About 20 kilometers east of fengcheng city, Jiangxi Province, there is a village called Xie. The village faces south, facing the open farmland, with hills on both sides, and a stream winds through the front of the village. The scenery here is beautiful, the scenery is beautiful, and people are outstanding. Xie Xi, an important civil servant and writer in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, was born here. Jiexi participated in the compilation of Shi Jing Grand Ceremony and Three History of Liao, Song and Jin successively, and served as the chief editor of the three histories. Jellis's poetry is very accomplished. He, Yu Ji, Liu Guan and Huang Cheng are also called "Yuan Sizi", and Yu Ji, Fan Lian and Yang Zai are also called "Yuan Sizi".
1. Brilliant and highly respected.
Jaggers was poor when he was a child. At the age of five, I learned from my father, studied hard and worked tirelessly day and night; At the age of twelve or thirteen, there are hundreds of discourses; By the time he was fifteen or sixteen, he was outstanding in literary talent, especially in poetry and calligraphy. All his peers admire him and worship him as a teacher. As a teenager, Jiexi traveled abroad with his father who went out for business, and successively went to Hunan, Hubei and other places. He gave lectures while reading. At this time, Jess began to show his talent, and local officials appreciated and valued him very much. Zhao Hong, commander-in-chief of the Xiang army, was surprised and said, "Tomorrow he will become a celebrity in Hanyuan." Cheng Jufu and Lu Zhi, who successively served as the county magistrate of Huguang County, all called them "wizards". Cheng Jufu betrothed his cousin to him as his wife.
Later, Cheng Jufu went to the imperial court to be an official, invited Xie Xi to go with him, and begged him to stay in the mansion. Although living in Beijing, Jiexi still lives in seclusion, does not publicize himself, and the ceremony of the guest of honor is also very cautious. Few people know that he is a close relative of Cheng Jufu. At that time, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty was still alive. I heard that Cheng Gong had a good guest and wanted to see him, so I had to introduce him. From the conversation, they found that when talking about poetry, the image was flying and the momentum was heroic; When discussing the way of governing the country, he has unique views and rigorous reasoning. Everyone thinks that Jiexi is brilliant and a pillar of the country, and they have recommended it to the court. Li Meng, a student in annals, read < < > and I was amazed: "This is a masterpiece of history! There are only copies of other versions of history books. "
It took more than 30 years from the early years of Yuan Renzong's Yanchou to the fourth year of Huizong. After three dynasties of Renzong, Wenzong, Ningzong and Huizong, he entered the Hanlin and was deeply trusted and reused by emperors of all ages. "All the things of the court, the instrument of the cabinet, not idle. ②"
At the beginning of the calendar, Emperor Wenzong set up an institution of higher learning-"Kuizhangge", and personally decreed that he was entrusted with the important task of exposing the company and appointed him as a scholar lang to teach the children of the royal family, the country and the heroes. "Zhang Kuiting" is located in the west of Sheng Xing Temple, and Jiesi lives in Shuangqiao, more than ten miles away from Zhang Kuiting. She walks back and forth every day, rain or shine. Seeing this situation, Wang Sun, his son studying in colleges and universities, was deeply moved and discussed raising money to buy a good horse for his teacher. When Jess heard about it, he immediately bought a horse, showed it to others repeatedly, and then sold it to show that he didn't want to drag others down. None of Jiexi's disciples were greedy for fame and fortune, and most of them later became important ministers of the country. When Jess was appointed as a scholar, the literati emperor Tu timur often came to the pavilion to discuss and talk with Jess, and he answered questions every time. The emperor was surprised to see the immortal code written by Xie Xi, and said, "Isn't this the law of the Tang Dynasty?" I couldn't put it down when I saw the forty-ninth chapter of Taiping dignitaries. I put it by the bed and often read. In the History of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor said, "Every time a Confucian scholar is used in a Chinese book, he must ask,' How is his talent as outstanding as a master? ③'"。 "The History of Yuan Dynasty" also said: "I sent Taiping politicians to advise officials and said,' I have given this sutra. (4) "The emperor presented the Taiping Politician's Policy to the civil and military officials and said," This was written by Xie Manshuo. You all have to take a good look! " The emperor did not call him by his first name, but called him "Manshuo". From the above things, we can see that the emperor loves Jess.
Jess was appointed by a civilian as the editor of Hanlin National History Institute. Three years later, he was promoted to Hanlin literature consultant, and later became Guo Zi's teaching assistant. Six years later (13 19), the imperial court promoted Jiesi to a bachelor's degree in "Kuizhangge", and soon he was promoted to a lecturer with a major. At that time, the promotion could not exceed two levels, but Jessie was promoted to four levels, until the second level was "Dr. Zhongfeng". "Yuan Shi" contains: "From the beginning of a new case, it is no more than second class. Open the fourth grade separately, turn to the ninth grade and cover the different numbers. ⑤"
The Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty discriminated against the Han people, but Jaggers was seldom highly valued and loved by his relatives, the country and the emperor.
2. Make every effort to major in national history.
Jiexi has been a dedicated bachelor, academician, scholar, banquet, teacher and doctor. "Heaven will bring heaven to know, and many ministers like Tu have a vague meaning, which must belong to poverty and backwardness. His words often contain the precepts of sacrifice and generation, to help govern the road. Xie Jie, with his tireless and rigorous academic attitude and profound knowledge of history and literature, was entrusted with a heavy responsibility by Wenzong, specializing in the history of Liao, Song and Jin Dynasties. At that time, he was not only the president of the capital, but also the CEO, equivalent to the CEO of modern enterprises. The Prime Minister asked Jess: "What is the basis for compiling history?" A: "People-oriented. People who have knowledge to write articles but don't understand history can't use them; Learned people can write articles and learn about history, but people who lack morality can't use them; We should put' virtue' in the first place in employing people. He often said to his colleagues: "To write a good national history, we must first understand the significance of history, respect history and seek truth from facts. The ancients wrote history, although small good will be recorded, although small evil will be remembered. Otherwise, why persuade people to abandon evil and promote good? " In order to write the three histories of Liao, Song and Jin, he resolutely wrote and worked tirelessly. The gains and losses of all state affairs and the merits and demerits of personnel are measured by right and wrong, and they do not hide evil or flatter. For events with insufficient evidence, he will repeatedly research and try to be accurate.
In the fourth year of Zheng Zheng (1344), Liao history was compiled and presented to the emperor, who rewarded him and encouraged him to complete the history of Jin and Song as soon as possible. Jiexi knows how heavy the burden on his shoulders is, for fear of betraying the emperor's love. He eats and lives in the history museum, gets up before dawn every day, and doesn't rest until late at night, forgetting to eat or sleep. In the summer of four years, Jaggers contracted typhoid fever, still writing at his desk, and died seven days later. After learning the bad news of Jess's death, North Korean officials rushed to the History Museum to offer their condolences. At this time, foreign envoys came to Beijing, and the relevant government officials who received foreign guests also held a banquet to receive the envoys another day because of Jess's death. The emperor deeply regretted the loss of an excellent historian and gave him many silver coins and cloth as a funeral. He also sent officers and men to send Jess's coffin back to his hometown for burial by post boat. In the sixth year of Zheng Zheng, the imperial court granted him the title of Duke of Zhang Yu and posthumous title as "Wen 'an". "
3. Integrity, love, kindness, disease and evil
After Jess's social status and living environment changed, the sufferings of ordinary people have not been forgotten. He is an official outside and still cares about his hometown. Fengcheng does not produce gold, and the government listened to the words of the treacherous court official, Civil and Commercial Qiong, and recruited 300 households to look for gold and pay tribute to the court. The expropriated families had to leave their homes to seek gold in other places, and the gold paid by each household increased from 4 Liang to 49 Liang every year. Soon, there were few recruited gold diggers left, and the survivors were down and out. The officials above ordered the Fengcheng government: if gold cannot be handed over, it will be compensated by labor. Many people in Fengcheng were displaced and their families were ruined. Jess told the court the truth in detail after learning about it from Tang Sun. The court attached great importance to this matter. After investigation and verification, the relevant officials were punished. From then on, Fengcheng people were exempted from paying gold and were able to recuperate, deeply feeling the kindness of Jess pleading for the people.
Jesse's character is honest and frank, and he likes the good and likes the bad. Officials who are honest and love the people must quote their deeds and praise their honest behavior and morality when they speak and write articles. I hate corrupt officials who abuse power for personal gain. Once, a county magistrate asked his people to give gifts for their birthdays, and asked Xie Si to write an article about his so-called political achievements. Jess denounced, "What you have done is obvious to all." How can I whitewash you against the will of the people and my own will, and sing praises while flattering you? ! "The man unwilling, several bribes ended in failure. Jessie always helps kind people enthusiastically. Once a guest begged him to write an article and give him a reward. Jiexi wrote a message and said to the guests, "Take the money back for your own use. I have accepted your heart. "
4. Both Confucianism and JJ Lin are outstanding literary talents.
He explained the temple, served as an official, served as a lecturer in Hanlin, and served in the court for more than 30 years. He is both an official and a scholar with profound literary attainments. His poems were very famous in Yuan Dynasty, and he was a famous figure in Beijing literary world. He, Yang Zai and Fan Pei are called the four great poets in Yuan Dynasty. "History of the Yuan Dynasty" contains: "For the text, the narrative is strict, the language is simple and appropriate, and the poem is especially beautiful. ⑧ "His poems are subtle and euphemistic, natural and long, solid and rich. He is good at five ancient poems, and there are about 30 existing five-character poems and short ancient poems (four sentences). Among them, excellent works are very natural and long, such as "Four Beautiful Pictures on Wind, Smoke and Snow" (the second picture):
The flowers bloom for hours, and the clothes are brushed. It should be invisible from a distance, and the meeting is still vague. ⑨
Among the four great poets in Yuan Dynasty, the content of Jervis's poems is far richer than that of Yu Ji, Yang Zai and Fan Lian. His poems, such as Linchuan Daughter, Sleeping in the Sand for a Long Night, Song of Losing Women, Three Stories of Rain, Poem of Saving My Brother by Yan, Fisherman, Gaoyou City, Yangliuqing Ballad, Poem of Ancestors and Pipa of Elvis Lee, all reveal contradictions and unreasonable phenomena in real life to some extent.
Jiexi has been concerned about the country and the people since his youth and has written many poems reflecting social reality. The poem Linchuan Daughter describes a poor blind peasant girl who has been a servant for generations. Because her father died and her family was poor, her mother and brother were unable to support her, so they reluctantly drove her out of the house.
I am Zhu's daughter and live in Linchuan. When I was five years old, my father died, and the next day I went blind. My mother and brother are suffering day by day. Why do you want to support me? Once you hear the secret language, you go blind and walk out of the east gate. I can't see the road, but I hear the wind and rain. My mother cried for it and the neighbors sighed for it. My mother is kind and my brother is hardworking. Driven by illness and poverty, he moved to China.
"Yangliuqing storytelling" wrote:
After years of floods and droughts, without silkworms, Ding Lifu was miserable. Only the postal river guards the grave, and several big trees are connected.
..... such as Li Shang Qin Gong Shu and You Cheng Shu Shang Shu.
The collection of Jiesi includes: Complete Works of Jiesi (1985, reprinted by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House), and Qian Qingtang Bibliography contains 50 volumes of Wenjie An Gongji. The existing ancient complete works are: Sikuquanshu (14 volume) and four books.
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Note: ① ⑥ See "Records of Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province".
② ③ ④ ⑤ See Biography of Yuan History (volume 18 1)XVIII- Solution 4.
⑧ See Deng's Literature History of Yuan Dynasty.