(1880- 1942) Real name, alias Shuang,,. Hongyi Born in Houjie, Liangdian, Hebei District, Tianjin. He is a famous cultural figure in modern times and the founder of Buddhism.
The "Twenty Earthshaking" generation of masters, who combine poetry, calligraphy and painting, seal cutting, music, opera and literature, have created splendid Chinese culture and art in many fields. His calligraphy art is exquisite, "simple and perfect, natural", and modern cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo regard it as an honor to get a photo of him. He was the first pioneer to spread western music to China, the founder of China's drama, the first person to introduce western painting to China, and the pioneer of China's watercolor painting. With his outstanding artistic attainments, he has successively cultivated a generation of cultural celebrities such as famous painters Feng Zikai, Pan Tianshou and musician Liu Zhiping. After becoming a monk, he studied jurisprudence intensively and compiled works such as "Four Divisions, Buddhist and Monk Commandments", which enabled Nanshan Legalist School, which had been interrupted for 400 years, to be inherited and carried forward, and was honored as the founder of the Eleventh Legalist School by Buddhism.
10 year 10 23rd This year marks the 35th anniversary of Hony's birthday/kloc-0. The Li Shutong Museum in Tianjin specially held the exhibition "The Son of Haihe River-Li Shutong and Tianjin", including two lectures and dialogues. Now we will share some commemorative activities with readers.
My grandfather, Master Li Shutong Hony.
childhood
(1880— 1942) Real name, alias Shuang,,,. Born in Houjie, Liangdian, Hebei District, Tianjin. He is a famous cultural figure in modern times and the founder of Buddhism.
Hong Zuqing Guangxu was born on September 20, 2006 (1880 65438+1October 23) in a quadrangle in Lu Jiashu Hutong near Dizang 'an, the back street of Dongliangdian, Sanchahekou, Tianjin.
Hongzu once wrote in the song "Memories of Childhood":
When I went to Qiu Lai in the spring, the years passed, and the wanderer was injured and wandering around.
Recalling my childhood, I played at home as if it were yesterday.
There are three rafters in the hut, and there is an old plum tree, under which people are hiding.
Nana Ogawa's tall birds and fish once believed in danger.
I was happy when I was a child, but I couldn't do it.
I was happy when I was a child, but I couldn't do it.
The writing time of this song is 19 15. Lyrics fondly recall childhood life and taste the fun of childhood.
Hongzu was about three years old. His father bought a new mansion in the shape of "Tian" at No.62 Houjie (now No.60) not far from his old house, and his grandfather moved in with his family.
arouse
Hongzu was clever since childhood. He went to a private school at home when he was young. When he was 5 years old, he recited famous poems and aphorisms. At the age of 6, he began to learn Hundred Filial Pieties, Mottos and Selected Works. When I was 8 years old, I watched Celebrity Collection, Filial Piety and Tang Poetry. 1 1 year-old four books; /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, he began to post "Erya", "The Book of Songs" and "Explaining Words". He began to study Ci and seal cutting at the age of 15 ... While studying China's traditional poetry books, he also studied arithmetic and foreign languages. Born in a wealthy family, he has no interest in business, but he is quite devoted to poetry, seal cutting and even opera.
In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), he went to Fu Jen Academy to study poetry and exchange ideas. Fu Jen Academy is located in Wenchang Palace in the southwest corner of the old city of Tianjin, later called Wenchang Palace Primary School. Hongzu once wrote a school song for Wenchang Palace Primary School. The lyrics are: "Wenchang is in the sky, the light of civilization. Excellent people, primary school teachers; Beginners are fundamental and practical; The spirit jumped and became an article. If you don't see it, seventy-two waters have a long history. " Wenchanggong Primary School in Hongqiao District is still singing this school song.
From 65438 to 0897, Hongzu took the Confucianism examination in Tianjin County as a boy. 1998 entered Tianjin county to take the exam. He has written many articles in the past two years, because he has read classics, history and poetry, and has a solid learning foundation. Besides, he has been very clever since he was a child. Every exam, he always feels that he has endless ideas. According to the format, the article needs to write one word per grid, and the paper handed down by the teacher is limited. My grandfather always feels that he has something to say, and his papers are long, so he writes two words in a row, winning the reputation of "Li Shuangxing", and his articles are often among the best.
Hongzu laid a solid foundation of literature and art in Tianjin in his youth, which mainly benefited from his teachers, Mr. Tang Jingyan and Mr. Zhao.
Hongzu's calligraphy and seal cutting mainly benefited from the educational guidance of Mr. Tang Jingyan. /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, he asked Tang Jingyan to read all the books. Hongzu signed the original work of Tang Jingyan Sima, and Mr. Tang Jingyan made a special postscript. 1899 published this book in Shanghai specially for Mr. Wang, which is enough to show Hongzu's spirit of respecting teachers and attaching importance to Taoism.
Grandfather's poems and articles were mainly taught by Mr. Zhao, a Tianjin celebrity who admired Su Dongpo. He mainly teaches his grandfather Su the art of poetry. My grandfather is familiar with Tang poetry and five pronouns. Under the guidance of Su Shi, he was taught by Mr. Zhao Yuanli and entered the Song Dynasty from the Tang Dynasty. Then read through two generations of famous works, and got the mystery of Tang poetry and Song poetry, and advanced poetry.
Li Shutong's childhood memory score
Move south
1898, 19-year-old grandfather moved to Shanghai with his mother and his wife. When he first arrived in Shanghai, he lived in the French Concession Brinley. Because young and energetic, I learned everything, so I joined the "Chengnan Literature Society" shortly after I arrived in Shanghai.
"Chengnan Literature Society" is a group that discusses poems and articles. After he joined the literary society, he immediately showed his outstanding talent and was among the best in several poetry evaluations. The activity place of "Chengnan Literature Society" is "Chengnan Caotang", and its owner is Xu. His name is Rong, and he is from Songjiang, Jiangsu. His family is rich and generous. He is regarded as the leader of the new academic circles in Shanghai.
Xu also often carries out prize-winning essay writing activities. Since my grandfather came to Shanghai, as long as he participated in the submission, he always won the first prize. Xu appreciated his talent, so he gave up some rooms in the "south of the city thatched cottage" and invited his grandfather and his family to move in. Since then, they have become close friends.
Among the people attending the "South House" party were Cai Xiaoxiang and Zhang. They were also famous figures in Shanghai's literary and art circles at that time. These five gifted scholars are similar in age and like-minded, and decided to form the friendship of "five friends in the world" in Jin Lan.
Besides writing poems, my grandfather also takes part in artistic activities. 1900 in March, together with friends, we organized the "Maritime Painting and Calligraphy Association" in the former site of Liu Yang Loutai, Fuzhou Road, Shanghai, and published a book and pictorial every week, which was distributed with the newspaper by Chinese and foreign Daily. He edited "Away from Pu Yin" and published "Away from Poetry Clock", and its influence was just as he said: "Twenty articles shocked the world".
My great-grandmother 1905 died, and my grandfather was very filial to his parents. He had to transport his great-grandmother's coffin back to Tianjin, and according to the old rule, "you can't enter the house outside." Therefore, the two brothers did not agree with this. After the mediation of relatives and friends, they finally said that the coffin of great-grandmother entered from the main entrance and also came out from the main entrance during the funeral. Clear his mother's name.
Six days before the funeral, Tianjin Ta Kung Pao predicted in the column of Benfu News that "civilized funeral service" was the topic:
"Hedong jun, the master of the new world, also, his mother, Mrs. Wang, died months ago. Li Jun is scheduled to hold a memorial service on the 29th of this month (in July) to get rid of all red tape and not engage in new documents. " . The next day, the specific content of the "new document" was announced: except that "Western food is for guests to enjoy".
And attach "Archie":
"Funerals in our country are full of red tape and vulgar customs. Jun Guangping ("Guangping" is Li Shutong's word) is willing to work hard to get rid of the old. After consulting with my colleagues, I made some changes and made the following new documents with reference to the examples of memorial services in eastern and western countries: 1. If my colleagues want to pay tribute, write poems, write couplets, or send flowers, please don't give them ribbons, cartons, money, dollars, etc. Second, it is not allowed to mourn the old musical instruments when they come. If you have to pay tribute, please bow at the meeting. 3. Memorial Ceremony: A, Meeting, B, Consolation of Family Members, C, Flowers of Family Members, D, Bowing and Bowing of Family Members, E, Bowing and Bowing of Guests, Family Members and Family Members expressed their gratitude to the guests, Geng, dismissed. "
The whole funeral is western-style, with eulogy (not the eulogy read by the dutiful son on his knees). My grandfather played the piano and sang his own elegy. The whole family dressed in black sent him to the funeral.
Great-grandmother's funeral, when feudal forces fought back after the Reform Movement of 1898, grandfather showed great courage in reforming the funeral system. Grandfather was born pure and filial, and after his mother died, he changed his name to "Li Ai" and the word "Ai Gong". According to Mr. Feng Zikai's article Fawei, his grandfather once said that his mother's death made him "from the happiest time in his life to constant sorrow and sorrow until he became a monk". Grandfather reformed the funeral system to express his deep condolences to his mother.
Renew the wisdom of the Buddha
"Becoming a monk is a man's business, not something that ordinary generals can do." Hongzu 19 18 became a monk. Hongzu's becoming a monk does not involve any secular factors. It is entirely for carrying forward Buddhism, continuing Buddhism wisdom, spreading Buddhism, benefiting life, carrying forward Buddhism and benefiting all beings. Until/kloc-0 died in 942, he made great contributions to Buddhism in these twenty-four years. At that time, in view of the relaxation of Buddhist precepts, he devoted himself to studying legalists, learning to abide by the law, set an example for the Buddhist community with his strict precepts, and revived the "Nanshan Legalist" who had been submerged for 700 years, fulfilled his vows of Dafa, studied the collection of laws and articles, and compiled many ancient books on legalists, collectively called "Nanshan Legalist Garden Series", among which "Four Points and Monks' Commandments". The conception, guilt, fate, origin, merger and thinking listed in the table are detailed and clear, and beginners can easily get their way, which can be called the first masterpiece of Yuan Zhao (Ganoderma lucidum), a lawyer in the Song Dynasty.
Learning and carrying forward the precepts has always been the full-time job of monks and nuns, and lay people at home dare not ask the Dharma, so their understanding of the precepts is limited to the five precepts and the eight precepts at most. For this reason, Hongzu compiled Nanshan Law for reading at home, which provided favorable conditions for laity to learn law at home.
After being ordained, Hongzu practiced strictly, did not eat in the afternoon, and practiced the precepts. The monk is simple, barefoot and dignified, which fully embodies his free state of mind. All thoughts, words and deeds, walking, living, sitting and lying are cautious. On one occasion, Mr. Feng Zikai sent a roll of rice paper to Hongzu to write the Buddha's name. There is too much rice paper. Hongzu wrote to ask what to do with the extra rice paper. Mr. Feng Zikai had prepared more for Hongzu to dispose of at will, and quickly wrote back to explain: "Extra paper. Give it to the mage, please do whatever you want. " On another occasion, Mr. Feng Zikai sent back a stamp with a few extra points, and Hongzu returned the extra points to him. Therefore, Feng Zikai will explain the redundant usage in advance in the future, and Hongzu will use it.
Hong Zu studied the Huayan Classic of Dafang Guangfo and synthesized the incisive sentences in various translations into a book called Huayan Jilian 300. Hua Yan Ji Lian 300 strives to maintain the original intention of Hua Yan Jing and is rich in Buddhist philosophy. It's neat and flexible. Coupled with the solemnity of calligraphy art, it is more fascinating and jubilant.
What Hongzu admired most after becoming a monk was the engraving master. Recommend Carving Master Paper Money to beginners. In a letter to Yao Shizi, he said, "The Master lives in Putuo now. He was once a famous Confucian. He has been a monk for more than 20 years. He is the first monk in the world. His character is noble and strict, which I admire most. " After Hongzu became a monk, he did not become an abbot, an animal, a believer, or like fame and fortune. As an abbot, he has to deal with the secular outside and manage the secular inside, which hinders the Taoist industry. Therefore, Hongzu, like Master Yin Guang, took not being an abbot as the first condition of his real ambition, devoted himself to the study of Buddhism, and "transformed" the thought of Buddhism into the logical thinking of Confucianism. Master Zhi Ruijin wrote in his letter when he established the "Buddhist School of Holding Righteousness": "The original intention of Hongyi's advocacy is to make scholars believe in the inspiration of Buddha and Bodhisattva, the theory of karma between good and evil, know how to become a monk and what to do after becoming a monk, so as to shape a good character and learn from pure monks. As for the arts and sciences, the Confucian cloud' a scholar should be a prophet before literature and art' also means this. I would like to write my humble opinion for reading. " Hongzu believes that when putting morality first and words second, we should not only be proficient in theory, but also be a down-to-earth person.
Now, some "researchers" and "experts" have published articles to "reveal" the reason why Hongzu became a monk with various speculations, and advise everyone not to waste time here, so as not to spread false information to mislead future generations. It is better to learn about Hongzu's achievements and contributions to Buddhism in the twenty-four years after he became a monk, and learn the teachings of Buddhism by the way. When the ideological level is improved, everything will be clear.
Remembering Buddha and saving the country
"Remembering Buddha does not forget to save the country. To save the country, you must recite Buddha. " Hongzu advocated it in 1937. At that time, the arrogance of Japan's invasion of China was arrogant. The owner lives in Wanshiyan, Xiamen, and the self-titled room is a "martyrdom" room. And said: "In order to protect the law, I am not afraid of shells." Hongzu thought, "We eat millet from China and drink water from Wenling. As a Buddhist, it is difficult to travel around the world at this time. It is better to be a dog. " Hongzu always thinks about the fate of the country and the nation, and is widely respected by monks and laymen. In the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (10), in order to encourage the monks in Chengtian Temple in Quanzhou to carry forward the spirit of patriotism and love of religion, Hongzu wrote an inscription: "Remembering Buddhism does not forget to save the country, and saving the country must be remembered." At the end of the poem, he added, "A Buddha who is enlightened can swear to lay down his life, sacrifice everything, be brave and diligent, and save the country and the people. Therefore, in order to save the country, it is necessary to recite Buddha. "
Later, Xiamen was bombed by Japanese planes and shrapnel entered the room. Hongzu is fearless, just like one of his poems: "A graceful chrysanthemum is high in the evening. Yun Hehong, martyrdom is bleeding. " Hongzu's patriotism and love of teaching are always worth learning and praising.
1937 wrote a song for the first sports meeting in Xiamen. The lyrics are:
"You see that, the enemy of the future, what kind of cabin, please think about it, don't hesitate. Please preside over the state affairs under the leadership of the leaders, and then drink Huanglong to win glory for the nation. "
In the face of Japanese aggression, we should awaken people from all walks of life in China and throw ourselves into the torrent of saving the country and the people. Hongzu publicized patriotic thoughts at the opening ceremony, and wrote a banner of "Remembering Buddha does not forget to save the country, and saving the country must remember Buddha", and added a postscript: "A Buddha who realizes the truth can swear to lay down his life, sacrifice everything, be brave and diligent, and save the country, so saving the country must remember Buddha." Hongzu put forward the idea of saving the country by remembering Buddhism, which is a pioneering work of Buddhist teachings and has been supported and respected by the four disciples of Buddhism.
Establish a Buddhist training center.
Nanputuo Temple in Xiamen is a tourist attraction in southern Fujian, where incense is flourishing. From 1925 to 1937, Master Changxing and Master Taixu successively presided over Minnan Buddhist College here, and Buddhist scholars from all directions came to study, with hundreds of people before and after. The style of study is the highest among Buddhist colleges in China. Most of the well-known wizards who promote Buddhism at home and abroad come from this hospital. Later, due to a slight relaxation of the style of study, agitation often occurs. Master Chang Xing, then Dean, invited Hongzu to give lectures at Minnan Buddhist College to rectify the style of study. When Hongzu went to Minnan Buddhist College, he saw that the monks did not listen to the constraints and thought that the time was not yet ripe. Advocate setting up another college and starting over. At this time, Master Ruijin and Master Guangqia are leading the extension of Nanputuo Houshan and approaching Hongzu's practice to learn. From the beginning, Hongzu advocated the establishment of an academy, taking the meaning of "enlightenment and righteousness" in the Book of Changes, and suggested the establishment of a Buddhist college, and personally drafted the articles of association and the number of schools, and hired Master Changxing as the dean, Master Guangqia as the inspector, and Master Gao Wenxian as the lecturer, so as to recruit monks to attend classes and teach at the same time as Minnan Buddhist College. Comparing the two, it turns out that the rules of Zheng Yang Academy are more serious, the number of students is increasing, and most of them are young Minnan people, which has also created many Buddhist monks. Hongzu sometimes comes to Zheng Yang Hospital to give lectures, "Four things that young Buddhists should pay attention to" (first, cherish blessings; Second, study hard; Third, keep the precepts; Fourth, self-esteem was said in Zheng Yang Hospital. Hongzu not only attaches importance to the research of teaching theory, but also attaches great importance to the practice of abstinence, which can be described as learning from time to time and harmony between things. Soon, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, Xiamen was an important military place, the compound was occupied by the army, and the Buddhist Zheng Yang Hospital was closed after only three years.
198 1 7 1 year-old Miao Zhan rebuilt the Buddhist Zheng Yang monastery in Nanputuo Temple, which has continued to this day.
Hongzu's words and deeds are our code of conduct.
It has been 64 years since Hongzu died. Because of my age, I have never been close to Hongzu, and I have no chance to listen to Hongzu's teachings in person. But Hongzu left us a valuable cultural heritage and rich Buddhist works. When we read Master Hongyi's Lectures, it seems that Hongzu is teaching us face to face, and we feel very cordial. Thank you very much for recording and collecting these materials.
In the early years, there was a couplet at home: cherish clothes and food, and do not hesitate to be rich and happy ... Hongzu said in Four Points that young Buddhists should pay attention: "Even if we are lucky, we should enjoy three points, and the rest can be left for later." I have been educated by my family since I was a child and know the necessity of cherishing happiness. Study hard, self-respect and discipline are the principles of our growth.
Nowadays, there are more and more worshippers and admirers of Hong Zuchong in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province and even all over the world, and memorial halls and commemorative meetings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. Learning Buddha means becoming a Buddha, and commemorating Master Hongyi means learning from Master Hongyi and being Master Hongyi. With a normal heart and a childlike heart, through various commemorative activities, I thoroughly studied Hong Zushan's words and deeds, followed Hong Zushan's example, and saw the sage Si Qi "seeking righteousness from the heart and forgetting to help others." Let "Hong Xue" culture go deep into modern culture and life, apply what you have learned, promote the development of today's harmonious society, enrich our knowledge, make our personality more complete, and be the successor of the spirit of Hongzu. (This article is Ms. Li Lijuan's speech in Tianjin Wenbo Lecture Hall. Authorized to publish, but due to limited original space, it was abridged. )