Tang Bohu, (1470- 1524), a native of Amin dynasty, was named "Yin" because Yin was a tiger. He took the word "Bohu" and later changed it to "Wei Zi". Taohua Temple Master No.6, a Buddhist in his later years, has six nicknames, such as lay man. People from Suzhou, Jiangsu.
Give priority to township experiments (Xie Yuan). Later, he was involved in the fraud case in the examination room, and his fame and fortune were frustrated, and his family was in trouble and experienced ups and downs. In the second half of his life, he built a "Peach Blossom Temple" in Taohuawu, northwest of Suzhou City, which is famous for selling calligraphy and painting. Literature and art with Xu Zhenqing, Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhiming, named "Four Talents in Wuzhong". Tang Yin is "unruly and addicted to lewdness", calling himself "the first romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River". He is knowledgeable, versatile, writes poetry and composes music, and is good at calligraphy and painting. He is an outstanding painter in the history of painting in China, and he is good at figures, landscapes, flowers and birds. Tang Yin's calligraphy is based on painting, mainly learning from Zhao Mengfu, but also influenced by Li Beihai. His brushwork is elegant and graceful, tactfully smooth, slightly light, soft and not crazy. Wang Shizhen commented: "Bohu entered Wuxing Hall, but he was weak." (Zhou Manuscript) The circulating ink includes poems from calligraphy, couplets and fallen flowers.
Tang Bohu was very clever since he was a child, and he was good at poetry and painting. Sixteen-year-old Jinshi, nineteen-year-old married Xu. Xu Wenjing is delicate, gentle and considerate, and husband and wife love each other. His father, Tang Guangde, ran a hotel in Tangji. When his father died of a sudden stroke, he was in high spirits in Tang Bohu. His mother died with his father because she was so sad. Later, she was shocked to hear that her sister died in her husband's house. Her beloved wife passed away quietly after giving birth to the baby, and the poor baby died with her mother three days after birth. His relatives died one after another, which hit him hard and made him very depressed. Later, with the encouragement of his friends Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming, he regained his ancient prose and studied hard. As a result, he was among the best after having obtained the provincial examination, and "Tang Bohu, Duke of Xie Yuan" became famous all over the world. At the age of 27, he remarried and married He. When Tang Yin went to Beijing to take the Jinshi exam, he was betrayed by his countryman jing yuan, falsely accused of bribing the examiner, dragged into the execution ground and beaten with a stick, and put in prison.
After many twists and turns, he was proved innocent. After he was released from prison, he was down and out, and his wife left him, and his sister-in-law asked for separation. Fortunately, at this time, a good friend, nine niang (a prostitute) gave him moral support. Later, she married nine niang, who was capable and caring. Since then, she has devoted herself to painting, and Danqing has made great progress.
At the age of 365,438+0, Tang Yin began to "walk the Wan Li Road", covering Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, and made a living by selling paintings under poverty. Tang Yin is good at painting landscapes and meticulous figures, especially ladies. Her brushwork is exquisite, meticulous and elegant, and "Tang painting" is highly praised by later painters. Works handed down from ancient times include Riding a Donkey, Autumn Wind and Sailing, Li, Marriage of a lifetime, Song of Mountain Road and so on. His poems and essays include The Complete Works of Six Confucianism.
He has a daughter with nine niang. Nine niang died of overwork at the age of 37.
In the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509), Tang Yin built a room in Taohuawu, including Xuepu Hall, Mengmo Pavilion, Zhuxi Pavilion, Mosquito Butterfly Zhai, etc. (Also known as Tangjiayuan, now located in Taohuawu Street). He claimed to be the owner of Taohuawu, and once wrote Song of Taohuaan, comparing himself to a fairy who picked flowers. He lived mainly in Taohuawu for the rest of his life, and his major works of art were also produced here. Tang Yin had a rough life and was down and out at the age of 54.
Second, the anecdote of Tang Bohu
One of the "Wu Si Cai Zi". People only know that he was naughty when he was a teenager; Youth is romantic; Middle-aged and cynical. So the world polished some of his stories, so that they were compiled into many legendary novels, such as Tang Bohu's three-point Chou-heung, and so on. However, the story about the legendary Tang Bohu may not be completely true, but it can reveal that this talented painter's character is wild and unrestrained, and he doesn't live in etiquette.
At that time, Tang Bohu was already a famous painter in Ming Dynasty. So many rich and powerful people want to ask Tang Bohu for some paintings by virtue of their own power, but Tang Bohu is naturally not afraid of power and likes to make friends with the poor. Because of this, Tang Bohu would rather paint for the poor than pay attention to those high officials.
Once upon a time, there was a book called Nine Beautiful Pictures, which told the story that Tang Bohu married nine beautiful women. The plot is very bizarre. In fact, there is no such thing in history, but it is true that Tang Bohu painted nine beautiful pictures. The origin of "Nine Beautiful Pictures" is that Zhu Zhishan once went to Tang Bohu and made a bet with Tang Bohu that as long as Tang Bohu could draw ten beautiful pictures of Suzhou celebrities within one year, Zhu Zhishan would reward him with three hundred and twenty pieces of silver. But at that time, Tang Bohu ignored this point: in a good family, the door is closed on weekdays and the second door is not open. Where can I find ten photos of beautiful women? At this time, Tang Xing 'an suggested that Tang Bohu go to the mysterious temple on the first and second day of each month to easily get ten beautiful pictures, but Tang Bohu only finished nine, and these nine beautiful pictures were preserved.
Third, the anecdotes of Zhu, Wen and Zhang He.
Zhu Zhishan is Tang Bohu's best friend. His name is Xizhe. Although he is a juror, he has no intention of becoming famous. His mind is full of calligraphy, especially cursive. They are similar in temperament. They often carry a hip flask on their backs and take a fishing boat, drinking and writing poems, while enjoying the mountains and rivers, which means avoiding the world and abandoning the customs. Shortly after being framed in Kyoto, they also resigned from the position of magistrate of a county. They even went out together, put out love poems, put out wine and sent flowers. Someone once said that they once went to Yangzhou and found that the silver had been used up. I heard that Yangzhou's salt policy was elegant, so I turned into a charity monk and came to the yamen. I suggested that they write poems on stones, so I suggested that they were extremely satisfied with their works and rewarded them with money, so I played for a few more days. Zhu Zhishan's famous cursive script, coupled with Tang Bohu's exquisite painting skills, made "Tang Hua Zhuzi" famous.
Wen Bi, named Zheng Ming, is also a good friend of Tang Bohu. However, because he was strictly disciplined by his father Lin Wen when he was a child, he never dared to have sex. Therefore, when Tang Bohu and Zhu Zhishan invited two young prostitutes to make fun of him without telling him, they wrote a long letter to persuade Tang Bohu.
Tang Bohu refused to admit that he took the joke seriously, so their 20-year friendship broke up. It was not until ten years later that Tang Bohu wrote to Zheng Ming and frankly reviewed his mistakes. After Zheng Ming finished reading it, he hurried to Taohuawu. Only then did the two best friends melt their bad feelings in tears. Therefore, their friendship grew deeper and deeper, and they talked about everything until Tang Bohu died.
Zhang Ling, whose name is Jin Meng, was very clever since she was a child and won the first place in the boy test. However, due to the early death of his father, he gradually became unruly and addicted to alcohol. It's a pity that Zhu Zhishan saw him and took him as an apprentice. Since then, he has often traveled around the world with Zhu Zhishan and Tang Bohu. On one occasion, three people found that they had no money after drinking in a hotel, so Tang Bohu found a blank piece of paper and drew a few strokes, which turned it into green mountains and green waters. Zhu Zhishan picked up a pen and wrote four poems, which added a lot of color. Finally, Jin Meng added a painting child beside the green water, which made the picture full of life. This painting not only paid for the drinks, but also made them drink more. [Meng Jin has a lustful nature, does not draw official names, and has always been the best friend. 〕
The story of Tang Bohu.
Since the publication of Feng Menglong's novel "Married with a Smile", due to the noise of folk artists and operas, the story of Tang Bohu lighting Chou-heung has been widely circulated among the people, and Tang Bohu has also become a well-known historical figure in China. In folklore, Tang Bohu became a rich man with many wives. In fact, this is a great distortion of Tang Bohu's true colors. In the history of Tang Bohu, there is no legendary affair, but it is poor and bumpy.
Tang Bohu, named Tang Yin, lived in the middle of Ming Dynasty and was born in a small merchant family. Brilliant since childhood, poetry and painting, without exception. During the Hongzhi period, Xie Yuan, who won the first place after having obtained the provincial examination in Tianfu (now Nanjing), became famous for a while, and called himself "the first gifted scholar in the south of the Yangtze River". Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. In the second year's examination, Tang Bohu was implicated in the imperial examination fraud case and suffered a series of unfair lawsuits. Since then, the imperial examination has been closed, and the road to fame and fortune has been broken.
Tang Bohu was rich and famous, and his marriage was unhappy. His first wife, surnamed Xu, came from a rich family and was very snobbish. She hopes that Tang Bohu will reach the top in 2008 and become the first, and her husband and wife will also be honored. Who knows that Tang Bohu was involved in cheating in the examination room and lost the hope of being an official. Her hopes were dashed. From then on, the husband and wife turned against each other and quarreled day after day. Finally, Lao Yan parted ways and divorced. Later, a woman named Shen nine niang came into Tang Bohu's life, and they hit it off and played in harmony. Unfortunately, Shen nine niang died prematurely. Tang Bohu never took a second wife.
The failure of the imperial examination and the misfortune of marriage dealt a great blow to Tang Bohu, so he went down to the rivers and lakes, wandered around famous mountains and rivers, devoted himself to painting and calligraphy, and finally became a great man and made great artistic achievements.
Many of his stories are circulated in Suzhou. It is said that a person close to Tang Bohu asked Tang Bohu to draw a bamboo pole standing in the wind, on which lay a weaver girl. When the man came home, he hung Tang Bohu's painting in his room. In the middle of the night, the man was awakened by the cry of Weaver Girl in his sleep. He stood up and looked around in the snow. Finally, he found that the Weaver Girl who kept singing was actually the one in Tang Bohu's painting. On another occasion, Tang Bohu drew three river shrimps for a friend's fan, and the friend couldn't put it down. On a boat trip, I accidentally dropped my fan into the river. Three shrimps on the fan jumped into the river and swam away together. These legends vividly describe Tang Bohu's superb painting skills.
The rough life formed Tang Bohu's arrogant character, and he looked down on powerful people. He said in a poem: "I hope I will die of old age." Car dust is expensive, and hops are poor. "It is better to be poor than to follow suit, which reflects his character. Lofty and arrogant, is bound to offend dignitaries, therefore, Tang Bohu's life is not rich. He said in a poem: "There is no room for laughter when standing on a cone, but Wan Li was born under the pen of Jiangshan. "Life is so embarrassing that there is almost no room to stand on the cone. In another poem, he wrote: "The green hills are white-haired, old and strong, and write about the hardships of life! "Tell the situation of poor life directly. 1523, 53-year-old Tang Bohu died of poverty and disease. After his death, he was too poor to be buried, so he had to live in his house for a while. Today, near the Tang Bohu site in Taohuawu, Suzhou, there is an alley called "Tang Yin's Tomb". It was not until twenty years later that Tang Bohu's relatives and friends pooled their money to move Tang Bohu's coffin and bury it in Wang Jiacun, in the west of the city.
More than 400 years have passed, and the people of Suzhou will always miss this outstanding painter. In 1980s, Suzhou Municipal People's Government invested more than one million yuan to rebuild Tang Yin's tomb, and built a memorial hall in its cemetery to display Tang Yin's deeds and works, which was officially opened to the public on 1986.
In Tang Yin Memorial Hall, there is a couplet that summarizes Tang Yin's life. Transcribed as follows:
Ask Tang Qu what is crying. Even though Qingyun was hopeless, he won a high reputation as a talent and was above the princes.
After Song Yu's evocation, the Cang Tomb was rebuilt this time, which decorated the beautiful scenery, with beautiful lakes and mountains.
Postscript:
Ladies' painting reached its peak because of its natural and elegant, wild and uninhibited features, and the seal of "the first romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River", so it was misunderstood by later generations, leaving many romantic legends, such as "Tang Bohu Chou Xiang San Fen" and so on. In fact, his life was bumpy and poor, which was a typical example of China ancient intellectuals who had no talent and no way to serve their country. I'm afraid that he has eight wives is only the good wishes of future generations and him.
After Tang Bohu was involved in the imperial examination fraud case, he never intended to make progress. He amused himself with poems, books, paintings and wine, led a dissolute life and even wandered around brothels. But he still thinks highly of himself and carved a seal, calling himself "the first gifted scholar in Jiangnan". This poem "Yan Zhi" describes his situation and mentality:
No alchemy, no meditation, no ploughing for merchants.
If you have time to write, you can buy it in Qingshan, so as not to make money on earth.
After middle age, he was full of distress because of ups and downs, so he turned to Buddhism for sustenance. The poem "Sighing the World" shows his outlook on life at this time:
Everything is providence, so why bother trying?
You are always satisfied with three meals a day and get a sail.
When everything is born, it will harm everyone.
The enemy should reconcile, not reconcile, and turn around.
In his later years, his life was quite poor, as evidenced by poems:
Ten dynasties in a coma, eight wives hungry.
Xin is an old fool, and no one comes to buy a poem.
Down and out, quietly passed away at the age of 54, and wrote this poem before he died:
It's okay to live in death and die in hell.
Dead people are almost the same as dead people, so you should only wander in a foreign land.