Taking regular script as an example, writing brushes can be roughly divided into three types: lower case pen, middle case pen, lower case pen and lower case pen. Generally, the length of a small pen is about 1 cm, that of a medium pen is about 1-3 cm, that of a large pen is about 3-5 cm, and that of a bucket pen is about 10 cm.
No matter how long the brush is, it can be divided into three parts: nib, belly and root, each accounting for one third of the brush. Generally, the pen tip is used for writing, that is, less than one third. In a few cases, you can write with more than one-third of the pen belly, but you rarely use the pen root. Of course, it is not absolute, and cursive sometimes uses this part. Under the modern popular calligraphy style, many calligraphers like to write big characters with small pens, which seems to have become a fashion. In fact, this is a careless practice and a damaging use of the brush.
The "Three Fronts" of the brush is a frequently used word in calligraphy theory, that is, the three states of the brush during its operation-middle, edge and side.
Ethan Puguang's Eight Methods and Eight Solutions of Yongzi: "Those who are biased don't make the pen right, and those who are right don't make the pen wrong." This may be the earliest concepts of positive front and partial front in ancient book theory. In fact, in the ancient book theory, there are no two concepts of center and winger, only positive and partial views. According to this classification, the center and flank belong to the positive front, which can be used, and the eccentric front is a sick pen, which can never be used.
Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty, also said a famous saying: brushwork is not easy to last forever. The eternal and difficult brushwork he said should be straightforward brushwork.
I really divided the brushwork into three categories: center, winger and winger. I haven't found the specific source, but what is certain is that this classification is only available in modern times. In fact, this classification is to refine the front into the center and side, which is a more scientific formulation.
The so-called centering means that when writing, the pen tip points in the opposite direction to the stroke direction, the unfolded brush is completely within the extension line of the stroke, and the middle line of the brush completely coincides with the middle line of the stroke;
When writing, the pen tip is completely opposite to the stroke, and the unfolded brush is in the extension line of the stroke, but it has a certain angle, so that the center line of the brush is not completely coincident with the center line of the stroke;
The so-called deviation means that when writing, the pen tip points perpendicular to the stroke direction and the brush exceeds the extension line of the stroke, so the written stroke is flat and has no texture.
How to use center and winger correctly? So, how to judge and use the center and winger in the model league?
First of all, the center and the winger feel different forms. The former feels full and full, while the latter feels bold and fierce. Some people think that "the center takes its quality and the winger takes its momentum." Generally speaking, stippling, which is dominant in the composition of a word or even several word groups, is mostly in the middle, while stippling, which can show its posture without destroying the overall relationship, can come out as needed. In addition, the center and the winger feel different when writing. When it is found that the dotted line of a certain shape is awkward and difficult to appear in the center, if the brushwork is changed in time and the side is used, it is likely to achieve the goal.
Secondly, when dealing with the relationship between center and winger, the most important thing is to transform and connect with each other. As mentioned above, in most cases, the center should be in a dominant position in a work. After one or two wingers appear occasionally, the pen tip should be readjusted to the running state of the center in time. This can be solved by restarting the pen where the signs of dotted connection are not obvious. However, in the case of obvious signs of point-line-surface connection, it is often necessary to write a group of lines without interruption to hold the pen. At this time, if you can't freely change the pen tip at any time, you can't connect with the next center. But it is difficult to use the method of restarting the pen to connect here, because it is easy to destroy the connection relationship that has been formed. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the movements of fingers and wrists to guide the rise and fall of the pen tip and adjust the pen tip when writing.
Third, the center and winger are constantly changing. When writing, you should learn to transition flexibly without interruption. This is very important, and it is also an important aspect to reflect the basic brushwork of calligraphers, especially in cursive writing. It is impossible to adjust the nib by licking each stroke, and you can only keep writing on paper. This involves adjusting the positive problem on paper, which is a complex and basic technology that must be mastered.