Li Bai (70 1 Feb. 28-762), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, is known as the "Poet Fairy" and the greatest romantic poet. Han nationality, born in Mianzhou (now Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, Mianyang, Sichuan), was born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan). At the age of 5, he moved with his father to Changlong County (Brazil County), Mianzhou, Jiannan Province, and his ancestral home was Ji Cheng County, Longxi County (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province). His father, Li Ke, has two sons (Boqin, natural) and one daughter (Pingyang). There are more than 0/000 poems in the world, such as Shu Dao Nan, Into the Wine and Li Taibai Ji. He died in Dangtu, Anhui Province in 762 at the age of 6 1. Its tomb is in Dangtu, Anhui, and there are memorial halls in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Anlu, Hubei. Masterpieces: Entering Wine, Difficult Road to Shu, Difficult Travel, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Dreaming of Climbing Mount Tianmu, etc.
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Zi Zhan, also known as Dasu, is called Dongpo layman. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Together with their father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe, they are called Su San. He is an all-rounder in literature and art, and his writing style is unrestrained and fluent. He is also known as Ou Su with Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems are fresh and vigorous, and he is good at using exaggerated metaphors. He has a unique style in artistic expression, and is called Su Huang with Huang Tingjian. Bold ci school has a great influence on later generations, and it is called Su Xin with Xin Qiji; Calligraphy is good at running script and regular script, and it can be innovative. Writing with a pen is ups and downs, full of childlike interest. And Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called Song Sijia. Painting, like literature, I like to be a strange stone. On painting, I advocate similarity. He is the author of The Complete Works of Su Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Masterpieces: Red Cliff Fu, Shi Zhongshan Collection, Chuqing Lake after Drinking Rain, Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple, Shuidiao Tou, Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting.
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), with a cheerful personality, was named Mr. Wuliu, who was known as Mr. Jingjie in the world, and changed his name to Qian after entering Liu Song Dynasty. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. A native of Xunyang Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home, and then lived in seclusion. Rural life is the theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, and his related works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Returning to Xi Ci, Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden and so on.
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather (Du Fu's father) moved from Xiangyang (now Hubei) to Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poetry is also called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li".
Representative works: collection, full moon, book fragrance, military vehicle shop, looking for flowers by the river alone, looking for spring, the hut was blown by the autumn wind.
Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was born in Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han nationality. Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world. Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations" in the Song Dynasty, and Ming called him the head of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great man of literate Sect" and "a hundred generations of literate Sect", he has written 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collection, External Collection, Shi Shuo and Ma Shuo 10.
Evaluation: Su Shi, the initiator of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in the Song Dynasty. ), the Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu, together with Han and Du Fu, is called "Du Bi" and is known as "a great writer of articles" and "a hundred generations of literators". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. Later generations spoke highly of Han Yu and respected him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Shi, which is called "Du Han Shi Bi". Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature." The ancient prose movement advocated by Liu Han opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang Dynasty. Korean poetry strives for novelty, emphasizing momentum and originality. Taking prose as poetry, Han Yu introduced the new language, rules and techniques of ancient China into the poetry circle, which enhanced the expressive function of poetry, expanded the field of poetry, and corrected the mediocre poetic style since Dali (766 ~ 780).
Liu Yuxi (772-842), born in Pengcheng and Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong, and was a censor. He is a member of the Wang Reform School. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, during which he wrote the famous "Han Shou Chun Wang". Representative works: Humble Room Inscription, Wuyi Lane in Stone Town, Inside the Temple of Shu Xianwang, Autumn Ci, Rewarding Lotte for the First Meeting in Yangzhou.
Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1073), whose real name is Yongshu, also known as drunkard and layman. Han nationality, from Yongfeng, Ji 'an (now Jiangxi), called themselves Luling (now Shaxi, Yongfeng County). Posthumous title Wenzhong, also known as Ouyang Wenzhong, was an outstanding writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Main achievements: He participated in the compilation of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the History of the Five Dynasties, and was a representative figure of the ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Masterpieces: Zuiwengting Ji, Qiusheng Fu, Fengle Pavilion for a Spring Tour.
Achievements: Ouyang Xiu's memorial to Song Renzong: "Is it the national interest for a military official to obtain military information by mastering state secrets?" ! If you want to stop the green pivot, you can be a country, not only to save it, but also to save the country. "Di Qing was demoted and died of depression a few years later. Ouyang Xiu deepened the national policy of "valuing literature over martial arts", laying the groundwork for China's repeated invasion by foreign enemies.
Other achievements: Ouyang Xiu's works are numerous and rich, and his achievements are remarkable. In addition to literature, Confucian classics (Spring and Autumn) can stick to predecessors' theories and have unique opinions; As a pioneering work, epigraphy has compiled thousands of epigraphy artifacts and inscriptions from Zhou Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasties, and written more than 400 articles in ten volumes, referred to as "Collection of Ancient Records", which is the earliest extant epigraphy work. You Wei has made great achievements in historiography. He not only participated in the revision of the 250 volumes of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but also wrote the History of the Five Dynasties (the New History of the Five Dynasties), summarizing the historical experience of the Five Dynasties, in order to play a warning role. Ouyang Xiu's calligraphy is also world-famous, and his calligraphy is deeply influenced by Yan Zhenqing. Zhu Yue said, "Ouyang Gong works for others, and if he is a layman, he will be strong."
Comments from later generations: Ouyang Gong's generation of Confucian scholars are charming and pretentious. The lyrics are graceful and graceful, and the world is proud of it. Is it a villain or an erotic song? This is a public word. (Yao Zeng's Preface to Yuefu Elegance) Sixty-one is more beautiful than Sue. (You Zhancheng) Although Ouyang Gong played with fine print, it was a collection of flowers in the Tang Dynasty. (Luo Dajing) In Feng Yansi's ci, the uncle with childlike eyes won his handsomeness, while Ouyang Xiu won his profundity. (Liu Qingxi's "Art Outline", Volume 4) Pingshan Hall has three levels, and half a life is full. I haven't seen an old fairy for ten years, and the dragon and snake fly up the wall. If you want to hang an article, you can still sing willow spring breeze. Needless to say, everything turns empty and dreams without turning your head. (Su Shi's Xijiang Moon)
Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), originally from Wuxian, Suzhou, was born in Wenqian, Han nationality. His ancestral home is Yinzhou (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), and his ancestral home is Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He is a descendant of Fan, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. Born in Wuning County (Xuzhou) (speaking of Zhengding House in Hebei Province). A famous politician, thinker, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty was called "Duke of Fan Wenzheng". He is honest, compassionate, upright and upright, and advocates reform. Repeatedly slandered by traitors and demoted several times. 1052 (you four years) died in Xuzhou on May 20th at the age of 64. In December of that year, he was buried in Wanan Mountain, Yichuan, Henan Province, and was named King Chu and Wang Wei. There are complete works of the palace handed down from generation to generation, and there are engravings of the Tang people during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, chronicles and records of words and deeds. Main achievements: running schools in prefectures and counties, defending the frontier against enemies, celebrating the New Deal, and making statements.
Representative works: The Story of Yueyang Tower, Tang Mingfu, Shang Jun Shu, and Pride of Fisherman.
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), a native of Hedong County (now Yongji, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was a famous writer and thinker, and one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are more than 600 masterpieces, such as Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, which have been compiled into 30 volumes by later generations, named "Liuhe East Collection". Because he was from Hedong, he was called Liu Liuzhou, and because he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were both leaders of the ancient prose movement in the middle Tang Dynasty, also known as "Liu Han". In the cultural history of China, his achievements in poetry and literature are outstanding, which can be said to be inseparable.
Main achievements: Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and advocated the ancient prose movement with Han Yu, which was known as one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Representative works: Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, Liuhe East Collection, Liu Zongyuan Collection, Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Mountain Banquet.
Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The original word Tanfu was later changed to You 'an, alias Jiaxuan, and was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At the time of birth, the Central Plains was occupied by nomadic people. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. Fight for gold all your life. He has been on "Ten Comments on Meiqin" and "Nine Comments" to explain the strategy of war and defense, showing his outstanding military talent and patriotic enthusiasm. His lyrics expressed patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity, poured out his grief and indignation, and condemned the humiliation and peace of the rulers at that time. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. He has a wide range of subjects, is good at using predecessors' allusions, and has a heroic style, but there is no lack of delicacy and gentleness. The works include Jia Xuan's long and short sentences, and the neighbors include Xin Jiaxuan's poems and notes.
Main achievements: It has opened up the artistic conception of Ci and improved its literary status.
Representative works: Shuilongyin Deng Jiankang's banquet pavilion, Qingpingle village residence, Xijiang Moonlight Walking along Huangsha Road, Yongyule Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia, Breaking the Array, Giving Chen Tongfu sophistry, etc.
Calligraphy achievements: Xin Qiji's Running Script for the Country, collected in the Palace Museum, is a paper version, which is Xin Qiji's only calligraphy work at present. Running script is ten lines, which is a reward letter. At the end, "Missionary Lang Xin mentioned some miscellaneous words of Xin Qiji, a prison merchant, on the right Jiangnan West Road except the revised draft of the Secret Pavilion". Center pen, stippling rules, writing fluently and freely, in the round and beautiful without losing the weather in Fang Zhengzhi. I have been to Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Lin and Xiang Yuanpei in the Ming Dynasty, Li Yong in the Qing Dynasty and so on. , and recorded "Calligraphy and Painting".
Major achievements and impacts
Xin Qiji's great contribution in the history of Ci lies in the expansion of content and theme. His existing more than 600 poems are about politics, philosophy, feelings of friends and lovers, rural scenery, folk customs and feelings about daily life and reading. It can be said that at that time, he wrote all the poems that could be written in any other style, and the scope was much wider than that of Su Ci. With the changes in the content, theme and emotional tone of Ci, the artistic style of Xin Ci has also changed. Although his ci is mainly vigorous and vigorous, he is also very handy in writing traditional charm words. For example, in the famous "fishing, cherish the spring and the sea ...", I first wrote about cherishing spring, and the second wrote about palace resentment. I used a woman's style, with great twists and turns, euphemistic feelings and delicate brushstrokes, to write the feelings of loneliness and disappointment layer by layer. Many of his works describing rural scenery and farmers' life are so simple, beautiful and full of vitality. For example, the poem "Partridge Sky" says: "The mountains are far and near, the roads are inclined, and the clear gas and wine are occupied. The peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the shepherd's purse in the stream is in spring. " The next sentence of Xijiangyue: "Seven or eight stars are out of the sky, and two or three points of rain are in front of the mountain. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to Xiqiao. " It is difficult for ordinary people to reach the realm of simplicity and exquisiteness.
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