What was the exam used in the Yuan Dynasty? Jing yi? 、? Doubt? The description text is the title, and the scope of the title is limited to four books: University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. This is the earliest prototype of stereotyped writing.
During the period of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination law was promulgated, and the examination papers imitated the Song Dynasty? Jing yi? .
During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, under the advocacy of many ministers, a relatively strict and fixed format of eight-part essay was gradually formed, and the rules of eight-part essay were also formed. At that time, after having obtained the township examination, the article specifications were formally determined by the national provincial and highest-level examinations. At the same time, it explains the rules of stereotyped writing. It is required to write an article in a format with a fixed number of sentences and paragraphs and strict confrontation between positive and negative facts. In that case, it is inevitable to look at the format first and then the content. The format is wrong, and no matter how good the content is, it will not be reviewed. Only in this way can an eight-part essay be formed, that is, a style with a fixed format specially formulated for the examination.
Well, knowing what an eight-part essay is, let's answer the second question of this topic.
In fact, the ancient stereotyped writing is essentially the same as the composition in the present exam. At present, the grading standard of composition examination is nothing more than conforming to the meaning of the question, clear central idea, healthy and positive thinking and complete structure. Of course, the current composition also pays attention to the laws of inheritance and integration. If you don't follow the standard, you will lose points in the exam.
What is a famous scholar in ancient times? It is nothing more than the problem we are discussing now. They are unruly, bohemian and imaginative. Nowadays, many writers who scored low in the college entrance examination later became famous writers, but they didn't do well in the exam and didn't follow the rules. But those who obey the rules often get high marks.
Composition has nothing to do with literature.
In fact, looking back, it is not the top scholar in the imperial examination who really promotes social progress. Those cultural celebrities are nothing more than elegant poetry collections, seemingly unpaid songs and romantic paintings and calligraphy. Maybe we really can't let them be officials. For example, Song Huizong, a cultural celebrity, wrote poems, songs and calligraphy, which is not awesome, but it is too bad to be an emperor.