Among Duanyan inkstones, purple with blue is the best. When viewed in the sun or water, the stone color is the most obvious, followed by purple with blue and purple with red. Besides purple, there are white, cyan and green.
Second, the stone:
Generally speaking, quality is the first step to buy Duanyan. A good Duanyan stone can preserve its value forever, and a fine stone is better.
Third, the sense of weight:
The end stone is sedimentary rock, with moderate weight, which has a moist feeling when used; If you think it's too light or too heavy and it's boring, you suspect it's a fake.
Fourth, listen to the voice:
The tapping sound of Duanyan is small and dull, unlike other inkstones, which are brittle and noisy.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) is pressed with the finger:
Press the inkstone 1 sec with your finger, and there will be fingerprints formed by "water vapor" on the inkstone.
Six, breathing:
Breathing near Guangdong inkstone will condense a thin layer of water, and you can see the condensed water with your fingers.
What color is Duanyan? Different varieties have different colors. Search online or find professional books. Of course, it still takes time and experience to accumulate. It depends on your purpose-
What color is the inkstone? The color of the inkstone depends on the color of the stone.
What color is this inkstone? The inkstone varies according to the color of the stone.
1, Guangdong ink stone is mostly dark purple, pig liver color, and also has a green end.
2. The inkstone (Weilong inkstone) is mostly black, with eyebrows, ribs, golden halo and Venus. The eel body has striped eel roe stone, which is dark yellow.
3. Yan Tao is relatively green, and good varieties include duck head green, reddish partridge blood stone and so on.
4. Songhua inkstone is mostly dark green, ginger, vermilion and jade white.
What color is the black ink stone? Strictly speaking, there is no black, but there are blue purple, gray purple, red purple, pork liver red, golden leather, emerald green, carmine, marble white and so on.
When you say black inkstone, I guess it is the color of inkstone after painting.
What are Fang Duan inkstone and she inkstone? The origin is the best in China "Four Treasures of the Study". It has a long history, excellent stone quality and exquisite carving.
One of the four famous inkstones in ancient China.
In the early Tang Dynasty, laborers who made their living by picking inkstones and making Dragon Boat Festival appeared in Keshan Duan Xi, the eastern suburb of Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Here, the Xijiang River flowing eastward crosses the canyon and goes straight to the South China Sea. Surrounded by mountains on all sides, it is magnificent and thick with rocks. Xuandeyan in Shuiyan (old pit), Kengziyan, Mazikeng, Chaotianyan, Gutayan and Duanyan are scattered in this picturesque environment. The Guangdong ink stone has gradually become a unique handicraft in Zhaoqing; It is deeply loved by literati and admired by dignitaries and emperors. In the Song Dynasty, Duanyan Stone was listed as a "tribute" and became famous at home and abroad.
Duanyan is valuable because the stone is tender, pure, delicate, moist, solid and tight. Duanyan made of it has the characteristics of breathing, grinding ink, not damaging ink and not freezing in winter. It is also related to the hardships of mining and production. The world-famous inkstone has to go through more than ten painstaking and meticulous processes, such as detection, excavation, transportation, material selection, sorting, design, carving, polishing, washing and assembly. Mining inkstone can't be operated mechanically, only by hand. Quarrying workers in past dynasties followed the direction of stone veins, naturally dug deep and chiseled out from joints. 30% to 40% of the selected inkstones can be used rarely. The tunnel inclines downward and twists and turns, and workers have to squat and bend in and out. In some areas, only one person can crawl naked. The ancients said: "The old pit climbs obliquely, and the quarrymen get credit every three to five times." Cutting ziyun is not a luxury. "
Coupled with the meticulous carving of artists who made inkstones in past dynasties, its modeling style is colorful, from the practicality in the early Tang Dynasty to the combination of practicality and appreciation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it has entered the ranks of national arts and crafts. Now it has become a wonderful flower in the well-known China Arts and Crafts Park. Chinese and foreign tourists visiting Zhaoqing are proud of having a beautiful and colorful Guangdong inkstone.
She inkstone is one of the four famous inkstones in China, which is as famous as Duan inkstone in the history of inkstone. It was named after the processing and distribution of inkstone by the ancient state government. She inkstone began in the Tang Dynasty. Beitang product & gt Wuyuan inkstone wrote: "In the first century of the Tang Dynasty, hunter Ye chased the beast to the Great Wall and saw the stone piles as barriers, which were beautiful, clean and lovely. Because it was brought back, it was published as an inkstone, which is more moist than Duan Xi. " Since then, she Yan has become famous all over the world. According to historical records, inkstone flourished in the Tang Dynasty. 1976 Tang Kaicheng's five-year-old dustpan-shaped inkstone unearthed in Hefei is a precious cultural relic of the early inkstone with delicate stone and pure color. During the Southern Tang Dynasty, inkstone was very popular. Master Li Jing, with meticulous calligraphy, attaches great importance to stones. He set up an inkstone office in Zhangzhou, and appointed Li Shaowei, an expert inkstone worker, as an inkstone officer. The late master Li Yu highly praised She Yan, calling She Yan, Chengxin Tang Paper and Li Ting Silimo the best in the world. In the Song Dynasty, she inkstone developed greatly, and its quarrying scale expanded, with many names, fine texture and exquisite carving, which was the highest among all inkstones. 1953, 7 pieces of inkstone/kloc-0 were unearthed from Song kiln in Shexian county, with different stone shapes and ingenious production, showing the exquisite appearance of inkstone. According to "Yan Pu", there were 7 kinds of eyebrows in Song Dynasty, 3 kinds of outer ridges 10, and 6 kinds of water inscriptions10, all of which were colorful, just as Cai, a calligrapher in Song Dynasty, praised: "Jade is uncut and abrasive." If you still cling to the news, you will have fifteen cities in Qin. In the poem, she compares the inkstone to Bian, and thinks that the inkstone is priceless. After the Yuan Dynasty, the mining of stone was intermittent, but inkstones still appeared in large numbers, which became the treasures of the courts and gentry's houses in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Stone is fine in texture and delicate in luster, and is known as "firm, moist, soft, healthy, fine, greasy, clean and beautiful". Tender and firm, moist but not slippery, button and audible, caressing like skin, grinding like a front, suitable for ink and use, brilliant texture, color like blue sky. After long-term use, the ink on the inkstone is old and dirty. After entering the water, it is as clean as new and looks like new. There are several types of stone patterns: ribs, eyebrows, Venus and silver stars. Especially those with strange ribs and eyebrows are the top grade. Rhinoceros horn pattern, loach back pattern, thin rib pattern and dark rib pattern in rib pattern are all exquisite works that make ink and wash shine and produce water, which have always been valued by connoisseurs. In addition, she inkstone also has its own characteristics in carving, preservation and inkstone history recording. She Yan's modern production has been greatly restored and developed, whether it is mine pit, inkstone making technology or carving technology. Some patterns that disappeared in history have been rediscovered, and some new varieties have been added, adding a new style to the famous She Yan production.
What colors are iron, copper and green? Iron powder is black, and pure iron is white or silvery white.
Simple metal is generally silvery white, of course, when its crystal has a certain geometric shape. Under certain conditions, the crystal geometry of metal will be destroyed, which is metal or black powder. The colors of iron and iron powder are different because the geometric shapes of crystal elements are different, and iron powder has no geometric shape of single crystal. Non-metallic simple substances are generally colored.
In the final analysis, it is still an optical problem:
It's an optical system! Because of the different geometric shapes of its crystal elements, iron powder does not have the geometric shape of single crystal. In this way, the iron block absorbs a part of visible light and reflects another part of visible light through the mirror surface; The light that is not absorbed by iron powder is diffuse, and less visible light can enter the human eye, so it is black.
Metallic copper is purplish red, so metallic copper is called red copper, red copper and red copper. Chemistry manuals and textbooks describe the colors of copper as follows: red, purple, rose and brown. These accounts are similar, and they all describe the most basic hue of metallic copper red. But there are also books that say copper can also be yellow. Recently, A.H. Gellero and others wrote in the American Journal of Chemical Education (hereinafter referred to as Gavin) that Cu is yellow, and its reddish color is caused by Cu2O which is easily generated in the air. There are three reasons: ① yellow phosphor bronze; ② The yellow needle-like Cu crystal can be seen from the special micrograph of Cu2O matrix; ③ The copper rod preheated to red heat can show bright yellow in methanol or acetone vapor. From this point of view, the color of metallic copper is still a controversial issue, which needs to be clarified. The author intends to talk about his own views on this issue through the analysis of Gavin. Gavin regards the yellow color of phosphor bronze as the intermediate color produced by mixing the primary color of copper with the white color of tin and aluminum. Obviously, it is not appropriate to simply regard the formation of this alloy as a mixture of yellow pigment and white pigment. In fact, even if the two metals have the same structure and can be mutually dissolved in various proportions, there are not many cases where their alloys can show intermediate colors. In most alloy systems, due to the possibility of new crystal structure, the color of the alloy often changes unexpectedly. For example, when some white metals are added to Au, the color of the alloy will vary with different metals: when Fe is added, it will appear blue; Add Al, it's purplish red. In some cases, even the addition of white metal will make the alloy appear completely different colors: a small amount of Ag is added to Au, and the alloy is still yellow; When 25% silver is added, the alloy turns green.
Aluminum is silvery white.
What is Duanyan? Among the four famous inkstones produced in China, Duanyan is the most famous. Zhang Jiucheng, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem praising: "Gu Yan in Duan Xi is a wonderland on earth, with purple flowers in the middle of the night." Duanyan has a long history, excellent stone quality and exquisite carving. There is a kind of inkstone with the same name as Duanyan. Duanyan is produced in Kelan Mountain in the east of Zhaoqing City and Beiling Mountain in the north of Qixingyan in Zhaoqing City (from Xiaoxiangxia in the west to Dinghushan in the east), especially in Laokeng, Mazikeng and Kengziyan.
What do Guangdong, She Yan, Cheng Yan and Yan Tao mean? Guangdong inkstone, She Yan, Cheng Yan and Yan Tao are the four famous inkstones in China.
It's an inkstone used by the ancients to write.
Duanyan is one of the most famous inkstones, which is produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province. Its inkstone belongs to Devonian argillaceous silica mica plate. The mineral composition is argillaceous, sericite, timely and micro-magnetite. The mineral particle size is less than 0.0 1mm, the composition is uniform, the texture is fine, and it is easy to ink. The sericite in the rock makes the inkstone delicate, soft and smooth without damage. The coexistence of argillaceous and siliceous makes the inkstone soft and firm. The compactness of slate makes the ink storage of inkstone not exhausted. The production of Duan inkstone has a history of 1000 years, which is well-known overseas. Duan inkstone, especially the old pit stone, is the most precious. There is a saying that a catty of Guangdong ink stone is worth thousands of dollars. She inkstone is named after it was produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province. Its present stone belongs to the gray-black slate containing quartz powder and sand in the Upper Banxi Group of Proterozoic Sinian System. The mineral components are sericite, timely, microcrystalline pyrite, pyrrhotite, white iron ore, limonite and argillaceous, and the mineral particles are fine, generally ranging from 0.005 to 0.05438+0 mm.. The stone is dense and delicate and won't damage the hair. Ink stone generally contains sericite, which makes the ink durable. The uniform distribution of timely particles makes She Yan have the characteristics of "fine and sharp in the middle, combining rigidity with softness". Pyrite and white iron ore microcrystals in inkstone are small gold stars and silver stars, which are called "Jinxing inkstone" or "Silver Star inkstone". Su Dongpo, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, commented on inkstone: "The beauty of inkstone moistens the ink color, and the rest remains. However, the two are harmful, and the ink maker will spend a lot of money, and it will not cost the author money to return the ink. Only the inkstone does not leave the pen, it is slippery and dull. " In Su Dongpo's eyes, she inkstone is a treasure on earth and the crown of inkstone garden.
Yan Tao was born in Taohe, Gansu Province, and was discovered in Taohe by Wang Zhao in the fourth year of Xining, Song Shenzong (A.D. 107 1). This inkstone is a argillaceous slate in hydromica of Lower Carboniferous, which is metamorphic from argillaceous rocks. Its mineral composition is argillaceous, hydromica, Yingshi and chlorite. Its mineral particle size is less than 0.0 1mm, and its texture is dense, delicate and moist. Store ink in it, it won't leak out overnight, it will make ink like oil, it won't repel ink when it is slippery, it won't stick to the pen when it is astringent, and it won't damage the hair. Once Yan Tao was published, scholars rushed to buy it, which made it famous for a while. Huang Tingjian said: "Zhou Taoqing does not contain wind, so he can sharpen it into a cone." Su Dongpo intoned: "An ethereal immortal lives in a fairy, and a cloud is transformed." "Green is like a robe, the deeper it is, the cuter it is," Zhang Wenqian praised. "The window is full of ink, and Duanzhou is unparalleled." Masters profoundly described Yan Tao's physical characteristics and calligraphy function from different aspects.
Cheng inkstone, one of the four famous inkstones, is produced in where? Opinions vary: some say it is produced in Jiangzhou, Shanxi, some say it is produced in Lingbao, Henan, and some say it is produced in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Suzhou Chengyanshi is dark gray to dark green argillaceous slate and silty argillaceous slate. The formation age of strata is Permian in Upper Paleozoic, which was formed by argillaceous rock metamorphism. The main mineral is sericite, followed by argillaceous, iron and a small amount of quartz powder sand. Tuberculosis and brachiopod fossils can be seen. Rock hardness is moderate, and it is not easy to be broken. Slate can reach 100.
X
100 cm above, the thickness of single layer of inkstone reaches tens of cm. Suzhou inkstone is famous for its delicate texture and easy carving. The inkstone produced does not dry up, but can show ink without damaging Guanghua, which is favored by users at home and abroad.
The inkstone has a long history in China, from the Tang Dynasty to the present, for thousands of years. Among the famous inkstones of past dynasties, most of them are slate, argillaceous slate and silty argillaceous slate. In addition to the four famous inkstones, He is silty argillaceous slate in Yinchuan, Ningxia, quartzite silty clay slate in Yushan, Jiangxi, purple-gray calcareous slate in Pangu inkstone in Jiyuan, Henan, and tuffaceous slate in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Those with marl and limestone as raw materials, such as Songhua inkstone in Tonghua, Jilin and Hongsi inkstone in Yidu, Shandong, are all microcrystalline limestone. Some limestone also contains animal fossils, which is the icing on the cake, and is the top grade of stone inkstone, such as Hunan chrysanthemum inkstone and trilobite inkstone. It can be seen that the quality of inkstone depends on the texture of rock, and the outstanding calligraphy function of the four famous inkstones benefits from the excellent quality of rock. (Author: Yao Jianping)