Tang Yin's great-grandfather has been doing business in Suzhou for generations, and his parents have opened a restaurant in Gao Qiao. Tang Yin was gifted since childhood, and he was familiar with four books and five classics, and exhibited historical books such as Historical Records and Selected Works of Zhaoming. Chen Zhou, a famous painter who loves painting and is good at it, studied under Shen Zhou. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he took the boys' exam and passed the county exam, the government exam and the academy exam, ranking first in high school. In the 11th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), he went to Beijing and obtained the first place in Xieyuan. The following year, Tang Yin went to Beijing to audition and was demoted as a Zhejiang official on suspicion of taking bribes in Cheng. Tang Yin was ashamed of being an official. After returning to China, he indulged in drinking and was arrogant and unruly.
At the age of 365,438+0, Tang Yin began to "walk the Wan Li Road", covering Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. Being poor, I make a living by selling paintings. Tang Yin is good at painting landscapes and meticulous figures, especially ladies, with elegant and clever brushwork. "Tang painting" was inherited by later painters. Works handed down from ancient times include Riding a Donkey, Autumn Wind and Sailing, Li, Marriage of a lifetime, Song of Mountain Road and so on. Poetry includes the complete works of six rulers.
In the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509), Tang Yin built a room in Taohuawu, including Xuepu Hall, Mengmo Pavilion, Zhuxi Pavilion, Mosquito Butterfly Zhai, etc. (Also known as Tangjiayuan, now located in Taohuawu Street). He lived mainly in Taohuawu for the rest of his life, and his major works of art were also produced here.
In his later years, Tang Yin's spirit was empty, and he "converted to Buddhism, named Liu Ru". His thoughts tended to get rid of depression and he renamed his house buddhist nun. In the second year of Ming Jiajing (1523), Tang Yin died at the age of 54. Tang Yin's Tomb, located in huqiu district, was renovated and opened to the public on October 22nd, 1986.
Ladies' painting reached its peak because of its natural and elegant, wild and uninhibited features, and the seal of "the first romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River", so it was misunderstood by later generations, leaving many romantic legends, such as "Tang Bohu Chou Xiang San Fen" and so on. In fact, his life was bumpy, poor and miserable. It can be described as a typical example of China's ancient intellectuals' unsatisfied ability to serve the country.
Wen Zhiming (1470- 1559) was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu. He was a famous painter and calligrapher in the middle of Ming Dynasty. He, Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Chou Ying are also called "Four Masters of Wumen". Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing, they are called "Four Great Talents in the South of the Yangtze River". In his later years, he kept pace with his mentor Shen Zhou and became the leader of Wumen after Shen Zhou. During the period from Zheng De to Jiajing, according to the book History of Wumen Painting, there were 876 talented painters in Wu Pai, but only Shen Zhou and others were outstanding and famous at that time.
Wen Zhiming's early fame and fortune career was not smooth. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people who passed the examinations at all levels and passed the examinations in Shangguan, Zhou and County schools were generally called "students" or "Jinshi". Wen Zhiming took the exam at the age of a student, and passed it at the age of 53 in the first year of Jiajing (A.D. 1522), but failed to pass it, so he was a teenager. At the age of 54, he was recommended to the court in Beijing by Li Chongsi, the minister of the Ministry of Industry. After examination by the official department, he was awarded a low-paid post in imperial academy. At this time, his calligraphy and painting have gained a good reputation, and there are many requirements for his calligraphy and painting. As a result, he was jealous and excluded by his colleagues in imperial academy. Wen Zhiming was very unhappy. Since he came to Beijing in the second year, he has written a letter asking to resign and go home. His resignation report was approved three times in three years. At the age of 57, he left Beijing, sailed south and returned to Suzhou to settle down. From then on, he devoted himself to poetry and painting, stopped seeking an official position and took a show. Famous in his later years, he is known as "writing all over the world". People who bought his calligraphy and painting called him "envious of the sea and mountains" as soon as they stepped on the threshold. Wen Zhiming, who died at the age of 90, is the oldest among the "four gifted scholars in Wumen". Nearly 90 years old, he still worked tirelessly and wrote an epitaph for people. Before he finished writing, he "put down his pen and sat down and died."
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy and painting attainments are extremely comprehensive, and his poems, essays and paintings are excellent. People call it the "four unique" generalist. Although he imitated Shen Zhou, he still has his own style. He is versatile, green ink and wash, and meticulous brushwork. Mountains and rivers, people, flowers, orchids, etc.
Learn Chinese characters from Sue. Later, Wen Zhiming learned calligraphy from Young-jin Lee, who lived in Ou Yangxun. Young-jin Lee was a fair, gentle and clean person. Although he is not a master of calligraphy, he is a calligraphy educator. He is Zhu Zhishan's father-in-law and Wen Zhiming's first teacher. He not only passed on all his learning experience to Wen Zhiming, but also encouraged him to break through the tradition and be brave in innovation. When Wen Zhiming was 22 years old, Li Yingzhen read his Su Shu and said to Wen Zhiming, "How can we follow in the footsteps of others?" ? Let's learn to be Wang Xizhi, just someone else's ears! "These words affected Wen Zhiming.
Wen Zhiming is famous for being good at all kinds of calligraphy in history, especially at running script and small letters. Wang Shizhen commented in Yi Yan Yuan: "Wen Zhiming, who is about to make an imperial edict, is famous for his lower case letters, and his followers are familiar with it. His unique seal script writing is not inferior to others, but he himself has become a useful product. The book "Thousand Articles" has four styles, and the script is absolutely exquisite. There are "Huang Ting" and "legacy education" brushwork, and the style is light and moist. It can be called the jade version of "winning religion", and the official script is also wonderful in "Zen". Seal script is the style of Jin, Jin and Yang Bing, and regular script has a small method, which is commendable. "
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy is warm and graceful, steady and mature, rigorous in statutes and vivid in conception. Although there is no vigorous momentum, it has the charm of calligraphy in Jin and Tang Dynasties. His book style is less angry, and in his freehand brushwork, he often reveals a gentle and elegant atmosphere. Perhaps the ups and downs of his official career have killed his spirit of death, but he is a late bloomer and his style is becoming more and more calm. His masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include "A drunkard's sake is not wine", "Preface to Wang Teng-ting", "Fu on the Red Wall", "Poem of Fisherman", "Li Sao" and "Beishan Translation".
Zhu Zhishan
Zhu Yunming (1460- 1526), whose real name is Xizhe, was named Shan Zhi because his left hand had six fingers at birth, and was also called "Zhu Zhishan" and "Zhu Jingzhao". Changzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu) people. Ming Hongzhi for five years (1492) served as the magistrate of Xingning County, Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), the official arrived in Yingtianfu (now Nanjing). In the second year of Jiajing (1523), Li returned due to illness. Jiajing died in the fifth year (1526) at the age of 67. Zhu Yunming has shown many artistic talents since he was a child. At the age of five, you can write big characters, and at the age of nine, you can write poems. Zhu Yunming specializes in calligraphy and is also good at poetry. His books, Li, Kai, Xing and Cao all worked hard, especially cursive. His poems are rich in materials and the words are quite beautiful; His writing style is even more exotic and unrestrained. Handed down from ancient times, Mo Ben, Cao Shu, Poems of Falling Flowers, Fu to Luoshen and Fu to Front and Back on the Red Wall are his representative works. He is the author of Huai Xing Tang Ji (30 volumes), Su Cai Bian Xiao, Zhu Xi's criminal knowledge, Reading Notes and Qian Wen Ji. And wrote xingning county annals. With Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong". In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Suzhou, China was developed in industry and commerce, and there were many literati. Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and Wang Chong, the "Three Wuzhong Schools", all grew up in Suzhou, and their achievements in calligraphy art are outstanding and far-reaching. They are the representative calligraphers in China in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and occupy an important position in the history of calligraphy in China. The achievements of calligraphy art in the middle of Ming Dynasty, represented by Zhu, Wen and Wang, lie in their bold innovation and unique style on the basis of inheriting the excellent calligraphy art tradition of Wei, Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, which broke through the cover of "pavilion style" in the calligraphy world since the early Ming Dynasty, swept away the "decadent school" and opened up a new road of calligraphy art, and was called "the revival of calligraphy world" in Ming Dynasty. Among the "Three Schools in Wuzhong", Zhu Yunming's achievements in calligraphy art are the most outstanding. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen commented in the Book of Changes: "The calligraphy in the world belongs to Wu, and it is willing to be the best, and the text is waiting for the Ming Dynasty, following the love of Wang Gongshi." The book Ming Shan Cang claims that Zhu Yunming's calligraphy is "the first in the country", and Zhu Yunming had excellent conditions to learn calligraphy when he was young. He is the grandson of Xu Youzhen, a famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, and the son-in-law of Li Yingzhen. Xu Youzhen was good at cursive writing, and studied under Zhang Xu and Huai Su in the Tang Dynasty. Young-jin Lee's seal, official, mold, thread and grass all work. Zhu Yunming studied under two elders and became the most representative calligrapher in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Wen Zhiming summed it up as: "At an early age, the model method was elegant and honest, practical, bold and unconstrained, and formed its own family out of the beauty of the older father and the beauty of the second father." As an adult, Zhu Yunming attached great importance to the study and reference of traditional calligraphy art, and directly absorbed nutrition from the calligraphy of Wei, Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Ancient places of interest abound. Wang Shizhen said in "Yi Yan Yuan": "Jing Zhaokai has been in charge of Meishan, Zhang Yu and Xiangyang since Changyuan, Erwang, Yongshi and Secret Supervisor, and it is impossible to write works." "I hope that the philosophy book is exquisite, and when I am in a hurry, I will catch it in (Heather) Zhao (Meng Wei). For thousands of years, I failed to learn its structure and became famous. Zhu Yunming wrote in "Famous Books on Huai and Wen Style and After Gu Sixun's Collection": "All modern schools are based on books. "This is a high summary of Zhu Yunming's correct handling of the relationship between inheritance and innovation in the practice of calligraphy art, and it is also an important reason for his outstanding achievements. On the basis of observing the traces of ancient calligraphy and mastering the brushwork and statutes of all kinds of calligraphy, Zhu Yunming can seriously understand the temperament and momentum of all kinds of calligraphy, tacitly understand its brushwork, font structure and composition, and successfully integrate all kinds of statutes and verve into one furnace, making the best use of everything, and sometimes bringing forth new ideas and writing freely. This method of "taking meaning" and its artistic practice made him the most accomplished calligrapher at that time.
Xu Zhenqing (1479-151year) is called Long Valley and Guo Chang. A native of Meili Town, Changshu, he moved to Wuxian (now Suzhou). Ming dynasty writers. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is praised by people because of the quatrain that "every family in Jiangzuo is rich in jade and Yangzhou is full of flowers and trees".
Xu Zhenqing was born smart, but not very liberal. 16 years old wrote "Qian Xin Collection", which is famous in Wuzhong. However, he tried many times in his early years. After reading Li Sao, he wrote a collection of sighs. You Jiang Ji, written in the 14th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (150 1 year). In the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1503), he co-edited New Records of Taihu Lake with Wen Zhiming. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), I heard that Tatar invaded and the officers and men failed in the Anti-Japanese War, so I wrote a long poem "You Yu Tai". In the same year, he was buried, and was awarded the deputy curator of the left temple of Dali Temple. In the fifth year of Ming Dynasty (15 10), he was demoted to Dr. imperial academy.
Xu Zhenqing occupies a special position in the field of poetry, and there are many poems, known as "Xiong Wen". Later, he befriended Li Mengyang and He Jingming, writers of the Ming Dynasty, repented, and advocated retro. Together with He Jingming, Bian Gong, Kang Hai and Wang, they are called "the first seven sons". Qin Yi Lu, written by him, only talks about the Han and Wei Dynasties, but ignores the theory of restoring ancient ways after the Six Dynasties. His poems are elegant in style and gallop between Han and Tang Dynasties. Although deliberately retro, there is still a romantic feeling in Wuzhong.
Xu Zhenqing believed in Taoism in his later years and studied health preservation. In the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (15 1 1), Zheng De died in the capital at the age of 33, and his tomb was located at the northern end of Yujiabang, Wandian Bridge at the foot of Huqiu Mountain. Xu Huiqing's other works include The Land, Yi Wen and Lin Yi.