-Eight Diagrams Qufu Confucius Temple Alliance
Confucius Temple, located in the center of Qufu, is the place where Confucius was worshipped in past dynasties. Founded in 478 BC, it covers an area of 327 mu. * * * There are nine courtyards, which are one of the three palace-style buildings in China (the Forbidden City, Dai Temple in Tai 'an and Confucius Temple). The main building is the main hall Dacheng Hall, with 28 stone pillars with eaves standing around the cloister, with a height of 6 meters. There are ten stone pillars on the front eaves and two dragon playing beads in deep relief, which are of high artistic value. There is a statue of Confucius in the temple, and there are four statues of twelve philosophers on both sides. There are more than 2000 inscriptions and paintings in the temple, all of which are treasures of calligraphy art.
There are many couplets in the Confucius Temple, and the entrance is a pair of Ji Yun (1724- 1805), a great genius in the Qing Dynasty, a scholar with a long career, an official of the Ministry of Rites, and the editor-in-chief of Sikuquanshu:
Hugh left the country, rich and glorious;
The same day is old, and the article is morally sacred.
The couplets spoke highly of Confucius's "writing virtue", which is not old. He also said that the descendants of Confucius shared good luck and honor from generation to generation. It is said that there is nothing on the word "rich", which means that wealth has no top.
Emperor Qianlong loved to dance and write ink, and wrote two couplets for Dacheng Hall, one of which also wrote the name:
When the gas is prepared for four seasons, it is in harmony with heaven, earth, sun, moon and ghosts and gods;
Teaching is eternal, follow Tang as a teacher.
The first couplet praises Confucius' morality, "being in harmony with heaven, earth, sun, moon and ghosts"; The second couplet praises Confucius' achievements, which can be juxtaposed with "Yao Shunyu Tang Wuwen". A Manchu, a prosperous emperor, can make such a high evaluation of Confucius, which also shows his broad mind.
His Royal Highness, a contemporary of Qianlong, was the governor of Shaanxi and Henan, and Bi Yuan (1730— 1797) wrote couplets for the Sixth Hall of Confucius Temple:
Jean Goldfish, Yongzhen Dongshan Baiji Dolphin;
Auspicious jade swallow, often cotton North Sea hairpin tassel.
In ancient times, officials with more than three qualities held ceremonies to worship Confucius every year, and some dignitaries also celebrated Confucius' son's birthday. It can be seen that Confucius' courtesy is high enough, and it is no wonder that Emperor Qianlong bowed to Confucius.
Confucius' descendants also wrote many couplets for the Confucius Temple. Confucius' seventy-third grandson Kong Qingrong wrote a long couplet for the front building:
Think about it at home, distinguish between inside and outside, don't be condescending, be diligent and choose friends, which is beneficial to yourself;
It is especially appropriate to live in the world, be good at words, keep etiquette, stay away from villains, be close to gentlemen, and have a clear conscience.
Couplets, like family instructions, are good for families, people and tourists. It is difficult to be "innocent" when dealing with people. As long as you do what the couplets say, you are innocent to your ancestors.
Confucius Temple is spread all over the country, and Confucius Temple in Zhengzhou, Henan Province has a short couplet:
Germany matches heaven and earth;
Taoist temple is ancient and modern.
In just eight words, Confucius' morality was praised to the sky, unprecedented and unprecedented.
Confucius Temple in Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province Province also has a short couplet:
There is Surabaya in the lotus pond;
Half-hill show, just like Nishan.
The couplets do not praise Confucius positively, but only describe the beautiful scenery around the Confucius Temple, such as "Surabaya" and "Nishan" in the mainland, and express their admiration for Confucius.
Meng Temple, also known as "Yasheng Temple", is the place where Mencius was worshipped in past dynasties. The worship of the Mencius Temple began in the fourth year of the Song Dynasty (1037), and was built in the northeast of Zou County12km south of the Four Seasons Mountain, in front of the Mengling Mountain. Later, he moved to Nanguan, Zouxian County.
Mengmiao is 458.5 meters long from north to south and 95 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 43,600 square meters, accounting for 66 mu. Its scale is second only to that of Confucius Temple, and it is one of the oldest and best-preserved ancient buildings in Shandong Province. It is a masterpiece of ancient architecture in China from Song, Yuan and Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 1988.
Mengmiaoya temple
The front and back of the Meng Temple are composed of five courtyards, with the main building "Zi Temple" as the center and the north and south as the central axis, which are symmetrically arranged left and right. There are 64 temples, 2 pavilions, 4 wooden workshops and 1 stone workshop 1 seat.
Lingxingmen is the south gate of Meng Temple. There is a wooden workshop on the left and right of Xingxingmen, which is called "connecting the past with the future" and "learning from the past" in recognition of Mencius' achievements in "following Confucius and opening up Confucianism".
Yasheng Temple Stone Square, the second courtyard gate of Yasheng Temple, was built in the early years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. The stone workshop is 5.2 meters high, with four columns and three doors. The top of the column is decorated with vases and cloud plates, similar to China watches. The center of the square is engraved with the golden regular script of Yasheng Temple. The left and right squares are engraved with the patterns of "pterosaur in the cloud" and "sea dragon", which are extremely beautiful.
Dong Dai and Dai are located at Chengshengmen ("Dai", that is, the corridors and houses under the ancient church). The East and West pavilions are dedicated to Mencius' disciples and 1 1 scholars who have contributed to Mencius' theory, and each has its own shrine for worship. These admirers include Gong, Peng Chengkuo, Lian, Hao Kaohai, Gong Sunchou, Qian Tang, Zi, Peng Geng, Xu Bi, Xian, Meng Zhongzi, Zhang Wan, Chongyu, Sun Ji, Tao Ying and Kong Daofu.
Confucius Temple, built in the third year of Song Xuanhe (1 12 1), has seven temples, with a height of17m, a width of 27.7m and a depth of 20.48m.. This is a green glazed tile palace with double eaves and built by the mountain. His Highness erected 26 octagonal terrazzo columns with lotus-shaped bases under them. The eight pillars under the front porch are decorated with patterns such as pterosaurs, precious peonies, and hundred Xiang Lian, which are exquisite in skill. The Liang Fang Arch outside the hall is decorated with palaces and seals, resplendent and magnificent. There is a huge plaque in the center of the hall, which is engraved with the imperial book Tao Zhanni Mountain written by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. There is a huge couplet in the hall to welcome Men Jinzhu: "If you respect the king, you will be called Yao and Shun, and you will be worried about the world." It was also written by Emperor Qianlong himself. In the center of the Confucius Temple, there is a shrine carved with dragons and gilded gold, in which a statue of Mencius is enshrined. The costumes were made according to Yuan You's ritual system in Song Dynasty: nine families and nine chapters (nine families were crowned, and the costumes had nine patterns), which was the duke's costume and also the first-class costume. In the shrine on the east side of the temple, there is a statue of Mencius, Hou's son. On the west side of the main hall, there is an inscription "Meng Temple, the first teacher of Zou Guogong" in the third year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty.
There are 280 inscriptions of Qin, Han, Jin, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Meng Temple, and its main contents include imperial edicts issued by feudal emperors in previous dynasties, the pedigree of the Meng family, the literature records of maintenance and expansion in previous dynasties, and the praise of poets. Its fonts are well prepared and have high artistic value of calligraphy. Important inscriptions include the stone carvings of Laizihou in the Western Han Dynasty, the stone carvings of Qin Yishan, the stone carvings of Shiqiangcun in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial tablet of Basiba in Yuan Wenzong, and the stone inscriptions of the Ming Dynasty, which are precious materials for studying the history of China and the evolution of the Mencius Temple.
There are 430 kinds of trees in the temple, the main trees are cypress and juniper, and there are a few ancient locust trees, ginkgo and wisteria. Most of these ancient trees were planted in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and they are still towering and lush. Among the ancient and famous trees in Mengmiao, there are four natural wonders, namely, "Cooper holding Huai", "Vine Ginkgo", "Looking at the moon in the cave" and "Lycium barbarum". The ancient tree landscape of Meng Temple was deeply loved by people in Ming Dynasty. Dong Qichang, a painter and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, once sang a five-character poem: "If you love this tree of the Temple of Mencius, you will see a typical one. Wogenzhu is moist and full of energy. After reading the world, Qin Shu grinds, and towering Lu Qing knots. I know that I lost my life and only entered the immortal scriptures. "
During the Cultural Revolution, temples were damaged to varying degrees. Since 1980, the state has allocated special funds for restoration and maintenance, and now it has been restored to its original appearance in the early Qing Dynasty, and a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists visit it every year.