The surname Mu
1. Origin of the surname
The surname Mu (Mù) has six origins:
1. From the surname Zi, After the father of Kong Jin, an official of the Song Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period, he took the surname of his ancestor as his surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor named Kong Jinfu of the Song Dynasty, named Zimu. Some of his descendants took the ancestral character "Mu" as their surname and were called the Mu family.
2. It comes from the surname Duanmu. It was given by Duanmu, a native of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was changed to avoid hatred. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", the surname Duanmu is the descendant of Duanmu Ci, a disciple of Confucius. Duanmu gave him the title Zigong. Among the many disciples of Confucius, he was eloquent and able to predict events. He was also good at making money, so his family was rich with thousands of gold. In the political arena of the Spring and Autumn Period, Duanmu Ci was also an important figure. He served successively as prime minister of the states of Lu and Wei. He once lobbied the state of Wu and sent troops to the enemy Qi to save Lu. Duanmu Ci was a native of the Wei state at that time. According to historical research, he was the ancestor of the Duanmu family. His descendants "took the surname of Wang's father" and their surname was Duanmu. Later, Zeng Shengwen was named the Duan clan; or he was renamed the Mu clan by avoiding hatred, forming another branch of the Mu clan.
3. It comes from the Youmu family of Baekje Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, the Baekje Kingdom on the Korean Peninsula returned to the Tang Dynasty, and among its tribesmen there was the Mu family.
4. He comes from the Mu family of the Hui ethnic group. According to the "Chinese Hui Dictionary", the surname Mu among the Hui people is mainly taken from the first sound of the name of the scripture. For example, "The descendants of Mu Ba Ci or Mu Sha Ci Fu Ding have the surname Mu." Some of the surnames Mu are also derived from the surname Mu. For example: "In the early Ming Dynasty, the Mu family was given the surname 'Mu' by the emperor because of his meritorious service in guarding Yunnan. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, some of the Mu family's descendants changed Mu to Mu in order to avoid disasters." According to the "History Survey of the Shaanxi Hui Uprising during the Tongzhi Period" "Records" records that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Hui people with the surname Mu also formed a settlement - Mujia Village in Xianyang, Shaanxi. In the 1950s, the village also had a stone tablet "Mu Jifeng (Celebration of Birthday), an eunuch of the Imperial Academy", which was erected in the 10th year of Qianlong's reign (1745). The Hui people with the surname Mu are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Shaanxi.
5. It comes from Ajia Ade, a nobleman of the Naxi tribe in Yunnan during the Ming Dynasty. He was given the surname Mu by Zhu Yuanzhang. Before the Ming Dynasty, the Naxi people did not have surnames, and their names were jointly named by father and son. In the 16th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the Naxi leader Ajia'ade surrendered to Queen Zhu Ming. During the pilgrimage, Zhu Yuanzhang asked him what kind of gender he wanted. Ajia'ade bluntly said that he wanted to have the same surname as the emperor. The officials next to him winked. He hurriedly changed his mind and asked the emperor for a favor. Zhu Yuanzhang did not care about it: "I understand what you mean. Separating a wood from the character Zhu shows that you are the backbone of the Zhu family. Adding the character "human" to the character "wood" means Zhu, which shows that you are a member of the Zhu family. I will give you the surname "Mu". ". From then on, the Naxi people had their first Han surname Mu. The descendants of Ajia Ade passed down the surname Mu and were called the Mu family. The Mu family believed that the surname Mu was given by the emperor and could only be used exclusively by the nobles of the Mu family, so the common people Mu family was given the surname "He" in imitation of Zhu Yuanzhang. "He" means adding a stroke on the wood to put on the Mujia straw hat, and adding a mouth next to it means putting the Mujia basket on the back. "He" means slaves and laborers. Therefore, the Naxi people have a saying that "the official surname is Mu and the people's surname is He". After Mu returned to the Ming Dynasty, he gradually accepted Chinese culture and developed the taboo of Chinese characters. When the Mu family built the ancient city, if they imitated the high walls built around Seoul, the character wood would become the character "trap", so the Mu family was naturally unwilling to build city walls.
6. Among the ethnic minorities in the south, there is the Mu family.
2. Migration Distribution
(Vacant) The surname Mu is Wangju Wuxing County (a county established during the Three Kingdoms period, which is equivalent to the area from Lin'an, Zhejiang Province to Yixing, Jiangsu Province today).
3. Historical celebrities
Wooden Ying: Born in the Song Dynasty, he served as a staff officer in the Marshal's Mansion in East Zhejiang, and the people praised his virtues.
Mu Zeng: A poet of the Ming Dynasty. The eldest son of Mu Qing, the local magistrate of Lijiang, succeeded his father in the twenty-sixth year of Wanli (1558) and was known as the "King of Mu". Have military and literary talents, be politically enlightened, and safeguard the reunification of the motherland. During his 20 years in office, he went on many expeditions, and his influence reached the border areas in the west and Litang in the north. He successively sent more than 20,000 taels of military pay and aid to the mausoleum, went to Beijing to speak on major border affairs, vigorously introduced advanced production technology from the Han and Bai ethnic groups, set up workshops, opened gold, silver and copper mines, and absorbed Chinese and Tibetan religion and culture. Regarded by the Ming Dynasty as a Ping vassal in southern Yunnan, it was awarded the titles of left and right political participation to the chief envoys of Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places.
He loves Chinese culture, is good at poetry and prose, and is good at calligraphy. He has written "Zhishan Yunguo Collection", "Mountain Fun Collection", etc. Famous literati Dong Qichang, Xu Xiake, Bo Zonglong, Tang Tai and others wrote prefaces and essays for their poems and essays respectively. Postscript. The six volumes of "Zhishan Yunguo Collection" are included in "Sikuquanshu".
Mu Daiwen: A native of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province (now Wenzhou City), his courtesy name is Yunzhi. In the first year of Longxing (1163) of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty, he became the number one scholar in Guiweike. When Mu Daiwen was young, he studied under the great scholar Zheng Boxiong. After becoming the number one scholar, Prince Zhan Shi was tired of official duties, Huanzhang Pavilion was waiting to be established, Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites, and attendants of officials. As an official, Mu Daiwen was hopeless, but as a person, he was selfish, mean, and ungrateful. After the death of his mentor Zheng Boxiong, Mu Daiwen expanded his family's residence and invaded the Zheng family's land without authorization. His uncle Zheng Boying argued with him and a fight broke out. Mu Dai asked the prosecutor and sent someone to arrest Zheng Boying. Upon hearing the news, Boying helped his mother to welcome her out of the house, but when asked, she retreated in shame. Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty despised Mu Shiwen's character and once asked when did the surname Mu come from? I can't wait for the question to come up. Xiaozong said to his father-in-law, Hong Mai, a great scholar: "I promoted him to be the number one scholar, but he doesn't know the origin of his ancestral name. You should advise him to read more." Mu Daiwen was good at writing poems. His "Thousand Miles of Thoughts" said: "You travel a thousand miles with ease." As I have seen, I have been drinking for a long time in the spring room. I am no longer worried about separation. The mandarin ducks are dim and colorless. They are sitting in the cup. ."
Mu Tianjun: a native of Ruian, Zhejiang Province in the Southern Song Dynasty, with the courtesy name Deyuan. He was a Jinshi during the Jiaxi period and served as Jianchang Shou and Dali Zongcheng. When he was teaching in Yongzhou, he expounded the Neo-Confucianism of Zhang Shi (named Nanxuan) and was quite successful.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Wuxing County: Wu Baoding established the county in the first year of the Three Kingdoms period, and its administrative seat was Wucheng. It is equivalent to the northwest of Lin'an, Yuhang and Deqing in Zhejiang Province today, as well as Yixing and other places in Jiangsu Province. The Tang Dynasty also changed Huzhou, Zhejiang Province to Wuxing County.
2. Hall number (missing)
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Universal couplets for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
〖Five-character Universal Couplet of the Ancestral Hall with the Surname of Mu〗
The official voice spread to Eastern Zhejiang;
Neo-Confucianism explained Nanxuan.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Mu written by an anonymous person
The upper couplet refers to a person from the Song Dynasty named Mu Ying, who served as a staff officer in the commander-in-chief's office in the east of Zhejiang Province, and the people praised his virtues. The guide to the second line is Mu Tianjun, a native of Ruian in the Song Dynasty, whose courtesy name is Deyuan. He was a Jinshi during the Jiaxi period and served as Jianchang Shou and Dali Zongcheng. When he was teaching in Yongzhou, he expounded the Neo-Confucianism of Zhang Shi (named Nanxuan) and was quite successful.
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Mushi, Ancient Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province Couplet of the Mansion Office
〖Mushi Mansion Office in Lijiang Ancient City〗
The Old Town of Lijiang is a famous historical and cultural city in China and a world cultural heritage, and the Mu Family Mansion Office (Mufu for short) is the ancient city of Lijiang. The "Grand View Garden" of culture. Mu, the leader of the Naxi ethnic group, became the hereditary prefect of Lijiang in the Yuan Dynasty (1253) and lasted for 470 years through the 22 generations of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. He was famous among the chieftains in the southwest for "knowing poetry, good etiquette, and observing etiquette."
Mufu is located in the southwest corner of the ancient city. Its architecture in the Ming Dynasty was extremely impressive. Xu Xiake once lamented Mufu and said: "The beauty of the official palace is as good as the king's." Unfortunately, most of the buildings were destroyed by war in the late Qing Dynasty, and the surviving stone archways were also destroyed by the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976). After the 1996 earthquake, the World Bank had a keen eye and loaned huge sums of money to help rebuild the Mufu. Lijiang's skilled craftsmen carefully designed and constructed it. After three years, the Mufu reappeared in the world like a phoenix from Nirvana.
Mufu covers an area of ??46 acres, with a central axis length of 369 meters. The entire building complex faces east and west, "facing the rising sun and gaining atmosphere."
The four characters "Heavenly Rain Flowing Fragrance" written on the wooden archway are homophones of the Naxi language "reading away", reflecting the spiritual wisdom of the Naxi people who value knowledge; the stone archway is entirely made of stone and has a three-story structure, making it a masterpiece of domestic stone architecture. ; The meeting hall is dignified, spacious and majestic, and is the palace where chieftains discuss government affairs; Wanjuan Tower collects the essence of two thousand years of cultural heritage, including thousands of volumes of Dongba Sutra, hundreds of volumes of Tripitaka, poetry collections of Liugong Tusi, and many famous calligraphy and paintings, all of which are Hanlin treasures. , a treasure of the academy; the Dharma Protector Hall, also known as the Back Council Hall, is the hall where chieftains discuss family affairs; the Guangbi Tower is the gatehouse of the back garden, and history has said that the building is "the first in western Yunnan"; the Yuyin Tower is the place where imperial edicts are received and where singing, dancing and feasting are held The Di Sanqing Hall is the product of Mu's chieftain's admiration for the Taoist spirit. Deep in the ancient cypress trees of Shishan Mountain, there is also a place where Mu's chieftain worships heaven, ancestors and nature. Mu Mansion fully embodies the Naxi nation's openness to embrace diverse cultures. Spirit.
The titles and areas of jurisdiction of several generations of chieftains of the Mu family in the Yuan Dynasty can be compared. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the Mu family has become a powerful force in northwest Yunnan that can control the situation. This is the rule of the Mu family. The subsequent continuation, consolidation and development of the power laid the foundation. This cannot but be said to be a major historical background. The protection, praise and support of the central dynasty of the Ming Dynasty. From the beginning of Bende to the end of Ming Dynasty, there were fourteen generations of chieftains of the Mu clan. They were: Mude (Amuade), Muchu (Axi Aya), Mutu (Ah Ya A Qiu)
Mu Sen (A Qiu Grandpa) Mu Chi (A Di A Xi) Mu Tai (A Xi A Ya)
Mu Ding (A Ya A Qiu) Mu Gong (Aqiu Grandpa) Mu Gao (Grandpa Amu)
Mudong (Amu Adu) Muwang (Adu A Sheng) Mu Qing (A Sheng A Zhai)
Mu Zeng (Azhai Asi) and Mu Yi (Asi Achun)
Both are the local magistrates of Lijiang. The reason why the Mu family continued to prosper in the Ming Dynasty and expanded its sphere of influence, reaching its peak during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, was mainly due to the importance and support given to it by the central dynasty of the Ming Dynasty. Lijiang is a transportation hub and gateway to Yunnan and Tibet. It is also the political, economic and cultural center of the Naxi people in Yunnan. Its geographical location is very important. The Mu family has strong political and military strength in this area and became the central dynasty of the Ming Dynasty to manage and control Yunnan. The Northwest Territories ideally rely on strength. The Mu family has been obedient and obedient to the court from generation to generation. They have been credited with killing and conquering to show their loyalty. They have been paying tribute to the capital for generations, and have been awarded favors by the court.
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Couplet of the Mu Family Mansion in the Ancient City of Lijiang
When the Phoenix Emperor comes, the red sun is approaching;
The crane cannot fly among the white clouds.
——Couplet on the gate of Mu Mansion written by an anonymous person
Ten thousand volumes of books are on Tianlu;
There are clouds and objects in the moonlight at four o'clock.
——Couple of Wanjuan Tower [Main Entrance] of Mu Mansion written by an anonymous person
Wanjuan Tower is actually the study room of Mu Mansion. This is a place that the civil servant Mu Zengtusi is proud of. It contains the essence of two thousand years of Chinese cultural heritage, including thousands of volumes of the Dongba Sutra, hundreds of volumes of the Tripitaka, a collection of poems by Liu Gong Tusi, and many famous calligraphy and paintings. It can be said that the treasures of the Imperial Academy and the Academy are gathered on the first floor. "Wanjuan Tower" has doors on all sides, and the doors have couplets, and the couplets have rhymes. Mu Zeng, Hao Shengbai, is a literary master who is good at poetry and prose. He wrote more than 1,000 poems in his life, which are included in "Xiao Yuetang Poems" "", "Yiqu in the Mountains", "Guangbilou Poems" and other 6 collections, more than 1,000 poems are included in "Sikuquanshu" and "Yunnan Series". He also wrote more than 30 poems and more than 20 articles. Ci Fu was the first writer of the Moxue ethnic group to create such works. The cursive couplet "Talking about the joy of flowers and the laughter of the Buddhist monks" has been handed down to this day and is collected by the Lijiang Museum. In order to promote Han culture, the "Wanjuan Tower" was specially built to collect books from hundreds of schools. It was well-intentioned and can be regarded as an example. Regarding the poetic attainments of the Mu clan chieftain writers, there are "literaries and calligraphy better than Zhongzhou" in history. The reputation of "the flag and drum of the Central Plains" is the inevitable result of Mu's chieftain's opening up to the outside world and absorbing the advanced culture of foreign tribes.
Talk about Airbus with a smile;
The Dharma monk is idle and the birds are chirping.
——Mu Zeng’s self-titled couplet of ten thousand volumes of the Mu Mansion
The famous Chinese name has become a gold-plated boudoir book;
Lizao’s new chapter on Yuyue.
——Couplet of Wanjuan Tower [Side Door] of Mufu written by an anonymous person
The pen is as sharp as jade bamboo shoots and frosty;
The inkstone is the wave of silver lake ink.
——Couplet of Wanjuan Tower [side door] of Mu Mansion written by an unknown person
The luan crane appears in the sky;
Zhilan produces its own fragrance when it comes out of the ground.
——Anonymous Bedroom Couple of Mu and his wife, Tuzhifu Tuzhifu . Lijiang, where the Naxi people live, has always been known as "a world for women and a paradise for men". It is very close to Lugu Lake, the land of women. Every household is headed by a woman. The hard work such as farming and harvesting is women's business, and men are at home. Just playing cards, drinking tea and chatting, it's fun and leisurely. Many poor people are brothers and wives. When the woman belongs to one of the brothers, the others often move away, so there is no jealousy. On the other hand, another important reason why Naxi couples live in separate beds is that women have to work from dawn to dusk, so not living with their husbands allows him to rest better. The calligraphy of Mu Zeng, the most accomplished 19th-generation chieftain, is hung on the wall of the main room. One look at the romantic, elegant and elegant calligraphy shows that Mu Zeng is not only a wise chieftain, but also a well-deserved calligrapher.
The official worshiped the Lord Fusheng of the Five Dynasties;
Living in Sandian for a long time, he kept the rules.
——Anonymous Zhuanmu Mansion Council Hall [Column Couplet] Couplet
The council hall is majestic and spectacular, and the three plaques are actually "Serve the Country Sincerely". There is a tiger leather seat in the middle of the meeting hall, which is the toast's seat. There is a vivid dragon head painted on the ceiling two or three meters in front of the seat. The commentator said: The reason why the chieftain covered his seat with tiger skin was to imply that he had no intention of entering politics and only wanted to be the chieftain who dominated the mountain. The golden dragon above means that everything he does is done under the eyes of the emperor, and he does not want to and cannot cause trouble.
The Iron Bridge of Quan Zhen hangs far away;
The mighty Tung Pillar of soldiers bestows many favors.
——Anonymous Couplet of the Council Hall of Mufu
There is no need to dream about the peaks being so colorful;
The cloud written in the sky is auspicious.
——Couple of Sanqing Hall of Mu Mansion written by an anonymous person
Mu Zeng, the 19th generation chieftain, once became a monk, and the location where the pine tree grew was exactly where Mu Zeng practiced as a monk. This pine tree is three or four meters high, and all its branches grow downward. It reminds people of Mao Dun's famous poem "Praise to Poplars". Imagine that Mr. Mao Dun would be amazed if he saw this tree - this The downward growth momentum of a tree is as natural as the upward branches of other trees, which is breathtaking.
The jade barrier has preserved ancient snow for thousands of years;
The golden sands have traveled thousands of miles.
——Couplet of Sanqing Palace in Mufu written by an unknown person
Gold painting with rolling dragon and imperial characters;
Yuyin seal written in the clouds.
——A couplet of Yuyin Tower in Mu Mansion written by an anonymous person
Only after King Zhong was forced to chase Li Du;
——Couplet of Wanjuan Tower [Side Door] of Mu Mansion written by an anonymous person
Talk about enclosing the territory, paying tens of thousands of gold for payment;
Love in the Langmiao, Chen Shi Loyalty is lost.
——Couplet of the Council Hall of Mufu written by an anonymous person
The cicada escapes from the filth and floats in the dust;
Waves high on the Cangshan Mountain and disappears into the forest.
——Couplet of Sanqing Palace in Mu Mansion written by an anonymous person