The main powers of the Executive Yuan meeting are:
① Law, budget, martial law, amnesty, declaration of war, peace, treaty, and other international matters proposed to the Legislative Yuan;
② To decide on the appointment and removal of the above administrative and judicial officials; ③ Matters that cannot be resolved between the ministries, councils and departments of the Executive Yuan;
④ Other matters that should be submitted to the Executive Yuan meeting for resolution according to law or in the opinion of the President of the Executive Yuan matters. In addition to leading the meetings of the Executive Yuan, the President of the Executive Yuan also manages the affairs of the whole Yuan, supervises deployment, and requests the President of the National Government to appoint and remove ministers and deputy ministers of ministries and committees in accordance with the law, as well as chairpersons and vice chairpersons and members of various committees, and counter-signers of decrees issued by the National Government. and other powers. The highest legislative body of the national government. Established in December 1928. Initially, it was composed of one dean, one vice-president each, and 49 to 99 legislators. Members shall be submitted by the President to the Political Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang for review and approval, and shall be appointed by the Chairman of the National Government. In December 1931, the number of members was changed to 50 to 100, half of whom were appointed by the president at the request of the chairman of the National Government, and half of whom were elected by statutory people's organizations. The "Constitution of the Republic of China" promulgated on New Year's Day in 1947 stipulates that after December 25, 1947, legislators will be directly elected by the people. The legislative, diplomatic, financial, economic, and military committees within the Legislative Yuan handle various legal cases respectively.
The main powers of the Legislative Yuan are: ① to formulate laws; ② to decide on budgets; ③ to decide on declarations of war, peace negotiations, and treaty signings; ④ to question. In addition, the President of the Legislative Yuan also has the power to preside over meetings of the Legislative Yuan, command and supervise the affairs of the Legislative Yuan, make arrangements, and countersign the promulgation of National Government laws. The highest judicial organ of the National Government. Established in November 1928. There shall be one dean and one vice-dean each. The president is responsible for managing the affairs of the whole court, presiding over meetings of the whole court, proposing matters such as pardons, commutations and restoration of powers, attending trials of the Administrative Court and the Civil Service Disciplinary Commission when necessary, and serving as the chairman of the meetings of the president of the Supreme Court and the presidents of its divisions, etc. authority.
The Judicial Yuan has jurisdiction over the Supreme Court, the Administrative Court, and the Civil Service Disciplinary Commission. The affiliation of the Ministry of Justice and Administration has changed many times between the Judicial Yuan and the Executive Yuan. The Constitution of the Republic of China promulgated in 1947 determined that the Ministry of Justice and Administration is subordinate to the Judicial Yuan.
The judicial trial system initially followed the four-level and three-instance system during the Beiyang Government. On July 1, 1935, it was changed to the three-level and three-instance system. The Supreme Court, the High Court, and the District Court are established from the central to the local level. The courts at all levels shall have corresponding internal procuratorial organs.
Before the revision of the National Government’s Organic Law in September 1943, the Judicial Yuan exercised judicial power independently and was solely responsible to the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang. In addition to judicial trials, civil servant disciplinary actions, and administrative trials being handled by courts at all levels, civil servant disciplinary committees, administrative courts and other agencies, its powers also have the following powers:
① The Judicial Yuan can propose proposals on matters in its charge in the Legislative Yuan;
② Unified interpretation of laws and changes in legal precedents;
③ Has charter power over the establishment of private law and politics schools, and has supervisory power over the law departments of national universities. The highest examination authority of the National Government. Established on January 6, 1930. There shall be one dean and one vice-dean each. The main powers of the Examination Yuan are examination selection and administration, which are managed by the examination and selection committee and the administration department respectively.
The Selection Committee is responsible for selecting candidates for public officials at all levels, appointees and professional personnel. During the examination period, an examination committee and an examination affairs office are set up to handle examination administration and examination affairs respectively. The Classical Examination Committee is in charge of the proposition of examination subjects, the evaluation of examination results and the admission of qualified candidates. The examination is divided into two types: the Higher Civil Service Examination and the General Civil Service Examination. The members of the Code Examination Committee are appointed by the National Government upon request from the Examination Yuan, and the Chairman of the Code Examination Committee is concurrently served by the examiner. The examiners for the general civil service examination are appointed by the National Government, and the examiners for the advanced civil service examination are specially appointed by the National Government. The Examination Selection Committee and the Examination Affairs Office are temporary organizations and will be dissolved after the examination.
The Ministry of Public Affairs is responsible for the assessment and review of civil servants, judges, diplomats and other civil servants and candidates admitted to the examination nationwide, and conducts inspections on personnel departments, personnel departments, personnel offices or personnel management personnel of administrative agencies at all levels. Command and supervise. The highest supervisory body of the National Government.
Established in February 1931. There is a president and a vice-president each, and an initial supervisory committee of 19 to 29 people, who are appointed by the president at the request of the National Government. In December 1931, it was changed to 30 to 50 people, half of whom were elected by statutory people's organizations. After the implementation of the Constitution of the Republic of China in December 1947, the Supervisory Committee was elected by the provincial assemblies. The term of supervisory committee members is indefinite and they enjoy special legal protections, but they are not allowed to hold other official positions concurrently. The main powers of the Control Yuan are impeachment and audit. The Oversight Yuan has an audit department and supervisory missions in different regions.
If the Supervisory Committee discovers that a public official has violated the law and neglected his duties, he may independently propose impeachment and list the illegal facts of the impeached person in writing and attach evidence. After the Supervisory Yuan receives the impeachment case, three other supervisory committee members will conduct the review. When a majority of the supervisory committee concludes that the person should be punished as a result of the review, the impeached person will be transferred to the disciplinary agency for processing.
The Audit Department is responsible for reviewing the national finances. The main targets for exercising its powers are government agencies at all levels, including state-owned institutions.