Huashan Mountain is composed of a complete and huge granite mass, and its historical evolution can be traced back to 12 million years ago. According to Shan Hai Jing, "Taihua Mountain is cut into four directions, with a height of 5, meters and a width of ten miles."
At present, there are five peaks in Huashan Mountain: the east, the west, the south, the north and the middle. The main peaks are the south peak "Wild Goose", the east peak "Chaoyang" and the west peak "Lotus", and the three peaks stand tall, so they are called "three peaks outside the sky". There are also two peaks, Yuntai and Yunv, which complement each other, and 36 small peaks are listed in front, and the weather is dense. Because of the changeable climate on the mountain, "Yunhua Mountain", "Yuhua Mountain", "Fog Mountain" and "Snow Mountain" give people a sense of beauty in fairyland. It is the so-called Xijing Wang Qi.
Huashan is one of the cradles of Chinese national culture. According to the research of Mr. Zhang Taiyan, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, "China" and "Huaxia" are both named after Huashan. There are records about Huashan Mountain in Shangshu. There are also stories of Huangdi, Yao and Shun Huashan cruising in Historical Records. More than a dozen emperors such as Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong also went to Huashan for large-scale sacrificial activities.
Huashan Mountain is also a Taoist scenic spot, the "fourth cave", with Chen Tuan, Hao Datong and He Yuanxi as the most famous Taoist masters. There are 72 semi-suspended caves and more than 2 Taoist temples in the mountain, among which Yuquanyuan, host institute and Zhenyue Palace are listed as national key Taoist temples.
left behind the footprints of countless celebrities, as well as countless stories and historical sites. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Li Bai, Du Fu and other literati have recited more than a thousand poems, inscriptions and travel notes of Huashan Mountain, and carved as many as a thousand rocks. Many scholars, from Yang Bao and Yang Zhen in Han Dynasty to Feng Congwu and Gu Yanwu in Ming and Qing Dynasties, once lived in seclusion in Huashan Valley, and opened a museum for apprentices, which was a great sight for a while. Among the many stories in Huashan Mountain, the most widely circulated fairy tales are "djinn split the mountain", "Aquilaria aloes split the mountain to save the mother" and "Blowing Xiao to attract phoenix". Huashan is also one of the nine scenic spots in China. Mount Huashan is located in East China Peak (also known as Chaoyang Peak), and Chaoyang Terrace is the best place. There are more than 21 famous scenic spots in Huashan Mountain, such as the sky plank road erected in the air, the kite turning over on three sides, and the thousands of feet Building, Baichi Gorge and Laojun Plough carved on the cliff. Among them, Huayue Xianzhang is listed as the first of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong.
main attractions: Dongfeng-Xifeng-Nanfeng-Beifeng-Zhongfeng-Yuquanyuan
Dongfeng
Dongfeng is 29 meters above sea level, which is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, named after its location in the east. There is a platform on the peak, which is high in danger and wide in vision. It is a famous place to watch the sunrise, and it is called Chaoyang Terrace, and Dongfeng is also called Chaoyang Peak.
The East Peak is composed of one master and three servants, with Chaoyang Tower as the highest peak, Yunv Mountain in the west and Shilou Peak in the east, and Botai in the south. The guests and hosts are orderly, and each has its own merits. The ancients called Huashan Three Peaks, referring to the three peaks in the east, west and south, and Yunv Mountain is an integral part of Dongfeng. Today, people call Yunv Mountain the Middle Peak, which makes it exist as the main peak of Huashan Mountain alone.
In ancient times, it was said that the road to climb the East Peak was difficult. According to the Three Tales Meeting, a hill is like a cut slope, which is tens of feet high. There are only a few foot nests carved on it, and there are no branches and vines on both sides to climb. Only when people climb the peak can they reach the top with their feet and hands. Today, several climbing steps have been opened and widened, and visitors can reach them safely.
The East Peak is covered with Qiao Song, which is shaded by the sun, and the environment is very quiet. Visitors walk through the pine forest, where there are groups of talented people in the shade, such as umbrellas and covers, and there are pines in their ears, such as chanting, which makes them feel relaxed and detached. Wang Lv, a painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, talked about his experience in The Story of the East Peak, saying: The tall juniper trees shade the peak, the stone path under the trees is refreshing and quiet, the wind passes through the forest, and the surging pines add a musical charm, and its rhythm is like playing bamboo and tapping the stone. How wonderful it is.
There are dozens of landscapes in the East Peak, and there are natural stone patterns on the cliff side of Dongshilou Peak, which are like giant handprints. This is the Huayue Fairy Palm, which is listed as the first of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong, and the story of the giant spirit god opening the mountain and guiding the river comes from this. Chaoyang Taipei has the Yanggong Pagoda, which is opposite to Xifeng Yanggong Pagoda. It was built by General Yang Hucheng, and the tower has the word "Vientiane Sen Luo" inscribed by General Yang Hucheng. In addition, there are Qinglong Lake, Ganluchi, Sanmao Cave, Qingxu Cave, Bajing Palace and Taiji Dongyuanmen in Dongfeng. Unfortunately, some landscapes have been abandoned because of age or natural and man-made disasters, and only ruins are left. After 198s, part of Dongfeng landscape was gradually restored. The dangerous road was renovated and reinforced, and the pavilion was rebuilt. On the site of Bajing Palace, which was destroyed by fire in 1953, a two-story wooden and stone pavilion has been re-erected, which is the Dongfeng Hotel.
Xifeng
Xifeng is 282 meters above sea level, which is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, so it is named because it is located in the west. Because there are huge stones at the top of the peak shaped like lotus petals, ancient scholars often call them Lotus Peak and Furong Peak. Yuan Hongdao described in his Huashan Yong: "The stone leaves are covered and cracked horizontally"; Xu Xiake's Diary of You Tai Hua Shan also describes: "The stone rises on the peak, and there are stone pieces covering it, such as lotus flowers." In Li Bai's poems, there is a sentence that "a lotus cloud is made of stone", which should also be referred to as this stone.
Xifeng is a complete boulder, which is natural. The cliff in the northwest is thousands of feet high, like a knife cutting and sawing. Its steep and majestic, masculine and straight posture is the representative of Huashan Mountain, so the ancients often called Huashan Lotus Mountain.
Dengxi Peak is far away, surrounded by rolling mountains, clouds and clouds, Zhou Ye spreading, and Huang Wei meandering. If you are in it, all kinds of vulgar thoughts will be swept away. Chen Tuan, a famous hermit in the Song Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his poem Xifeng: "Send a message to avoid visitors, this is a fairy town".
The south cliff of Xifeng is connected with Nanfeng by a ridge, which is more than 3 meters long. It looks like a shrinking dragon. People call it Quling, also known as Little black dragon Ridge, and it is one of the famous dangerous roads in Huashan.
There are many landscapes on the Xifeng Mountain, including Cui Yun Palace, Lotus Cave, djinn Foot, Axes and Stones, Sheshen Cliff, etc., which are accompanied by many beautiful myths and legends, among which the story of saving the mother by chopping agarwood is the most widely spread. Inscriptions on the cliffs on the peak are all over the place, and there are many kinds of works, grasses and seals. The top of the peak in the north is called Xishilou Peak. On the peak, Yang Gong Tower was built by General Yang Hucheng, and the tower was inscribed by General Yang Huchang. There is an inscription on the rock under the tower, which is written by calligrapher Wang Duo.
There are many poems about Xifeng sung by ancient and modern scholars. In the Tang Dynasty, Qiao Shi wrote the inscription on the floating picture of Xifeng Qin Huang Guan Ji; in the Ming Dynasty, Wang Lv, a painter and calligrapher, wrote The Story of Entering Huashan to Xifeng; and even in the Tang Dynasty, palace examination, imperial academy, took the lotus peak as the topic. A poem by Liu Deren in Tang Dynasty entitled "Test Lotus Peak" reads:
Taihua is more than 1,, and it's the only peak.
when autumn is lonely, you look like a lotus.
a green flower is in danger.
a hairy girl's show is full of spirit and feathers.
the reflection closes the road, and the fragrance excites the temple pine.
the dust is too late, and the chariots and horses are narrow.
Nanfeng
Nanfeng is 216.5 meters above sea level, which is the highest main peak of Huashan Mountain and the highest peak of the Five Mountains. The ancients respectfully called it "the head of Huashan Mountain". Climbing to the top of Nanfeng, I feel that the sky is close at hand and the stars can be picked. Looking around, I can see the rolling mountains, the vast expanse of the Yellow River and the vast expanse of the desert plain, so that people can truly appreciate the magnificent momentum of Huashan Mountain and enjoy the magical interest of being close to heaven and walking on clouds.
on the south side of the peak is a steep cliff, which stands upright like a cliff, and it faces a deep fault and is isolated from Sangong Mountain and Sanfeng Mountain. Nanfeng consists of one peak and two peaks, one on the east is called Songqi Peak, and the other on the west is called Luoyan Peak. It is also said that Nanfeng consists of three peaks, including the filial son peak to the west of Luoyan Peak. In this way, the Wild Goose Peak is the highest, the Pine Castanopsis Peak is in the east, and the Filial Son Peak is in the west. The overall image is a round-backed chair, and the three peaks are like a giant sitting facing north. Yuan Hongdao, a Ming Dynasty man, described the image of Nanfeng in his book "Huashan Ji" and said: "If a person sits in danger, he will lead his knees."
The origin of the name "Wild Goose Peak" is said to be that returning geese often fall and rest here. The highest point of the summit is the top of Huashan Mountain, and climbers are proud of being able to climb to the top. Literati of past dynasties often expressed great pride here, and wrote poems with great enthusiasm, and so on, so they left a lot of poems for later generations. The inscriptions on the cliff on the summit are even more dazzling, and they can be found everywhere. In his Miscellanies of Yunxian, Feng Zhi recorded that Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, climbed to Nanfeng and sighed: "This mountain is the highest, and the breath can make sense of the Emperor of Heaven. I wish I didn't bring Xie Tiao's amazing sentence to scratch my head and ask the sky." Kou Zhun, a famous figure in the Song Dynasty, wrote, "Only the sky is above, and there is no mountain and harmony. Raise your head, the sun is near, bow your head, and the white clouds are low. There are many landscapes around Luoyan Peak, with Yangtianchi and Black Dragon Pool at the highest point, and Anyu Zhenren niche and welcoming pine on the southwest cliff.
the pine cypress peak is slightly lower than the wild goose peak, but the wild goose peak is larger in area. At the peak, Qiao Songju covered the sky and covered the sun, so it was called Songju Peak. Wang Hong, a famous Confucian in Huayin, wrote that Songbing Peak is the master of Nanfeng. Baidi Temple, also known as Jintian Palace, is built on the peak, which is the main temple of Shao Hao, the god of Huashan Mountain. Because the roof of the main hall in the temple is covered with iron tiles, some people call it the iron tile hall. There are many landscapes around Songqi Peak, mainly including Baguachi, Nantianmen, Chaoyuan Cave, the plank road in the sky, Quanzhen Rock, Avoidance Rock, Eagle Wing Stone, Yanggong Pavilion and so on.
There are many poems describing the South Peak of Huashan Mountain in the past dynasties. Wang Lv, a painter of Ming Dynasty, wrote the poem "The South Peak":
Scratching the smell and asking the sky, I left Li Chenxian.
after the meal, I will return to the greedy and quiet guest and fly to the highest peak.
Breathing out HarmonyOS is superior to Tai Chi.
how can Mao long borrow it until the edge of the five cities?
north peak
the north peak is 1614 meters above sea level, which is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, so it is named because it is located in the north. The North Peak is suspended on all sides, crowned by Jing Yun, and connected with the earth. It stands out like a cloud platform, so it is also called Yuntai Peak. Tang Li Bai's poem "Song of Xiyue Yuntai to Send Danqiuzi" once wrote: "The three peaks are as ready to be destroyed, and the Cui Cliff Dangu is high. Bai Di's gold is full of vitality, and the stone is a lotus cloud. "
The peak is adjacent to Bai Yunfeng in the north, Liangzhang Mountain in the east, the three peaks in the east, west and south, and the dangerous road in the ditch and gorge in the lower part. The peak head is spliced by several groups of huge stones, which is natural. There is a platform at the top, and there was a leaning cloud pavilion, but now there is a site, which is a good place to look at Huashan Mountain in the south and black dragon Mountain. The trees at the peak waist are lush and delicate, which is an ideal resting place on the way to climb the top of Huashan Mountain. The cable car opened in 1996 stood on the east wall of the peak.
There are many scenic spots on the peak, such as Zhenwu Hall, Jiaogong Stone Chamber, Changchun Stone Chamber, Jade Girl Window, Xianyou Gong, Shentu Cliff, Yunting Pavilion, Laojun Hanging Plow, Tieniutai, Baiyun Wonderland Stone Archway and so on, and all the scenic spots are accompanied by beautiful myths and legends.
The stone chamber in Changchun was the seclusion place of Taoist Du Beiqian during the Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Du Beiqian painstakingly cultivated broken grains and liked to play the flute. He often asked his disciples to buy many bamboo flutes. After playing a song, he threw the flute under the cliff, bought it after throwing it, and started again and again, thus interrupting. Because he can't afford to live in a cliff cave, he named himself Mr. Changchun.
Zhenwu Hall is dedicated to Emperor Zhenwu, the northern god guarding Kyushu. Jiaogong Stone Chamber, Xianyou Gong and Shentu Cliff are all named after the legend of Jiaodaoguang. According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a Taoist priest lived alone in Yuntai Peak, eating chardonnay and drinking dew, avoiding the valley, and there were often three bluebirds around him, reporting to him about the future. When Emperor Yuwen Yong heard his name, he went to Shanting and asked, and ordered a palace to be built in front of Jiaogong Stone Room for him to live in. When the palace was built, there was no soil on the peak and there was no lamp oil. When Jiao Daoguang prayed silently, there was soil pouring out from the cliff. The oil in the tank is also complacent overnight and inexhaustible. Later, people called the place where the earth poured in Shentu Cliff and the place where the oil tank was put called Xianyou Gong.
Due to natural and man-made disasters, many landscapes in Beifeng have been destroyed, leaving only relics, some of which are little known because of their age. Zhenwu Hall, the main building of Beifeng, has been renovated for thousands of years. "Hua Yuezhi's sequel" contains: "In recent years, the building was destroyed by the temple foundation, and the middle of the Yellow River was on the first floor, which is a grand view of Ning Fei!" During the Cultural Revolution, the buildings in the North Peak were destroyed by fire, and only broken walls was left. This building was rebuilt in 1988. Depending on the cliff, it is simple and elegant, preserving the style of the original building and becoming one of the main cultural landscapes in Beifeng.
On the eve of the liberation of Huayin in 1949, Han Zipei, the Commissioner of the Eighth Administrative Supervision District of Shaanxi Province of the Kuomintang and the brigade commander of the Sixth Brigade of Shaanxi Security, led more than 1 remnants to flee to Huashan, in an attempt to make a final struggle by relying on natural hazards. China People's Liberation Army, with the help of Huayin people, broke the legend that "Huashan has been a road since ancient times", climbed the North Peak from Huang Fu Valley, surprised the bandits, and created a miracle that magic soldiers leapt over the natural barrier and heroes outsmarted Huashan. Today, a stone pavilion carved with granite and carved with hexagonal eaves and a bucket arch is built 1 meters in front of Zhenwu Hall, and there is a monument to the liberation of Huashan in the middle of the pavilion. Since then, Beifeng has become the scene and classroom for patriotism education and revolutionary tradition education for young people.
zhongfeng
zhongfeng is located in the center of the east, west and south peaks, and it is a small peak attached to the west side of the east peak. In ancient times, it was counted as a part of the east peak, and now it is listed as one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain. On the peak, the trees are lush, the environment is quiet, and many exotic flowers and herbs are unknown. Visitors walk through them, and the sleeves are forbidden. There is a Jade Goddess Temple at the head of the peak, which is said to be the place where Nong Yu, a woman from Qin Mugong, cultivated herself in the Spring and Autumn Period, so the peak is also called Yunv Mountain.
According to the historical records, Nong Yu, a female in Qin Mugong, is peerless and well-versed in temperament. She played flute and sang with Shaw History, a hermit of Huashan Mountain, in a dream one night, and they became husband and wife. Because of being tired of court life, Lapras from both sides came to Huashan Mountain.
most of the landscapes in zhongfeng are related to the story of Nong Yu in Shaw History. Such as star jade cliff, jade cave, jade stone horse, jade shampoo tray, etc. The Jade Maiden Temple was built at the peak. It is said that Qin Mugong came to Huashan after his daughter, but found nothing. In desperation, he had to build a shrine to commemorate it. There was originally a statue of a jade girl in the temple, as well as a dragon bed, a phoenix crown and a gown, which were all destroyed by natural and man-made disasters. This shrine was rebuilt for later generations, and the statue of Jade Girl was rebuilt in 1983. Its appearance is dignified and beautiful, simple and rigorous.
There are other landscapes on the peak, such as stone turtle, rootless tree and sacrifice tree, and the related rumors are full of fun, which enriches the connotation of zhongfeng from different angles and adds magic and beauty to zhongfeng.
The ancients wrote many poems about Jade Daughter and Yunv Mountain. In his poem "Looking at Yue", Du Fu of Tang Dynasty has the sentence "An De immortal has nine sticks and leans to the jade girl to wash her hair". Tang Wanghan has a poem "Giving a star jade altar to send Lian Cha Wei Hua Yin"; In Ming Gu Xianzheng's poem "Climbing Huashan Mountain", there are sentences such as "There are 3, realms of golden gods and statues, and a jade girl wears makeup on the 12th floor". These poems are the icing on the cake of Zhongfeng, and they are rare and valuable materials for studying Zhongfeng.
Yuquan Courtyard
Yuquan Courtyard is a quanzhen Taoist temple with names in northern China, and it is also one of the main places for Taoist activities in China. It was built by Taoist Jia Desheng for his master Chen Tuan during the reign of Emperor You of Song Shenzong in 149-151. After several times of destruction and repair, it was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that the scale of the temple was now known as Xiyi Temple, which was named after Song Taizu gave Chen Tuan No.S "Mr. Xiyi".