Gan Ning (? - 222), named Xingba, was a native of Linjiang, Bajun, Chongqing (Ganning Town, Wanzhou, Chongqing) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was a powerful young man and read various scholars. When he was about 17 years old, he served as the Prime Minister of Shu County. In 204 AD, 800 athletes followed Liu Biao, but because they lived in Nanyang, they could not be used. In 205 AD, it was entrusted to Huang Zu, who again treated humans and animals as slaves. He returned to Wu in 208 AD and was used by Sun Quan, who made great achievements. He defeated Huangzu and occupied the Chu Pass, attacked Cao Ren and captured Yiling, held Yiyang away from Guan Yu, defended Xiling and captured Zhu Guang, attacked Hefei and retreated Zhang Liao, and attacked Cao Ying with a hundred cavalry. He was both wise and brave, and his military exploits were outstanding. Loyalty and wealth. He won the support of the soldiers and the appreciation of the Lord of Wu. He was named the governor of Xiling by Sun Quan and defeated the general Chong (always victorious). In the spring and February of 222 AD, he fought in the Battle of Wu Shu Yiling and was buried in Ganning Town.
Zhao Shangfu (1849-1900), courtesy name Yizhi, was born in Tiancheng Town, Wanzhou District. He was a Jinshi in the 9th year of Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1883). He served successively as editor of the Hanlin Academy, admiral of academic affairs in Hubei Province, and as a lecturer. Talk about daily life and note the official. He died in office in the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1899) at the age of 52.
Compiling classics for official integrity
Zhao Shangfu was a scholar at the age of 17, a scholar at the age of 28, and a Jinshi at the age of 34. He was appointed editor and editor of the Hanlin Academy, and later moved to Japan to talk about daily life and become an official Bachelor's degree at Hanlin Academy. During his tenure as the academic governor in Hubei, he was an upright official, compiled classics, and extensively collected the classics and history of the Chu people and printed the "Hubei Series", with 315 volumes and 3.2 million words. It became a masterpiece of literature and history in Hubei Province in the late Qing Dynasty, and was known as "Since After Zhang Zhidong supervised the school, only Mr. Zhao had an ear." During the late Qing Dynasty, folk engraving and collecting books became a common practice.
Zhao Shangfu wrote in the couplet of the Superintendent of Schools in Xiangyang, Hubei Province: "Open your mind and see the waves of the Han River and the wind and moon of the Xian Mountain; if you comment on the characters, there are articles on the economy of Wuhou and the Ministry of Industry." One comment said: Very clear It must not be rotten. I am afraid that it is not rotten because it is away from the hustle and bustle of the world and cleanses the mind. I forget my feelings in the mountains and rivers, and write poems in the wind and moon. The romance of the ages is just one article.
Advocate practical learning and build academies
Zhao Shangfu advocates practical learning and build academies. Jingxin Academy was established when Zhang Zhidong was the academic administrator of Hubei Province. In 1891 (the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Zhao Shangfu, the former academic administrator of Hubei Province, and others donated their salaries and moved Jingxin Academy back to the right wing of the academy (today's Wuhan Police School). ), it was renamed Jingxin Jingshe, but the regulations remain the same. During this period, Zhao Shangfu studied hard, carefully trained a large number of top students, and made contributions to the country. In 1902, when the Qing government ordered the academies to be converted into schools, Jingxinjingshe and Jianghan Academy were renamed Qincheng Academy.
Love poetry and focus on calligraphy
Zhao Shangfu loved poetry and essays all his life, worked hard on calligraphy, and eventually became a celebrity. The "Dictionary of Chinese Artists" evaluates Zhao Gong's calligraphy, which is quite consistent with the ancient standards. There are still Zhao's famous monuments in the suburbs of Wanzhou. Among the Taibai rock carvings are Zhao Shangfu's "Shimi Stele" on the cliff and two poems "He Qing Immortal Descends". Zhao Shangfu wrote about Baiya Academy: "He was criticized by others and was criticized. He was honest and loyal throughout his life. He secretly thought that he could turn the tide and was elegant. He was relegated despite having few people to help him. He has been a god for hundreds of years. He knew that he would become a gentleman by borrowing from a villain."
In the fourth year of Guangxu's reign, Zhao Shangfu and Zhou Renxun wrote "He Qing Immortal Descends", which reflects the strong characteristics of Taoist activities and strong Taoist thoughts. Separated from the hustle and bustle of the city, deer lead clouds and carriages, the sun and the moon grow long. Thousands of palaces and pavilions line up the mist (valley), a school of (sheng) songs compose colorful clothes, red melons (honey) and jujubes are carried in gold trays, and green lotus roots are carried on ice in (jade) baskets. There is a banquet of dragon liver and phoenix brain, and the jade liquid is mixed with fine wine. The rosin is really extraordinary, the stone marrow and mountain flesh are fragrant, the rice is cooked with green essence, and the tea is fragrant. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a great integration of Chinese Taoism, Confucianism and foreign Buddhism, which can be reflected in some historical sites and stone carvings on Taibai Rock.
"Mother Sacrifice" is deeply touching
Zhao Shangfu regarded money as dung and lived in poverty all his life. His personality charm was praised by later generations. He wrote a lot of works in his life, but most of them were lost. Among them, "Essays on Sacrifice to Mother" was the most touching and widely circulated among the people.
He was very filial to his mother. He wrote "Essays on Sacrifice to Mother" by himself, "Essay on Sacrifice to Wife" written on behalf of his father, and "Essay on Sacrifice to Mother in Birth" written on behalf of Sanmei. They are excellent works of folk moral education and have been passed down for a long time.
When the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, Zhao Shangfu accompanied Luan to escort him on his western tour. He contracted an illness due to overwork and died in Beijing. When he was about to die, he sighed about life, and there was a couplet that saved his life: "After tasting all the bitterness, I realized that sadness can shorten one's life. What is the best thing about science? You must know that you should not be an official if you are loyal."
Modern Celebrities
Liu Meng and his wife (1894--1969), whose original name was Zhenjian, also named Meng and his wife, also known as Yisou, were born in Yunyang. A revolutionary, artist and scholar. He is one of the most representative calligraphers in China in the 20th century.
Talented and intelligent
Liu Meng and his wife lost their mother when they were 5 years old. He first entered a private school to gain enlightenment, and then studied classics, history, calligraphy, poetry, seal cutting, etc. with his eldest brother Liu Zhen'an (also known as Wenzhu, Jinshi in the 29th year of Guangxu's reign, and was awarded the title of magistrate of Yinjiang County, Guizhou). Liu Zhen'an was proficient in the ancient Chinese prose of the Han Dynasty and was good at official script, which had a significant impact on Liu Meng's life. Mr. and Mrs. Liu Meng were gifted and obsessed with classics. During the 10 years from the age of 6 to 16, they focused on studying the Confucian classic "Thirteen Classics". Their calligraphy was mainly based on the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Zheng Wengong Stele" and the regular scripts of Yan Zhenqing and Ouyang Tong. The outline, both copying and copying, is meticulous, and has established solid boy skills. In the 10 years from the age of 16 to 26, he also studied ancient calligraphy, studying day and night, analyzing each piece, and his calligraphy skills expanded to a wide range of oracle bones, bronze inscriptions, and Qin and Han dynasty inscriptions.
Join the army
In 1927, Liu Meng and his wife followed Liu Bocheng to participate in the Luzhou Uprising and joined the Communist Party of China, forming a profound revolutionary friendship with Liu Shuai. Some of his poems are in memory of Liu Bocheng, such as "Lang Tao Sha": "...the roads are surrounded by Huangliu, and everything is leisurely. Generals wear light coats for hundreds of battles, the moon sets and the crows crow, and the sky dawns again, and people are on the pine hills." To Liu. Shuai's admiration and nostalgia overflows between the lines.
After the failure of the Luzhou Uprising, Liu Meng and his wife engaged in underground revolutionary work. He established schools and education in Yunyang, Kaixian, Wanxian and other places. He also opened an "art studio" for mounting calligraphy and paintings, which also included writing, selling calligraphy and engraving. In 1939, he and local underground revolutionary workers founded Guohua Middle School in Wanxian County and appointed himself as the school chairman. Because of its revolutionary propaganda activities, the school was closed down by the Kuomintang authorities, and Liu Meng and his wife returned to the countryside of Yunyang to study, research, and teach calligraphy, seal cutting, and other arts. At the end of 1947, Liu Meng and his wife served as political commissar and commander of the Seventh South Detachment of the Eastern Sichuan Guerrilla Column. After liberation, he successively served as deputy secretary-general of the Sichuan East Administrative Office, member of the First, Second and Third Standing Committee of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Cultural and Historical Materials Committee. In 1952, he served as deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Research Institute of Literature and History, and was later promoted to director. He suffered further persecution during the Cultural Revolution and died of old age and illness.
Three unique features of poetry and calligraphy
Liu Meng and his wife are bold and open-minded in character and upright. He advocated extensive knowledge in calligraphy and abided by covenants, saying that "words are sealed by the heart". His calligraphy includes seal script, official script, regular script, running script, and cursive script. The seal carvings are steep and dignified, the beautiful parts are vast, the smooth parts are simple, solemn and steady, and the subtle carvings are particularly outstanding. The style of his official script is neat and clumsy, with thick, simple and lush strokes, round and straight; his stipples in regular script are thick and heavy, with a slightly higher center of gravity, leaving a solid and majestic appearance.
Liu Meng and his wife’s cursive calligraphy represents the highest level of his calligraphy art. The style is strange and strange, and the atmosphere is magnificent; the pen is concise and pure, calm and joyful; the structure is steep, and the intention is unrestrained; unique Aesthetic orientation and spatial awareness give his cursive writing an extraordinary and magnificent sight. It would not be too much to say that the structure of Liu Meng's writing is superior to that of famous artists. Commenting on his cursive writing, He Yinghui said: "...the physical beauty of the works is completely integrated with the author's sincere, profound, heroic and transcendent spiritual world, making his calligraphy the trace of his soul and the sustenance of his aesthetics." Due to the research and development of He Yinghui and others, Liu Meng's calligraphy achievements have been valued by the world.
Liu Meng's poems are true and spiritual, with the style of Tao Du. He is the author of "Ran Xi Poetry Draft", "Long Tong Hua Guan Ci Notes", and the editor-in-chief of "Chronicle of Du Fu", etc. His poems are bold in style, broad in outlook, and understandable, without giving in to the sages of the time. His peers call him "The mountains and rivers can be spoken without hindrance, and the wind and rain can sing with spirit."
”
He Qifang (1912~1977) was a modern poet, essayist, and literary researcher. His original name was He Yongfang. He was born in Ganning, Wanzhou, Chongqing. In 1929, he went to Shanghai to attend the preparatory course of China Public School and read extensively about Chinese and foreign literature. Works. He studied at the Department of Philosophy at Peking University from 1931 to 1935. He immersed himself in literary books after class and published many poems and essays. In 1936, he published a collection of poems with Bian Zhilin and Li Guangtian, "Hanyuan Collection", which attracted the attention of the literary world. After the publication of his collection of essays "Painting Dreams", he won the Ta Kung Pao Literary Award. After graduating from university, he taught at Nankai Middle School in Tianjin and Laiyang Rural Normal School in Shandong Province. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to Wanzhou, Chongqing to teach and participate in the founding of "Tai Kung Pao". "Eastern Sichuan Literature" and "Work" magazines. In 1938, he went to Yan'an and served as the director of the Literature Department of Lu Xun Academy of Art. During this period, he worked in the base areas of northwest Shanxi and central Hebei with He Long's new life. He Qifang wrote "I Sing of Yan'an". "" and "How Vast Life Is" and other poems, eulogizing the revolution and praising the light, were widely read. After 1944, he was sent to work in Chongqing and served as deputy director of the "Xinhua Daily". At the end of 1948, he started working at the Marxist-Leninist Institute. (i.e. Senior Party School). His main published works include: poetry collections "Prophecy" and "Night Songs" (later renamed "Night Songs and Daytime Songs"), collection of works "Deliberate Collection", and collection of essays "Miscellaneous Notes on Returning Home". , "Spark Collection" and its sequels, etc. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, He Qifang devoted his main energy to literary research and criticism. At the same time, he participated in leadership work in the literary and art circles and wrote a small number of poems. Institute (now part of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences), he served as deputy director and director, editor-in-chief of "Literary Review", secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association, and member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has published "On Realism" and "Realism". Collection of Xiyuan", "On Writing and Reading Poems", "No Progress Without Criticism", "On "A Dream of Red Mansions"", "Appreciation of Poetry", "Spring of Literature and Art" and the 6-volume "Collected Works of He Qifang", etc. He Qifang's early poems were exquisite in art and bright in color. After joining the revolution, his poems became simple, optimistic and bold. He was also famous for his lyrical prose. The chapters in "Hua Meng Lu" often used symbolic techniques and concepts. It is exquisite, the writing is beautiful, and it is full of artistic originality. Later, the articles in "Returning Home Miscellanies" tend to be simple and natural, with bold emotions and clear style.