Source: Liu Jingwen was given by Su Shi in Song Dynasty.
Original text:
The lotus flower withered, so did the lotus leaf holding the rain, and only the branches of chrysanthemum stood proudly against the frost.
Good years must be remembered, it is orange.
Translation:
The lotus flower withered, even the lotus leaf holding the rain withered, and only the flower branch that defeated the chrysanthemum stood proudly in the frost.
You must remember that the best time of the year is the late autumn and early winter when oranges are golden and green.
Precautions:
: Liu, the word, is the author of a collection of poems. At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of Zhejiang military forces and stationed in Hangzhou. Su Shi regarded him as a national scholar, recommended him on the above table, and paid for his poems.
Lotus: Lotus withers and withers.
Qing: Lift it up, lift it up.
Rain cover: formerly known as umbrella, the poem refers to the way the lotus leaf stretches.
Chrysanthemum residue: Chrysanthemum withered.
Y: still.
Ao Shuang: Not afraid of the cold, strong and unyielding.
Jun: It used to refer to the ancient kings, but later it generally refers to the honorific title for men, you.
Remember: you must remember.
Orange-orange-green time: refers to the time when oranges turn yellow and remain green, and refers to the late autumn and early winter of the lunar calendar.
Creative background:
This poem was written in the early winter of 1090 (five years in Yuan You). At that time, Su Shi was working in Hangzhou, and Liu Ye, who was also the commander-in-chief of Zhejiang and Zhejiang, was in Hangzhou. The two have always been close friends and have a profound friendship. On the one hand, the poet regarded Liu Jingwen as a national scholar and recommended himself by begging for Liu Ji's grandson; On the other hand, encourage this poem.
Appreciation 1:
This poem was given by the poet as a gift to his good friend Liu Jingwen. The first two sentences of the poem describe the scenery, and grasp the "lotus flower exhausted" and "chrysanthemum remnant" to describe the bleak scene in late autumn and early winter. There is a sharp contrast between "nothing" and "still there", which highlights the image of Chrysanthemum Ao Shuang fighting the cold. The last two sentences discuss the scenery and reveal the purpose of giving poems. It shows that although the winter scenery is bleak and cold, it also has fruitful and mature harvest, but it is incomparable in other seasons. The poet wrote this to describe a person's prime of life. Although youth has passed, it is also the golden stage of maturity and great achievements in life. Encourage friends to cherish this wonderful time, be optimistic and make unremitting efforts, and never be depressed and laugh at yourself.
Su Shi's To Liu Jingwen was written in five years (1090), and Su Shi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua" says that this poem sings about the scenery in early winter, "The song is wonderful." Although this poem is written for, it is about the scenery in late autumn, and there is no mention of Liu's moral articles. This does not seem to be the proper meaning in the title, but in fact, the author's genius lies in praising Liu's character and moral integrity. Into the description of the early winter scenery without trace. Because in the author's opinion, the most beautiful scenery in a year is the orange-green early winter scenery. Citrus, like pine and cypress, can best represent people's noble character and loyal moral integrity.
When the ancients wrote about autumn scenery, the weather was mostly gloomy and permeated with the feeling of sad autumn. But there is an abnormal situation here, which writes a rich scene of late autumn, reveals vitality and gives people a feeling of high spirits. Therefore, Hu Zai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, compared Han Yu's poem "It is the benefit of early spring and a spring, which is absolutely better than the misty willow in the imperial capital", saying that "the two poems are quite similar but different, and the songs are wonderful" ("Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua").
Lotus and chrysanthemum are the objects of chanting by poets of past dynasties, which often leave a good impression on people, but why does this poem describe the images of lotus and chrysanthemum in a highly general way from the beginning, showing a picture of late autumn? This is entirely to emphasize and highlight the best scenes of the year: orange and green. Although orange and orange are neck and neck, in fact, the whole world is paying attention to orange, because orange symbolizes many virtues, so Qu Yuan wrote Ode to Orange and praised it, mainly praising it for its independence, fine color and selflessness, which is superior to Boyi. The conclusion of this poem has this intention. It combines scenery, things and people in one furnace, implicitly praising Liu Jingwen's character and disposition.
Appreciation 2:
The poem sings about the scenery in early winter. In order to highlight the best scenery of "orange, orange and green" in a year, the poet first painted a picture of the last autumn with highly summarized pen and ink: the Julian lotus pond with green leaves and red flowers reflecting the sun has long withered, and the withered stems and leaves can no longer support the green umbrella to shelter from the wind and rain; The residual chrysanthemum under the independent hedge, although the stem is fragrant, has no leaves, and only the tall and straight branches are still strong against the wind in Ao Shuang. There are many kinds of nature, and flowers bloom and fall in a year. It can be said that the seasons are different and the months are different. Here, the poet only chose the lotus and chrysanthemum, which dominated in summer and autumn respectively, and wrote about their withering to set off the cold heart of orange. The genius of the poet also lies in that he did not simply write about the decline of lotus and chrysanthemum, but extended the description to lotus leaves and chrysanthemum branches. Throughout the life of the lotus, the lotus leaf is indispensable to it. Su Shi used rain to say that the defeat of the Netherlands was really vivid! Similarly, Chrysanthemum is called an outstanding figure under the frost, not only because it is Leng Xiang, but also because it has tall and straight branches. In Ao Shuang, only when the flowers break, the branches can be independent, and its aloof character can be fully reflected. The poet's observation can be described as meticulous, and his ability to grasp the essence of things can be described as powerful! These two sentences are literally opposite, with the same content, and they are called "running water pair", "nothing" and "there is", which shows the difference between two flowers.
However, whether it is thanking first or thanking later, it is out of date after all, and we have to withdraw from the competition and give way to the vibrant early winter pride-oranges and oranges. At this point, the poet happily reminds people: please remember that the best scenery in a year is in the early winter when the article is rotten (Qu Yuan's Ode to an Orange)! When oranges are mentioned side by side here, they are actually biased towards oranges. From Qu Yuan's Ode to an Orange to Zhang Jiuling's experience (here, south of the Yangtze River, there is a red orange tree. ), oranges have always been praised by poets as "good trees", while oranges are actually "although they may serve your distinguished guests". Citrus's "leaves are green all winter" and "but it is used to cold because of its' nature'" are not only inferior to lotus and chrysanthemum, but also want to be comparable to pine and cypress. No wonder the poet pays special attention to it!
This poem is about the scenery in early winter. The author said that autumn has come and winter has come. Although the lotus has withered, it is still a beautiful time of orange and green. The metaphor of "Ao Shuang Branch" in the poem is intended to praise Liu Jingwen's nobility and noble character. "There is a Ao Shuang in the chrysanthemum", which was later used as a metaphor for indomitable people.
About the author:
Su Shi, (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24, 0),No. Zizhan, He Zhong, a famous Taoist of tin cans, Dongpo Jushi,No. Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (Sichuan Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.