Jian Zhen (688-763)
Jian Zhen was a monk who went to Japan to preach in the Tang Dynasty and was the founder of Japanese legalism. Tangchui company
Born in Jiangyang County, Yangzhou in (688), the common surname is Chunyu, and he became a monk at the age of fourteen from Zhiman Zen Master.
For Shami, in the first year of Shenlong (705), he got a lawyer's bodhisattva amulet on Gwangju Road, the first year of Jinglong.
(707), studied in Luoyang, the eastern capital, then went to Xijing Chang 'an, and the following year, studied in Chang 'an Actual Temple.
Lawyer Heng Jing was bound feet. Both lawyers were great moralists at that time. Road Bank (654
—7 17) is a disciple of Daoxuan, and Wen Gang (636—727) is a lawyer of Daxing Nanshan.
Jianghuai people (Biography of Song Monks, Volume 14). Hengjing (634-712) was first introduced.
Wen Gang was punished, and later he came to yuquan temple, Jingzhou to study Tiantai Zhiguan, which made him famous for a while ("Gao Song").
Biography of Monks (Volume V). Under the influence of these famous teachers, Jian Zhen learned Sanzang in a few years.
Law. Later, he studied Taoism's "four-law notes" and "abstinence from ink".
Measuring and measuring instruments; From Yiwei, Zhiquan, Daliang and so on. , I studied the "four"
The law is sparse. Jin Yuan is the lofty foot of Nanshan Daoxuan, Yi Wei is a disciple of Daoan, and Liang Da is a Dharma.
The disciples were satisfied with the law. These relations between teachers and students and the cultivation of legal literacy were all taught by Jian Zhen later.
There are more and more reasons for great achievements in the world.
In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), Jian Zhen was 46 years old. At this time, he has learned to be famous.
So I returned to Yangzhou from Chang 'an, where I practiced hard to preach dharma and precept for ten years and became famous.
Broadcasting became a master of law in Jianghuai at that time. The Biography of Song Monks says that he has.
Thirty-five disciples, each advocating one side, * * * Hongshi Sect. He also built many temples.
There are also Buddha statues, three Tibetan scriptures, and social undertakings such as helping orphans and poor diseases.
Personally decocting and dispensing medicines for patients. In the long-term engagement in these many activities, he mastered a lot at that time.
Cultural achievements, accumulated a lot of practical leadership experience, United and trained a group.
Professional and technical personnel. All these prepared favorable conditions for his later eastward crossing to Japan.
Rong Rui and Pu Zhao, Japanese monks, were equal to the Tang Dynasty master Dan Yong in the 21st year of Kaiyuan.
Guang Cheng came to study in China. At the same time, they also have the task of inviting China missionaries to preach in Japan.
First, please ask lawyer Daolong (702-760) of Dafuxian Temple in Luoyang to take the Japanese envoy's boat.
Go to Japan to prepare the official lecture first.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), Rong Rui and Pu Zhao studied in China for ten years. male
Students never forget the mission of asking teachers to preach the precepts, and they have made a lot of efforts to this end. They entrusted Prime Minister Li.
His brother Zong Lin wrote to Cao Li of Cao Cao in Yangzhou, asking him to build a boat and prepare food for Dongdu, and invited him at the same time.
Visited Sang Daoxing in Xijing, Cheng Guan, Du Dong monk Deqing, Korean monk Ruhai, Japanese classmate monk Xuan Lang,
Fa Xuan went to Yangzhou to visit Jian Zhen. In October this year, Jian Zhen gave a lecture in daming temple, Yangzhou.
Yelu Rong Rui and Zhao went to see Zhao together and earnestly prayed that Du Dong could preach this commandment. At that time, Jian Zhen replied that the Japanese.
It is a "country of destiny", so I asked my disciples who would like to be invited to Japan to preach the law. Dazhong mo
But for a long time, no one answered. So disciple Xiang Yan said that Japan and China are traveling across the ocean.
Dangerous, tourists rarely arrive safely, and we are "not ready for further study, but we can't succeed".
So we dare not say. Jian Zhen said, "Why should we cherish life?" ? If people don't go,
I'll go to the ear! "His disciples were encouraged by him, and Xiang He first expressed his willingness to go with the teacher. receive
2 1 people such as Youdao Airlines and Situo expressed their willingness to go with them.
After Jian Zhen accepted the invitation and decided to go east, he immediately started planning and entered in the winter of that year.
He made preparations such as shipbuilding, during which he was assisted by Li Cuo. In the following spring.
Before leaving, Daoxing thought that this trip to the East was to preach the precepts, and all the monks who went there demanded good conduct.
It is suggested that people who study less, such as Hai, should not follow. This incident caused great dissatisfaction like the sea, and then went to
Huainan interview hall falsely accused Daohang of building a ship into the sea and colluding with pirates, which caused a big storm.
After the investigation by state officials, the results were untrue, and only the ships built were confiscated, and sundry items were also lied to the monks, such as Hai Zuo.
After being charged, Rong Rui and Pu Zhao were sent back to China as usual. This is the first setback for Jian Zhen's eastward crossing.
Rong Rui and Guo Zi didn't achieve their goal, so they asked Xuan Lang and Faxuan to go back to Japan first. they
They overcame many difficulties before pleading with Jian Zhen. Jian Zhen comforted them and said
We should actively create conditions to achieve our goals. At the same time, the client bribed Liu, the ambassador who interviewed Lingnan Road.
A military ship hired 18 flight attendants and prepared a large number of Buddha statues, classics, documents,
Famous incense, coins, steamed buns, hemp boots, grain, medicinal materials, sucrose, etc. And Xiang Yan, Dao Xing,
Deqing, Rong Rui, Zhao Pu, Situo and other 17 people, as well as jade carving craftsmen, painters, carvers and casters.
There are 185 craftsmen who write, embroider, write and carve inscriptions. Tianbao two years (74.
3)/kloc-go to the east by boat in October/February. When the ship reached Langgoupu, it was broken by bad wind and waves. This is the second one.
The second setback. Jian Zhen and his party went ashore in the cold wave, and after some efforts, they were repaired.
The ship left again and stayed in Xia for a month. After the wind cleared, I planned to go to Sangshi Mountain, but it was stormy again.
The ship was damaged, but fortunately there were no casualties, but the water and rice were exhausted, and I was hungry for three days and arrived at the local state capital.
The official relief was placed in Asoka Temple in Mingzhou (now Ningbo), which was the third year of Tianbao (74.
4) Early spring. this is
The third setback.
At this time, the monk of longxing temple in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing) heard that Jian Zhen was in Mingzhou, so he invited him to go first.
Pass the precepts; The temples in Hangzhou, Huzhou and Sentencing (now Xuancheng) also gave lectures, and he visited them in turn.
Open the precepts and return to Asoka Temple. Some Yuezhou disciples did not want him to go abroad, so they went.
Court officials accused Rong Rui of luring Jian Zhen to Japan, and Rong Rui was arrested and sent to Chang 'an via Hangzhou.
State, parole for medical treatment in spite of illness, after several twists and turns, can get rid of the predicament. I saw Hepu.
According to the hardships of preparing the calendar, I don't regret it, and I am deeply impressed by it. So I sent Fajin and others to Fuzhou to buy it.
Transport and buy food. He led more than 30 people, including Xiang Yan, Rong Rui, Zhao Pu and Stowe.
People go out of Asoka Temple to visit Tiantai Mountain, pass by Linhai and Huangyan, and want to go abroad from Wenzhou to Fuzhou by boat.
Unexpectedly, Lingyou, a disciple of Yangzhou, discussed with the heads of the temples and said, "Master and I made a wish to Japan.
It's hard to climb mountains and go to sea at home for several years, and Wan Li is unpredictable. You can sue the official and hide it.
Live. "So please get jiangdong interview, send messengers to track and intercept. what
He was sent back to Yangzhou Ben Temple under strict protection. According to The Journey to the West's records, at that time, the vassal States said
Vulgar, I heard that the big monk came back and came to celebrate. The only big monk was sad and called him spiritual blessing.
I haven't seen a smile for months. Ling You and the heads of the temples have been repenting and thanking each other before they began to smile. this is
The fourth setback of Jian Zhen's eastward crossing.
In the spring of the seventh year of Tianbao (748), Rong Rui and Pu Zhao came to Yangzhou from Tongan County at the age of.
Jian Zhen, 60, is still full of confidence, preparing for the eastward crossing, actively building ships and making all preparations.
As prepared in the second year of Tianbao. The Taoist customs in Yangzhou have been inspired and moved by Jian Zhen again and again, and they are all sympathetic.
Yes, there are Xiang Yan, Shencang, Guangyi, Epiphany, Daozu, Rugao, Deqing, Japanese Things, Situo and so on.
Twelve people, together with Rong Rui, fourteen people are in Zhao Pu, eighteen sailors and others who are willing to accompany them.
* * * 35 people. On June 7, Gansu started from Yangzhou and arrived at the border of Langshan in Changzhou, where it was hit by wind and waves. Later,
To the Yuezhou border, Santashan and Xiafeng Mountain will stop for one month each. Set sail again in October, and there will be angry waves soon.
To, drifting at sea 14 days, after numerous obstacles, it finally drifted to Zhou Zhen (now.
Yaxian). Under the escort of local officials, he crossed Wan 'an County (now Wanning) eastward.
Then take Chengmai across the sea to Leizhou. From then on, I passed through Tengzhou and Wuzhou in Guangxi and arrived in Guangxi, where I was.
Stay for a year and then be invited to Guangzhou. Rong Rui, a Japanese monk, went through difficulties and obstacles to longxing temple, Duanzhou.
Seriously ill, the election moved away, and Jian Zhen mourned and sent him away. I lived in Guangzhou for a spring,
Go to Shaozhou again and stop at Kaiyuan Temple. Pu Zhao said goodbye to Jian Zhen here and went to Ashoka in Shanbei Mingzhou.
Temple, parting, Jian Zhen and Pu Zhao hold hands and cry. At this time, Jian Zhen felt that his wish to preach the precepts had failed.
Mourning Rong Rui's selfless body, being buried in a foreign country, suffering from the heat of the journey and sudden eye diseases,
Then he went blind. It was the ninth year of Tianbao (750). After Daguangling arrived in Ganzhou, it was the second time.
Jizhou, his high-footed Xiang Yan died in the boat again. Go north via Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang) and take a boat to the river.
Ning (now Nanjing), disciple Lingsheng arrived in Qixia Mountain and immediately returned to Yangzhou. This time, land and water go hand in hand.
It takes the longest and most turbulent time to return to Vandory. This is the fifth setback.
Jian Zhen's last trip to the East was in October of the 12th year of Tianbao (753), when he was six years old.
Sixteen years old. In this year, Japan sent Ambassador Tang and Deputy Ambassador Qinghe to stay in northern Hebei.
Zhenbei and Abe Chao Heng visited Jian Zhen in Yangzhou and asked Du Dong to publicize the precepts, which he resolutely allowed.
Proposed by the Ambassador of Japan. Accompanied by Fajin monks from Baita Temple in Yangzhou and Tanjing monks from Gong Chao Temple in Quanzhou,
Situ, a monk from Kaiyuan Temple in Taizhou, Yijing, a monk from Xingyun Temple in Yangzhou, Fazai and Douzhou, a monk from Ling Yao Temple in Quzhou.
There are 14 monks in Xinyi County, Guangdong Province, including Fa Cheng of Kaiyuan Temple and Ni Zhi of Tongshan Temple in Tengzhou.
People, Yangzhou Youpo Sai Pan Xiantong, Hu Guoren An Rubao, Kunlun Guoren Army Mana, Zhanbo Guoren.
24 people who are good at listening. The scriptures, images and objects brought are: Tathagata, Amitabha, pharmacists, Guanyin,
Maitreya and other statues, including Huayan Sutra, the famous Great Buddhist Sutra, Dapinjing and Daji.
Classic, southern version of Nirvana Sutra, quartering, quartering of mana and wide communication, heaven
Taiwan Province's "Stop Observing Practice", "Xuanyi", "Wen Sentence", "Four Teaching Instruments", "Stop Observing",
Six wonderful doors and so on. Ding Bin's The Story of Decorating Zong Yi, and Nanshan Road's Guan Siliang's The Story of Righteousness.
Declare and annotate this book, make notes, solve ink books, Huai Su's book,
There are 48 books, such as Biography of Bhikuni, Records of the Western Regions, and Tan Jie Tujing. Bodhi,
Violet stems, Tianzhu shoes, and original running scripts of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, great calligraphers in Jin Dynasty.
This time, I set out on a Japanese envoy's boat. In order to avoid the obstruction of Taoism and customs, I made careful arrangements in advance.
It's time for monk Zhao Pu to travel with him from Yuyao. 1 1 month 15 started from Yangzhou and passed through Suzhou.
Suzhou Huang Gan Puhang arrived at Yi Shu Island in the southwest of Jiuzhou on February 7th/KLOC-0, and arrived in Jiuzhou on February 20th.
Upp, autumn wife of Satsuma in Europe. Japan arrived in Nanpu on February 1st, the 6th year of Tian Ping Shengbao (754).
China monks worship Taoism, while others come to offer sacrifices. Enter the city of Pingcheng (namely Nara) on the 4th.
The court sent four Ann Wang Su to meet the guests outside Luocheng Gate and introduced them to Dongda Temple for resettlement. February
On the 5th, Jian Zhen and others went to Daozhuo and Indian Bodhisattva, who were preparing to give lectures, to comfort them.
Ask. Kibi No Asomi Makibi, the special envoy of the Japanese emperor, read the imperial edict, expressed comfort and welcome to Jian Zhen, and asked him
Dongda Temple set up an altar to preach the precepts. At the same time, monks are also good at identifying and recording the list of great virtues in prisons and sending them to the palace.
Jian Zhen was awarded the Exorcist Award.
At the beginning of April, under the guidance of Jian Zhen, a ring was built in front of the Pilu Buddha Temple in Dongda Temple.
Altar. This circular altar was built according to the "circular altar map" of Nanshan Daoism, but it is on the third heavy altar.
There are many pagodas, in which two Buddha statues, Sakyamuni and Duobao, are placed, which are based on Tiantai Sect in Jian Zhen.
The doctrine has changed. When Jian Zhen gave a lecture, the Japanese Emperor, Empress and Crown Prince were all below.
The first step towards the altar is to accept the precepts of Bodhisattva; He also conferred precepts on more than 440 people, including the novice monk. The great monk is blessed and virtuous.
More than eighty people, such as Jiing and Renji, abandoned the old and abandoned the old. This is the beginning of official missionary work in the history of Japanese Buddhism.
Let's begin. Later, an altar was built in the west of the Great Buddha Hall of Dongda Temple, which was famous for learning Buddhist precepts.
More and more. During the Tianpingbao period (757), the Emperor gave Jian Zhen the old house of the late Prince Shinbu as a gift.
In order to build Garland. Jian Zhen instructed his disciples to start construction until Tianpingbaozi was three years old (7
59) Upon completion, this is the "Tang Zhaoti Temple" in Benshan, Nara, Japan.
Since then, Jian Zhen has been preaching the laws of the Tang Dynasty in Zhao Ti Temple, which is highly respected by the Japanese ruling and opposition parties. Tianpingbaozi
In five years (7,665,438+0), an altar was built in the wild Yongle Temple and one in Kannonji, all of which were purple.
These two Buddhist temples, together with Toda Temple, are called the three major Buddhist temples in Japan. Jian Zhen's law is authentic in Nanshan,
There is also Xiangbu next to it, so the Japanese respectfully call him the third ancestor of Nanshan Department and the fifth ancestor of Xiangbu (Ning Ran)
Outline of the school of law). On May 6th, the seventh year of Tian Pingbao's reign (763), he disappeared in Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty.
76 years. His body was buried in the pine forest in the northeast corner of this temple. Born in Jian Zhen.
A few days ago, his disciples made a sitting statue for him, which is still enshrined in the Kaishan Hall in the temple.
As a national treasure of Japan. The Tang and Zhao Temple also houses Jian Zhen's five-volume "The Crusader Biography", which are
Lotus, a famous Japanese painter, painted in memory of their eastward spread of Buddhism.
Jian Zhen vowed to spread the precepts eastward, and after five setbacks in navigation, he arrived in Japan for the sixth time.
At that time, 36 people had died before and after their companions, and more than 200 people abandoned their hearts. Only he has learned from Japan.
Ask the monk to shine. The monk on the rooftop thinks he has been crossing six roads, regardless of his life. Twelve years later, he finally
Achieved the purpose of preaching in Japan. 1963 is the year of Jian Zhen's death 1200.
At the same time, the Buddhist and cultural circles in China held extensive and grand commemorative activities and sent representatives to each other.
In Canada and Japan, Jian Zhen's deeds were written into novels and staged into plays. Buddhism in China is a Japanese monk.
Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong) built a monument, and Rong Rui observed a moment of silence. 198
In 2000, Jian Zhen returned to China to visit relatives, and was deeply admired by the people of China and the Buddhists in Jingzhou.
Gift. Through these two commemorative activities, the friendly relations between Buddhists and people in China and Japan have been strengthened.
Jian Zhen and his disciples, in addition to law, also have a deep study of Tiantai Zongyi. They took
Among the classics of going to Japan, Tiantai is the most complete. Jian Zhen, Fajin, Rubao, Fazai,
Stowe and others have talked about Tiantai Zongyi in Zhao Ti Temple in Tang Dynasty (a brief introduction to the origin of Zhao Ti Temple in Tang Dynasty).
So they are the pioneers of Tiantai Sect spreading to Japan. Jian Zhen is experienced in building temples and statues.
After investigation, his disciples who followed him eastward, such as Stowe, Rubao and Mana, were all good at shaping Buddha statues.
An architect who carves houses and builds pagodas. Buddhist temples, lecture halls, canteens, Manjusri halls,
Fuduoduo, Dizang Hall, Shadow Hall, Kaishan Hall, Tibetan Scripture Building, Bell and Drum Tower and all the Buddha statues are all here.
Jian Zhen and his disciples planned to build it. The establishment of Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty became the later Japanese Buddhism.
For example, after the Heian Dynasty, almost all the Buddhist temples in Dabenshan were attracted by the Tang Dynasty.
The influence of temples.
Although Jian Zhen was blind when he arrived in Japan, he knew Sanzang like the back of his hand and had a super memory.
In 760 AD, Emperor Nikhito ordered Dongda Temple to correct all the classics, because it came from China.
Jian Zhen corrected many mistakes in Japanese classics with his memory and understanding.
According to legend, he was published in Japan and engraved with the Three Commandments. Jian Zhen also knows medicine and is good at materia medica. Japanese doctor
The pharmaceutical industry is regarded as the ancestor. According to Japanese historical records, the Japanese didn't know anything about drugs at that time.
Jian Zhen, please correct it, Jian Zhen, use his nose, that's right. Fujiwara Sasuke's Japan
There is a volume of Master Jian's secret recipe in the current book catalogue, which was left by Jian Zhen in Japanese medicine.
Precious legacy.
Most of Jian Zhen's disciples are good at Chinese poetry, which has a great influence on the popularization of ancient Japanese Chinese poetry.
The ring. Among them, Stowe has the deepest attainments in poetry and prose. He has three volumes of biographies of monks in Jian Zhen and Yan Li.
It's a pity that both books are lost. At the same time, Japan's Tamsui Institute of Physical Education opened a research institute.
Tang Dahe's Journey to the East was written according to the facts contained in Stowe's Biography of Jian Zhen Monks.
Yes Fagin also has works, which are still circulating today.
(Shi Wuwei)