Throughout the ages, many people have advocated purposeful reading. Because people's energy is not only limited, but also the goals that people can achieve in their life are limited. Therefore, only by focusing limited energy on one goal can we succeed easily, which is the same as focusing on ignition with a magnifying glass. Only by concentrating scattered sunlight can we ignite a blazing flame.
Su Dongpo once said: "Books are as rich as the sea, and there are all department stores. People can't have all the energy, but get what they want. So I hope that scholars will make one intention at a time. " The "single-minded pursuit" here is to have a clear purpose. Read around the problem you aim at.
Suhomlinski, a famous educator in the former Soviet Union, is good at tracing the causes and effects of problems that people are generally concerned about in the field of education, and devoted himself to studying and exploring its laws. He studies these problems every day, tirelessly reads monographs on pedagogy, psychology, educational history and various educational methods, and writes a large number of original papers. His works are known as "the encyclopedia of the school".
He often warns his students: "There is a sea of books and periodicals around you in Wang Yang, so you should choose the books and magazines you read very strictly and carefully." A studious person always wants to see everything, but it is impossible. Be good at limiting the reading range and excluding books and periodicals that may destroy the learning system. "Visible, only a clear goal, in order to master more knowledge in a short time.
Of course, if you want to achieve your goal, you must have internal strength to achieve it. This power is pursuit. The goals pursued are big and small. The big goal is the reading motivation due to one's inner requirements, such as ideals, curiosity and aesthetic taste. There is no obvious external pressure and it belongs to "inner strength". When you realize from your heart that reading and studying are your own needs, you will find endless "internal motivation" in generate, and you will devote yourself wholeheartedly without any scruples.
Ancient China literati always advocated reading with inherent requirements such as "self-satisfaction", "self-motivation" and "pleasure". Without this inner strength, the goal cannot be achieved. And this inner strength should be produced for a certain purpose. Without this purpose, this kind of power can neither be conscious nor lasting.
Small goals are the desire to study under external pressure, such as studying for exams, competitions and avoiding punishment. Concrete and close goals are the direct motivation that can inspire us to make great progress. The realization of a specific small goal can also strengthen the confidence to achieve the big goal of self. Lenin once said, "If you want to achieve big goals, you have to start with small goals."
When you have achieved many small goals through hard work, your big goals have also been achieved. We can also divide the big goals into many small goals, which should be accumulated over time and not be rushed. The realization of small goals is conducive to stimulating one's interest and enthusiasm. For example, if you want to recite 300 English words a month, you can arrange to recite 10 words every day. In this way, after a big goal is broken down into several small goals, it is not difficult to achieve small goals every day. As long as you keep working hard every day, your big goal will naturally come true after one month.
Every time you finish reading, you should think twice, read the previous one, remember it, master it, and then read on. Only in this way can we hit the target, grasp the needs and lay a solid foundation. We should bypass the content and chapters that have nothing to do with the goal and aim directly at the books whose actual content is related to the goal, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. At the same time, we should always check the progress and direction of our reading, which requires unremitting efforts and perseverance.
Whether it is for the realization of big goals or small goals, we must have the spirit of diligence and hardship, and we must have the perseverance to overcome all kinds of difficulties, so that we can hope to reach the brilliant peak. Diligence is the premise of paying attention to reading methods.
Interest is the internal force of diligence, and diligence is the result of interest.
Only by combining goals, diligence and interest can reading achieve remarkable results.
Attacked from all directions-attacked from all directions, one after another. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Han Ou Su has enjoyed a high reputation in the literary history of China. This "Su" is Su Shi. Su Shi is bold in writing, elegant in poetry and good at painting and calligraphy. He is the author of Yi Zhuan, The Analects of Confucius, Notes of Qiu Chi, Dongpo Zhi Lin, Dongpo Ci and Dongpo Complete Works. Among them, the Complete Works of Dongpo has more than 100 volumes, more than 2,700 poems and more than 300 poems, and there are a lot of excellent prose works. The reason why he can achieve such great success is inseparable from his diligent study all his life. He studied hard since he was a child and copied Hanshu and Shiji three times. He opposes the reading method of "reading without thinking". Secondly, he is good at reading and pays attention to reading methods.
Study hard and study hard, and make scientific research, which makes Su Shi brilliant and knowledgeable, and he is knowledgeable from ancient times to the present. Many people ask him for academic experience. His nephew Wang Yao is one of them. He asked Su Shi for a "shortcut" to "study".
Su Shi replied in Answer to the King: "There is no shortcut to win", but he suggested that reading should focus on methods.
The word "being attacked on all sides" is a military term borrowed by Su Dongpo from Sun Tzu's Art of War, which means that when studying, you should be "good at your job and divide the enemy." If you are attacked from all sides, don't be attacked from all sides, but concentrate all your elite troops on the enemy's side, surpass them in number, divide and surround them again and again, and smash the enemies one by one.
A book is very rich in content. If all aspects of knowledge are compared to "enemies", it can be said that they are "attacked on all sides".
It is impossible for a person's energy to "attack from all sides", absorb it at once and eat a fat man in one bite. When Su Shi studied Hanshu, every copy had a clear purpose: after reading it for the first time, he learned "the way to govern the world"; The second reading is to learn the method of fighting; Read for the third time, specializing in characters and official system. After reading it several times, he became familiar with many aspects of Hanshu. Even literary books, Su Shi kept reading over and over again, with different purposes each time.
Su Shi's method, in modern terms, is called "special reading method". In other words, break a book into several parts, read it from one angle and dissect it one by one. This method is characterized by in-depth and meticulous research, and can obtain single and systematic knowledge. Psychological experiments also show that when the brain inputs a variety of chaotic knowledge at the same time, it is better to remember single and systematic knowledge.
According to modern scientific theory, "being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis" contains the content of "operational research", that is, how to use one's own strength scientifically to reach the peak of intelligence.
Su Shi once said, "I can never get tired of reading old books, but I will know when I read them carefully." It can be seen that the reading method advocated by Su Shi is based on intensive reading.
The key to mastering the method of "being attacked on all sides" is to "find one idea at a time" and concentrate on solving a problem in the book. In this way, after reading it several times, you can understand the main essence of the book, and then "comprehensively" understand the meaning of the whole book and even outside the book.
Su Shi's reading method of "being attacked on all sides" was praised by Chinese and foreign scholars and had a great influence on that time and later generations. Comrade Mao Zedong once commented in the book "On Rural Investigation": "Su Dongpo is also right to study the Song Dynasty by the method of being attacked on all sides."
Today, with the surge of information, it is really a wonderful way to read "books are vast and leap by fish" and "seek them wholeheartedly".