Mandarin is another name for modern standard Chinese. Every country has its own common language (official language, capital Mandarin) - regardless of the United States, Russia, India and other countries, there are many language dialects and various countries implement Standard terminology to facilitate widespread communication among people. China's national common language is Mandarin, that is, Mandarin Chinese, which is a modified version of Capital Yayin (different from Capital Hutong Yin) promoted by Chinese officials in the past dynasties. Three concepts need to be distinguished: Capital Yayin is Capital Mandarin, Capital Hutong Yin, and modified Capital Yayin.
Beijing has been the political, economic and cultural center of the country for more than 800 years. Due to the centralization of economy and politics, the influence of Beijing dialect has gradually increased and its status has become increasingly important. On the one hand, as the official common language, Beijing dialect spread throughout the country and became "Mandarin", and "Mandarin" gradually became the "universal synonym" commonly used in various dialect areas; on the other hand, , vernacular literary works based on northern dialect, especially operas since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, have also accepted more influence from Beijing dialect. In this way, Beijing dialect has laid a solid foundation for the standard pronunciation of the Han nationality's most common language. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Han nationality's homonym, with Northern dialect as the basic dialect and Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, had actually been formed. The Mandarin of New China is based on the sounds of Northern dialect, with some modifications (mainly absorbing the characteristics of Luanping dialect, such as directness, clarity, and clarity). Taking Luanping dialect as the main standard - Luanping is the promotion and recording area of ??Northern dialect.
The promotion of Mandarin and the use of dialects are in a harmonious relationship. The promotion of Mandarin does not mean the elimination of dialects. The promotion of Mandarin neither aims at eliminating dialects nor uses the elimination of dialects as a means. We cannot simply oppose Mandarin and dialects. The functions and status of the two are different, and they are not in exactly the same time and space. Any dialect has its stability and irreplaceable practicality. During the period of development of national homologous languages, the clear boundaries between dialects in the past will gradually fade away, and the power of dialects will inevitably weaken.
The characteristics of Mandarin Chinese speech are: except for the tip of the tongue back fricatives, nasal consonants, and lateral consonants, the initial consonants have no voiced sounds; the finals have many complex vowels, and the nasal finals are divided into front and back; there is no opposition between voice and voice of the initial consonant, and there is no entry. The rhyme is a confluence of sharp and rounded tones, with fewer tones and simple modalities, as well as soft tones and rhymes.
China has a vast territory and many dialects. Because there are certain obstacles in communication between different dialects, which is not conducive to economic and cultural communication in various places, there is a phenomenon of "regional cultural islands". These "regional cultural islands" retain the essence of advanced culture and folk wisdom in different regions, but Since language barriers prevent good communication and mutual complementation, there is a need for a universal synonym to eliminate "regional cultural islands" and glue together all the wisdom in China's vast land. However, promoting a language is a long process and should not be rushed. The coordination between the development of local languages ??and the promotion of Mandarin must be properly handled.