In the spring and March of the year of Zhonghe Guimao, outside Luoyang, although the flowers are still in full bloom, there are no pedestrians on the four roads, so there is no dust. Suddenly I saw a woman resting under a poplar tree. Her hair is fluffy, her temples are unkempt, and her brow is locked, as if she were sad. I asked the girl where she came from. The girl's voice choked before answering.
Later, he turned to me and said, "I came here because of the war." I fell in Chang 'an for three years, and I still remember the situation there. If you are willing to untie the saddle for me, dismount and rest here, I can also stay and tell you about my experience.
On the morning of the fifth day of the twelfth lunar month, I opened the mirror box, but I was too lazy to comb my hair. I am leaning against the railing alone, closing the cage and teaching the parrot to talk. Suddenly I saw the dust flying outside the door, and then I saw someone playing drums in the street. The residents went out in a panic, and the officials who went to the court hurried home, suspecting that the news they heard was inaccurate.
At this time, the loyalist marched west into the city, intending to be transferred to Tongguan as a guard. At the same time, the news came that the Kyoto garrison Boye army had resisted the enemy and the enemy would not enter the city for the time being. But when my master came back from riding, everyone went crazy. He said: I saw that the emperor had fled from the city, and the enemy's white flags were everywhere and rushed into the city.
People are calling each other to help the old and bring the young, climbing the wall, being at a loss, hiding from Tibet, and the room is in chaos. Outside the door are horses and chariots running like wild animals. The wheels rolled like noisy thunder from the ground. The Imperial City caught fire, and fireworks rose from twelve streets in Chang 'an.
There is no light in the sun, and God stares silently. Surrounded by clouds, the official star is like a disaster. The emperor changed his place of residence, purple gas moved with him, and Taixing was also separated by the demon light of the enemy.
Every family bleeds like spring water, and the voice of injustice is shocking everywhere. Maiko singers and even children have been abandoned. Oriental beauty has just finished painting her eyebrow makeup and looks amazing. I was robbed by soldiers in a military vehicle. Looking back, my sweet lady was in tears. As soon as I turn around, I have to draw a gold thread to learn to sew a military flag, and I have to go to a carved saddle to be taught to ride a horse.
Sometimes I see my husband right away and dare not look back, only tears remain. Xizi girl is like a fairy with eyes like autumn water. After makeup, she only appreciates the mirror. She is too young to listen to things outside the window. A soldier suddenly jumped on her steps and tried to insult her. She refused to go out because she refused to be humiliated. The poor pink girl died by the thief's sword.
Women in the south don't know their last names. She is a newly-married bride. Walking on the glazed steps, it is light and silent, and only a faint shadow can be seen between the jade curtains. Suddenly I saw the sound of swords and shadows in the yard, and I was separated from my head in an instant. Her sisters hid their faces and wept. They all jumped into the well. The young woman in the north was in a hurry to escape and immediately took off her jewelry and makeup.
But the soldiers have knocked at the door and climbed into the heavy house in a hurry. After a while, I saw flames in all directions and wanted to come down, but the stairs had been burned down. Shouting for help in the fireworks, but it was too late, hanging from the beam and burning to ashes. Fortunately, I was not killed, but I was scared by the soldiers and didn't dare to refuse. I had to comb my hair, barely show my eyebrows, pretend to smile and follow him.
From then on, I couldn't go home, and my four relatives and six relatives also cut off contact. It has been three years since I fell into the hands of Huang Chao soldiers. I was surprised and worried all day. Sleep in heavily guarded weapons at night and eat only the hearts of blind people every day. Although I slept with the soldier, there was no joy there. Although I got a lot of gold and silver treasures, they are not my favorite.
Because that soldier is unkempt and looks like a "red-browed thief", it is always unpleasant to watch it over and over again. These people are not dressed neatly, and most of them speak with foreign accents. People who have made meritorious deeds have tattoos and carvings on their faces. Officials in Baitai and Lanzhou provinces are foxes and ghosts.
My hair is not long, but I wear a hairpin. I went to bed at night, wrapped in an embroidered quilt without even taking off my robe. As a person of three officials, even the imperial court can't hold it, but it often reverses right and wrong; People who have done history twice even hang goldfish upside down. These people go to the court to play in the morning and are coaxed into drinking in the hotel in the afternoon.
One day, at dawn, people in the city woke up, shouting or whispering. It is said that a spy on horseback entered the imperial city last night, and it was reported that the loyalist had recovered Chishui town. Chishui Town is located in the west of Chang 'an, in the east of Weinan County, more than 100 miles away from Chang 'an. If loyalists leave in the morning, they should be able to reach Chang 'an in the evening.
Hearing the news, the murderers on horseback swallowed, and their female companions were secretly happy in the house. Everyone thinks that these demons will die today, and everyone's grievances can be dispelled. After a while, another man rode a horse to spread the news that a large group of loyal ministers had entered the city.
At this time, Huang Chao's general Da Peng Xiao Peng was worried that Huang Chao and his brother rode on the horse and cried. However, after a few days, there was no news. Everyone thought that Huang Chao had surrendered to the loyalist. Who knows, they waved flags and danced swords again and came back happily, saying that the loyalist had suffered a big defeat.
Although loyalists withdrew from Chang 'an, they still surrounded Chang 'an, which hindered Huang Chao's grain transportation. The price of rice in the city is soaring, and the food supply is difficult. Jean only has bark to eat in the kitchen, but Huang Chao only has cut human flesh on the dining table. People starved to death in batches and were buried in ravines, with more graves and fewer people.
Outside the guarded camp, there are hungry zombies everywhere, and the camp is full of dead people. The whole Chang 'an city is deserted, with eight streets and nine cities, once a prosperous place, and now wheat seedlings have grown. The flowers and trees in the apricot garden have been cut down for firewood; Willow trees on both sides of Yugou were also cut down because soldiers built stockades.
All gorgeous houses, splendid scenery and silk mats have been sold; Jumengjadi's wealth has been destroyed by more than half. The Hanyuan Temple and Calyx Building in the palace are already full of thorns, allowing foxes and hares to March. In a word, the prosperity of the past has disappeared; What the eyes can see, they can't see the old words.
The magnificent internal vault of the palace for storing treasures has been burned to a pile of ashes; Walking in Sky Street, the bones of nobles are at your feet. Walking out of the East Gate that morning, the scenery outside the city was like a traffic jam. Soldiers are often seen patrolling along the way, and there is no excitement of picking up guests on the hillside in peacetime.
Looking east at Baling, there is no figure. Although there are still lush trees on Mount Li, those magnificent pavilions have disappeared. In the past, the avenue of chariots and horses has become a jungle of thorns; There is no hotel on the road, and travelers can only sleep in the open air at the foot of the broken wall at night.
Arriving at Sanfeng Road in the early morning of the next day, I saw that the villages and towns were sparsely populated, the countryside was dilapidated, and the bamboo forest owner was devastated. Walk through Huashan Temple and ask the mountain god. The mountain god said,' I'm more worried than you, and I have nothing to say. All the ancient cypress trees in front of the temple were cut down, leaving only residual tillers; The bronze incense burner in the temple has also been eclipsed and covered with dust.
Ever since Huang Chao rose up, it has been dark and stormy. The magic water on the incense table has also lost its mana, and the spell is invalid; The shadow soldiers and generals on the murals will not show their magical power. Usually sacrificed by the people, but now there is no magical power to help the people in times of crisis. I am really ashamed that I can't be a god; Had to hide in the mountains.
Now there is no flute in my temple, and no one has come to offer me three animals to eat. I have no choice but to send demons to the village to kill some men and women. After listening to the words of the mountain god, I became more and more sad. It turns out that this is a disaster from heaven, and neither God nor man can do anything about it. God wants to take refuge in the deep mountains, so there is no need to blame many generals in the East.
After walking out of Tongguan, I looked up and saw Jingshan. Entering the border of Zhou Guo is like coming to this world from hell, and suddenly I feel that the world is a scene of leisure and peace. Shaanxi coach is loyal and down-to-earth, dedicated to guarding the city. Commander Putin can restrain the soldiers without even barking. Early in the morning, with treasures; At night, with a golden hairpin on his head, he walked alone and no robbers came to rob him.
The next morning, in the eastern suburb of Xin 'an, looking for tea, I met an old man with a pale face and hiding in a pile of reeds. I asked the old man where he came from and why he stayed in the reeds on such a cold day. The old man wanted to answer, so he sat down with his head in his hands and cried. Later, he said,' I am a local, and I have 200 acres of fertile land at home, and I have to pay 30 million yuan in taxes every year.
Little girls at home can weave silk to make robes, and middle-aged women can cook red rice. There are thousands of granaries at home, storing 10 thousand boxes of grain. After Huang Chao's army, there is still half left. Since the loyalist arrived in Luoyang, the patrol came to the village pier day and night to harass. They drew their swords and waved the white tiger flag, dismounted and rushed in like a whirlwind, ransacking my house.
Now there is nothing at home, so we have to separate our flesh and blood and make a living. I am a lonely old man now. It is not worth mentioning that I suffer alone, but there are still tens of millions of refugees in the mountains. Eat grass roots when you are hungry during the day and sleep in the open air at night. '
After listening to the old man's sad words, he cried all day, and tears poured down his face. When you go out, you only see owls, but no one is there. I don't know where to go if you want to go further east. I heard that the road to Kaifeng was broken, and there was civil strife in Pengcheng. The countryside and the river are full of bodies killed by soldiers. It happened that someone came from Jinling and said that the situation in Jiangnan was very different. Since Huang Chao's army invaded the Central Plains, there has been peace in the south of the Yangtze River and no war in the suburbs.
The commander-in-chief over there cracked down on thieves like divine power and cared for the people like children. The city over there is too strong to attack. There are a lot of taxes paid to the barracks everywhere. When all corners of the country are in chaos like a flood, a unique land in the south of the Yangtze River is flat as a rock.
I am a native of Beijing, but now I am fleeing in a foreign land; Because I long for safety, I envy being a ghost in Jiangnan. May you sail east as soon as possible and dedicate this long poem to Xianggong in the south of the Yangtze River. "
Extended data:
1, creative background
From the winter of the first year of Tang Xizong Guangming (880) to the spring of the third year of Zhonghe (883), that is, the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty reached a climax and reached a turning point. Due to the strategic missteps of the peasant leaders and the crazy repression of the Li and Tang Dynasties, the struggle was unprecedented and cruel, and the people suffered great suffering and heavy sacrifices.
Wei Zhuang immediately detained Chang 'an as a response, but the brothers and sisters in the army were separated from each other and fell ill for many days. He became a witness to this great social change that shocked China. After a period of brewing, in the second year after he left Chang 'an, that is, in the third year of neutralization, he wrote this epic in Luoyang, the oriental capital of his life.
Step 2 enjoy
The long poem Fu Qin Yin can be divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph, from "Zhonghe Guimao Spring March" to "My concubine also stops at your jade toe", is the introduction of the whole poem, describing the situation that the author met a woman (that is, Fu Qin) on the way from Chang 'an to Luoyang, the eastern capital.
In the second paragraph, from "the fifth day of the twelfth lunar month" to "Tian Jie stepped on the bones of public officials", * * * is 65, 130. This section is divided into six levels, describing the situation after the peasant army entered the city. Sixteen sentences from "the fifth day of the twelfth lunar month" to "white flags everywhere" are the first floor, describing the situation of farmers invading the capital on December 5 of the first year of Guangming.
The second level is sixteen sentences, ranging from "helping the young and shouting" to "shooting the stars with a demon light", describing the situation in which the rebels fell into chaos after entering the city. The people hid in Tibet, and court officials fled everywhere. From "every family bleeds like a spring" to "six relatives are nowhere to be found", writing about the war disaster suffered by women is the third level.
The first four sentences can be summarized as follows: every family bleeds, grievances are heard everywhere, and children are abandoned. Write about the sufferings of women in the neighborhood: beautiful women in the east were robbed, women in the west and south died by the sword, and young women in the north were killed by fire. Finally, the girl herself was intimidated by the soldiers and became a slave. Through women's experience, it depicts the war situation and the image of Chang 'an women in the war, which has considerable cognitive value.
The fourth level, from "Trapped Thief for Three Years" to "Meet the Wine Market at Dusk", describes the life of a young girl who was forced to marry one of Huang Chao's soldiers, and the various situations of the nouveau riche she saw. One of them is "I will wear a hairpin with short hair" and so on. With the brush and ink of cartoons, the fascination of peasant generals with wealth and happiness is portrayed vividly, and the farce is full of sadness.
On the fifth level, from "five drums were used to wake people up" to "once again, the loyalist army was told to be defeated", the well-known war situation between Tang Jun and the peasant army in Chang 'an was written, which not only showed the difficulty and tenacity of the peasant army's struggle, but also showed the gradual decline of its morale and strength, and vividly portrayed the modality.
The last level of this section, from "from all directions to all directions" to "stepping on my father's bones", describes the situation after Tang Jun was defeated and the peasant army regained Chang 'an. After the war, Kyoto's "Chang 'an is so sad today, and the deserted streets are full of wheat seedlings", from Fangcheng to the palace, from trees to buildings, "the prosperity of the past was buried, and the eyes were desolate and unreasonable", and the songs met.
In particular, the aphorism that "Neiku burned to splendid ashes, and the bones in the sky street" was widely circulated. The third paragraph is from Dawn in the East of the City to Sleeping in first frost at Night. This long poem is a comprehensive observation of a turbulent era, and its pen touches far more than the peasant army. In the third paragraph, the author refers to the loyalist and separatist warlords in the Li Tang period.
This section can be divided into four levels, from "Dawn breaks out in the east of the city" to "Pedestrians spend the night singing the bright moon on the wall", which is the first level and the preface of this section, describing what the girls saw all the way out of Chang 'an. Soldiers patrol everywhere; No one is alive; At that time, the pavilions and pavilions in Taiwan Province had been cut down; There is no hotel on the road and the scenery is like a desolate traffic jam.
From "Xiao Zhiming Sanfeng Road" to "Why Blame Dong Wanggong", the second level is to write about the situation that the girl continued to travel eastward to Huayin County the next day. Using the golden god to satirize Tongguan Yidong soldiers to protect themselves, they could not help the peasant army, but allowed their subordinates to abuse the Qiang people. The third level is from "Yang Zhenguan went out again the year before last" to "Chai Jin went alone at dusk".
A woman walks alone in the vast universe. "No one asked about the treasure, but she could only do it at dusk." There is a dead silence everywhere, which is more terrible than the outbreak of war. These descriptions are more expressive than the ancient mourning poems of the Han and Wei Dynasties, such as "When you go out, you can't see it, and the bones cover the plain", which is meticulous and successfully creates a horrible atmosphere.
The fourth level is from "the Ming Dynasty passed Xin 'an East again" to "sleeping in first frost at night". In the poem, Xin 'an old man accused Tang Jun of his sins: their sins were more serious than Huang Chao's army. "Thousands of warehouses are full of Vance boxes, and after Huang Chao, they are still half-disabled", while the soldiers came to a "whirlwind at first, and their chests are like a comeback".
It is the first thing to spare no effort to rob the people's treasury, which is better than "thief" Huang Chao. Secondly, the poem vaguely reveals the activities of loyalist killing and even selling human flesh. The poem reads: "Huang Chao cuts human flesh on the plane." "I will blindly enter the liver sooner or later." According to "Biography of Huang Chao in the Old Tang Dynasty", "all the officials and soldiers hold fake surnames and get hundreds of thousands of thieves."
In connection with the above-mentioned "there is nowhere to find sacrifices on holidays" and "killing the living and wasting the day" and "there are thousands of households in the mountains", we can see the criminal behavior of government forces making huge profits by killing people and selling human flesh.
The last paragraph is from "I heard this old sad story" to "chanting this long song to offer" xianggong ". Through hearsay, Fu Qin placed a glimmer of hope on the relatively calm south of the Yangtze River, which is the end of the whole poem.
Generally speaking, the long poem "Fu Qin Yin" is a masterpiece with a strong realistic tendency. Its ideological content is rich and complex, covering Beijing and Beijing for three years, and it has written a great change in history. The author uses the flashback technique of character memory to concentrate different time, jumping point, characters and scenery on one scene, and obtains the effect of compact plot and concentrated theme.
On the other hand, he created something in art, and his brushwork should be based on Song of Eternal Sorrow and Poems of Lotus Palace. It is not only Wei Zhuang's masterpiece, but also an immortal work in ancient Chinese narrative poetry.
It is no accident that Wei Zhuang can write such a masterpiece with realistic tendency. He lived with the old poet Bai Juyi in his early years. He may have been influenced by Bai Juyi, but he also likes Du Fu. When he lived in Shu, he rebuilt the thatched cottage and was named "Huanhua". Fu Qin Yin reflects the influence of Du Fu and Bai Juyi, two realistic poets, on the author, and has the artistic characteristics of Looking After You.
First, the structural model. Fuqinyin is a bold innovation on the basis of inheritance, which perfectly combines the serial structure of transverse sections established in Han Dynasty with the parallel structure of longitudinal sections laid by Bai Juyi. The whole poem adopts the parallel structure of Bai Juyi's vertical development-the poet meets Fu Qin and Fu Qin tells his own story, which is simple and has few characters.
However, in the vertical parallelism of the whole poem, several horizontal dramatic life scenes are highlighted. For example, the tragic scene of a woman being raped and killed, the scandalous comedy scene of Huang Chao uprising army (from "clothes upside down, different words" to "screaming and quarreling like a secret meeting"), the tragicomedy told by God and so on. , are connected in series, vividly showing the social situation when the historical situation changes suddenly.
Compared with only one structure, this parallel and series narrative structure undoubtedly makes the works richer, more inclusive, more vivid, more complex and more artistic.
To sum up, Fu Qin Yin not only draws lessons from the narrative art before the Tang Dynasty, but also draws lessons from the artistic development of poets in the Tang Dynasty, and boldly carries out unique artistic innovation, reaching a considerable artistic height.
The artistic achievement of this poem reflects the creative inheritance of the previous narrative poems, predicts the development trend of Wu's narrative poems in Qing Dynasty from many aspects, and fully shows that it is a masterpiece with an important position in the history of Chinese classical narrative poems.
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