The relationship between Chen Zilong and Liu Rushi was once talked about in the Qing Dynasty, but it was further revealed by Mr. Chen Yinque's A Biezhuan of Liu Rushi. According to the textual research of Biography of Liu Rushi, in the spring and summer of Chongzhen eight years, Chen and Liu lived together briefly, and their feelings were quite deep. However, it will not be harmonious in the end. First, because Chen's wife, Zhang Ru, and others are incompatible, Liu does not want to be a concubine. Second, because Chen's economic situation at that time could not meet Liu's requirements. This analysis is reasonable, but only < P > tells the external cause of their final breakup. There are two internal reasons for the love affair between Chen and Liu: First, Chen is influenced by the increasingly conservative taxi style and has no courage to act against the etiquette; Second, Chen's attitude towards women is quite traditional, which is contrary to Liu's concept of pursuing equality and freedom.
Liu was praised by many celebrities after living in Songjiang, and had a brief love affair with Li Daiwen and Song Zhengyu, but he didn't find a final home, which was related to the relatively conservative folk customs in Songjiang at that time. In the 14th year of Chongzhen, Qian Qianyi married Liu with the ceremony of first marriage, when his wife, Mrs. Chen, was still at home. This impolite move aroused the indignation of the gentry in Songjiang, throwing rubble at him and almost punching him, which shows the strength of orthodoxy in Songjiang's world style. Therefore, although Chen is a romantic poet, he does not dare to destroy the purged family atmosphere. According to Wang? According to the Biography of Three Worlds of Bitterness, Zhang Ruren was "born with sensitivity and filial piety" and was regarded as a female teacher by "three parties". With such a serious and shrewd wife at home, Chen Ziran can't have no scruples. Although Zhang Ruren did not object to Chen's concubinage, and even took the initiative to choose a concubine for her husband, she took "a good son" as the selection criterion. Liu such a prostitute, she naturally can't accept it. What's more, Zhang Ruren and Chen's grandmother supported him. Chen Zilong was brought up by his grandmother and had great respect for her. Although he is bold and open-minded, he is sincere with Liu, but as a prostitute, he destroys the peace of the family, bears the reputation of disobedience to his grandmother, and even is condemned by public opinion, which is what he does not want. Chen grew up in the late Ming Dynasty, the liberation of personality has passed, and the ideological circle has been bathed in the wind of learning. Coupled with Songjiang's conservative social atmosphere, Chen does not have the shocking courage like Qian Qianyi, who is known as the "prodigal son of Donglin", to get rid of etiquette and give Liu Di a position and full respect when dealing with emotional problems. Chen is ten years older than Liu and has a wife and three concubines all his life. In the winter of the first year of Chongzhen, he married Zhang Ruren. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, he and Liu had been in close contact, but at the same time he took Chua as his concubine. And this winter, when he went north to visit Yangzhou, he wanted to choose a woman he liked more, which shows that Chen was romantic and affectionate when he was young. Therefore, although he appreciates and loves Liu, he will never have the feeling that Qian Qianyi, with a 6-year-old old man, got a youthful and beautiful, versatile and affectionate Liu Rushi.
Furthermore, Chen's idea of treating women is constrained by etiquette and demands women by traditional morality, which conflicts with Liu's idea of pursuing free will. Judging from various biographical data, Liu is a generous, intelligent and affectionate strange girl. She likes to dress up as a man and socialize with celebrities. Gu Ling's "Biography of Hedong Jun in Taying Garden" records that when she first visited Qian Qianyi, she was "wearing a towel and bow shoes, wearing a man's suit, and giving it to her mouth, and her expression was scattered and there was a disadvantage in the forest." According to legend, when she visited Chen in Songjiang, she also called herself "female brother" on the name thorn. It can be seen that although Liu is a famous prostitute, she doesn't want to treat people with color, and wants to win the respect of celebrities with her talent. This kind of behavior of hers, which was named as "Birthday Release" at that time, was actually just a woman who was in the dust but outstanding in talent and pursued independent personality, and tried hard to seek gender equality in the patriarchal society at that time. Her attempt is also manifested in her poetic creation full of masculinity, as Song Zhengbi, a gifted scholar in Songjiang, appreciated, "the narrative is passionate and never makes boudoir language", such as her poem "To Song Shangmu" written for Song Zhengbi, in which "the discipline is scattered and the discipline is generous." And on what's going on in the world, I feel hurt for me "and other statements, sonorous and full of masculinity, really don't like what women do. Liu shows her masculine side in this way, just to show the men around her that she is of the same kind and has the same outstanding talent as them, so as to seek an equal relationship and equal personality with them.
Therefore, in the process of choosing a spouse, Liu is particularly difficult and cautious, because outside two of a kind, she needs the other party to give her equality and respect, and give her room to play freely. However, Chen's attitude towards women can't meet her requirements. Chen has a new Yuefu "Fan Yangjing", which describes the fact that the women of Xiao Lian's Fan Shizhen family collectively threw themselves into the well to protect their chastity in the war: "Men are pale and yellow, and they call themselves women: Qing is self-sufficient! Answer that the cloud is not worthy of you, and there is no trouble. " In the poem, those women who neither add the burden of fleeing to men, but also keep their chastity and do not add a sense of moral insult to men are respected and commended by Chen, but the selfish men who only care about their own lives and leave a family of women and children in danger are not criticized by him. It can be seen that Chen's moral requirements for women are completely consistent with that era and even more conservative. If he really married a woman like Liu, I'm afraid it's hard to digest. Therefore, it is quite interesting to look at a record in Gu Ling's "Biography of Hedong Jun": "Xiao Lian is a concubine in the cloud, and Xiao Lian can write articles, work with calligraphy, and teach him to write poems. Charming, charming and curious, especially for birthdays. Xiao Lian thanked him. " "Filial piety in the clouds" is Chen Zilong, but Liu didn't marry him as a concubine. At most, she was just a "foreign wife". From this passage, we can see that Chen Liu's fate eventually broke down. Apart from the family and economic reasons mentioned by Mr. Chen Yinque, Chen Wufu's "birthday" is also one of the important factors. If Chen had to give up Liu in Chongzhen for eight years only because of poor economic conditions or his wife's opposition, Chen's status and position had been greatly improved from the time he was a scholar in Chongzhen for ten years to the time Liu married Qian Qianyi in Chongzhen for fourteen years, during which he took Bo's and Shen Shi as his concubines, and he had every chance to renew his old love with Liu. However, second time around's beautiful things didn't happen to them, which shows their differences in personality and ideas, which is also an important reason why they didn't get together in the end.
Qian Qianyi loves and respects Liu after he marries her. More importantly, he can give Liu full freedom. After Liu married, she often wore Confucian clothes and went out to receive guests, so Qian Qianyi praised her as "Liu Confucian scholar". If I were Chen, I'm afraid I can't allow my wives and concubines to behave like this. Facts have proved that Liu is indeed a respectable woman. Qian Qianyi, a senior official of the Hong Guang Imperial Court in the Southern Ming Dynasty, took the lead in welcoming the surrender when the Qing army went south, but Liu wanted to dive and die. Liu's independent and unyielding personality and unyielding behavior are not only far superior to Qian Qianyi who is afraid of death, but also not inferior to Chen Zilong who is determined to serve the country. Chen has a poem "Jiangchengzi begins to fall ill and ends in spring":
A curtain of sick pillow is at five o'clock. Xiaoyun is empty, and the volume is red. Ruthless spring scenery, when will it go? Add a thousand lines of tears to my eyes, but I can't stay, and I am in a hurry.
the grass in Wuyuan of Chu Palace is tender. Love the fragrant bushes and swim around the bees. It is expected that in the coming year, I will meet you in the picture. People laugh when they are sad, and dance with the east wind with swallows.
Mr. Chen Yinque concluded that this word was written by Chen Xiangsi when Liu left in the early summer of Chongzhen in the eighth year. In fact, this word was written by Chen and Yunjian when they were singing in the fourth year of Shunzhi. At this time, Liu returned to Qian Qianyi early, and Chen Zilong was soon arrested for resisting the Qing Dynasty. The affair between them was as early as "ruthless spring scenery, when will it go?" It is only from the colorful poems, especially the poems chanting secret affairs, that we can still feel the influence of the emotional experience of youth on his creation. And after breaking up with Liu, Chen also wrote a preface for her "Wuyin Grass", and she still has contacts with Qian Qianyi, so she is worthy of being a modest gentleman.