1. Understand? Fu? Understand the style of Su Shi's Fu.
2. Master key notional words, function words, interchangeable words, ancient and modern synonyms and key sentence patterns.
3. Learn and appreciate the scenery description and philosophical exposition of this article.
4. Understand Su Shi's thoughts and learn from the open-minded and optimistic spirit of the ancients.
5. Understand the internal relationship between situation, emotion and reason.
Teaching focus
Su Shi's attitude towards life in the dialogue with nature and the universe.
Teaching difficulties
The internal relationship between scenery, emotion and reason.
Teaching preparation
Students translate the whole text, mark the words that can't be translated and leave them for discussion in class. Do a good job in the preparation of word phonetic notation, author introduction and composition background introduction.
teaching method
Read aloud, discuss, explain and expand the content.
Teaching media
Multimedia courseware uses specific questions to write notes.
teaching process
first kind
First, import
[Multimedia Development]
? Maturity is a bright but not dazzling brilliance, a mellow but not greasy voice, a calmness that no longer needs to observe other people's faces and colors, an atmosphere that finally no longer appeals to the surroundings, a smile that ignores the hubbub, a indifference that washes away extremes, a heavy and silent height, and a height that is not steep. Passion has been fermented, the fierce mountain wind has stopped, and the rushing trickle has merged into a lake. And the result? The prelude to guiding the famous works through the ages has sounded, and a mysterious skylight is shooting at Huangzhou. "Niannujiao? "Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Red Cliff Fu" will be produced soon. ?
In the "mountain notes"? Su Dongpo's breakthrough
Don't pay attention to the beating rain in the forest. Mei sings a long whistle and walks leisurely. Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. The coolness of spring breeze awakens my wine, and the cold begins to be cold, and the peak of the sun is the sun, but it is satisfied in time. Looking back at the place where I met the wind and rain, going back, for me, there is no wind and rain, but it is still sunny.
? Su Shi's Ding Feng Bo
Students read the above two paragraphs and feel the author's personality characteristics.
The purpose of the design is to let students know about Su Shi? Mature? 、? Is it easy? 、? Atmosphere? Still there? Storm? His inner peace, right? Rain or shine? This leads to his ideological core: Su Shi perfectly unifies Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: cultivate one's morality with Confucianism, govern one's mind with Buddhism and nourish one's mind with Taoism. This will pave the way for students to understand the author's thoughts.
Second, close to the author:
The student profile author, the teacher added:
(1) the word Zizhan, Dongpo lay. (2) The founder of the bold and unconstrained ci style in the Song Dynasty, whose ci is bold and lofty, has far-reaching influence. "Red Cliff Nostalgia" is the masterpiece of this style. 3 What is it? Eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties? First, his prose is a blend of sense and reason, and Wang Yang is willful. (4) Su Shi is also a very famous painter.
The purpose of the design is to check the students' preview, and get a more three-dimensional understanding of the author through the integration of students and the supplement of teachers.
Third, the writing background
Student introduction [multimedia development]
In October of the ninth year of Xining, Wang Anshi's political reform was frustrated and the trend of political reform was reversed. Some elements who speculate on the new law collude for personal gain and pursue revenge. Su Shi, who dared to speak frankly, became a victim of bureaucratic and political struggles. Yuan Feng arrived in Huzhou in April and was suddenly arrested on July 28th. The evidence is a pile of poems by Su Shi. It turns out that Su Shi's poems have revealed some complaints, expressed different opinions on the new law, and criticized its abuses. What is its purpose? Because of the poet's meaning, seeking irony? These have become the handle of impeachment. Those treacherous little people vilified him? Biting resentment and anger, doing ugly things? Accuse of riding a horse? Hide evil intentions? Put him in jail. At that time, relatives and friends were shocked, and family members were shocked. Su Shi was humiliated and tortured in prison, and sometimes he felt that he would die. He once wrote two poems to bid farewell to his younger brother. It's a green hill where bones can be buried. He got wet alone? This poem. Thanks to the rescue of relatives and friends, Song Shenzong didn't want to kill him. At the end of this year, he was released from prison and relegated to Huangzhou in the name of Huangzhou Yingyong, Ministry of Water Resources.
In the first month of the third year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi lived in Huangzhou for five years and lived a hard life there. With the help of friends, he opened dozens of acres of wasteland, dug manhole covers, built houses and plowed the land. Dongpo lay man? . When Su Shi was in Huangzhou, his thoughts were contradictory: on the one hand, he felt resentment and pain at being hit so cruelly; On the other hand, I always want to get rid of Laozi and Zhuangzi Buddhism. At the same time, he felt warm and strengthened his confidence in interacting with Tian Ye. On the one hand, he showed his broad-minded and adaptable personality, on the other hand, he made his thoughts closer to reality. His poems on the red wall reflect his thoughts and feelings at this time.
Teacher: Sue? Wutai poetry case? When I was demoted to Huangzhou, every time I went to Chibi, the legendary ancient battlefield, I couldn't help feeling a lot and sighing. As a result, two excellent essays have been added in the history of China literature-Qian Chibi Fu and Hou Chibi Fu. When he wrote "Fu on the Former Red Wall", he spread out the paper and wrote a long scroll, which was extremely successful. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang, a painter and calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty, saw the original work and was deeply impressed. Dong Qichang made a famous postscript:? Given by Mr Dongpo, Chu Sao changed; This book? Lanting? One of them has changed. ? This is the most profound and noble evaluation of Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu and his calligraphy.
[Multimedia Development] Su Shi's Calligraphy Works of Qianchibi Fu
The purpose of the design is to cultivate students' language expression and generalization ability through introduction. At the same time, the presentation of the background is conducive to students' thorough understanding of the text. The purpose of displaying Su Shi's calligraphy works is to broaden students' horizons, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, stimulate students' aesthetic taste, and at the same time deeply feel Su Shi's personal cultivation.
Fourth, about? Fu?
[Multimedia Development]
Fu, which began in Han and Wei Dynasties, is a style between poetry and prose. In different historical periods, it has changed in the system, and has generally experienced Han Fu (Sao Fu, Da Fu, lyric Fu Xiao), Wei and Jin Parallel Prose Fu, Tang Dynasty Rhyme Fu and Song Dynasty Prose Fu. Prose fu, also known as literary fu, is a style that appeared after the middle Tang Dynasty. Fu is a kind of poetry with relatively free and flexible form. Sentences are mainly written in four or six languages, emphasizing literary talent, using question-and-answer forms and extravagant talks. After the Han Dynasty, Fu developed in parallel prose and prose. In the former, parallel prose and verse appeared, paying attention to double neat balance and strict requirements on rhyme. The latter developed into prose, paying no attention to parallel couplets and melodies, with long or short sentence patterns and more free rhyming.
Prose has some characteristics of poetry and prose, and is not limited by the framework of parallel prose and legal prose. It absorbed more prose styles and techniques, and formed a fresh and smooth prose style momentum. Qian Chi Bi Fu is a typical work of this style. Su Shi's "Fu on the Red Wall" got rid of the flashy rhetoric of Wei and Jin Dynasties and closely focused on his own? Pool? , the pursuit of true feelings. Although there is not much pen and ink in the description of the scenery in the article, the artistic conception is really fresh, the scenery description is beautiful and natural, and the emotional expression is sincere and simple. In terms of creative style, it has reached the level of perfection and become an immortal masterpiece.
Teacher: Let's listen to the old teacher read this famous historical work and feel it in the background of music. Fu? The basic characteristics and rhythm of the article.
The purpose of the design is to let students expand their knowledge by understanding Fu. At the same time, let the students know about this article. Question and answer? What are the forms of rhyming duality? Fu? The basic characteristics of. The old teacher's reading replaces the model reading in the player, which strengthens the affinity of teachers and shortens the distance with students. At the same time, we can consciously adjust the stress, so that students can deepen their impression of text reading.
Verb (short for verb) Check preview.
① Voice check
[Multimedia Development]
It is a rare boat for a woman who is a guest in Guangxi.
[Student's phonetic notation]
Genus (zhǔ) Hakka Guiyan (zh? O) I (l? ) female (qiǒo) ran (zh? ) hey (l? )
Hey (Shu? ) um (p? O) (sh: and) wine level (piān) fewer boats (shǒo).
Design purpose Check preview, accumulate words and lay a solid foundation.
② Students exchange the words that can't be translated in the preview, so that the students who can translate can solve them, and the teachers who can't make it clear can solve them. Finally, I will ask the keyword spot check.
The first paragraph: genus: communication? Tell? , persuade wine. Shao Yan: Temporarily, not temporarily. Horizontal: masking.
Go to. Ling: Over. Feng: Tong? By who? .
The second paragraph: emptiness: the river is bright in the moonlight. Peace by song: harmony, coordinate conjunction: upstream.
There is also: accompaniment. Dancing and crying: it is the use of the servant.
The third paragraph: sadness: the way of color change. Alcohol and tobacco: pour wine. Baa bottle: wine container. Hate Taiwan: Sad autumn wind.
The fourth paragraph: surplus and deficiency: full moon, lack of moon. Pawn: Finally. Gai: The adverb at the beginning of the sentence indicates speculation. Zeng: Almost, unexpectedly.
Hide: treasure. Comfort: Comfort, extended enjoyment.
The purpose of the design is to let students learn the literal translation method used in ancient Chinese translation in the process of mutual assistance and cooperation. Let students participate in the classroom, consult or be teachers in the process of communication. It not only enlivens the classroom, but also coordinates the relationship between students. Finally, through the teacher's questioning of key words, one is to consolidate, and the other is to detect whether there are students who are shy or for other reasons, don't understand and ask some difficult words and sentences.
Sixth, content analysis.
Students answer and integrate.
[Multimedia Development]
This paper describes the beautiful scenery on the moonlit night and the pleasant mood of drinking and writing poems on the river, and then plays a very melancholy tune through the guest's flute, which causes a question and answer between the host and the guest, and the focus of the article shifts to the debate on the attitude towards life. The article reveals some negative emotions, but it also embodies an open-minded and optimistic spirit. Contained but not revealed, it is intended to imply that feelings are integrated into the description of the scenery, and full of grief and indignation are placed under the broad-minded style. This is one of the reasons why it became a famous article.
The purpose of the design is to cultivate students' overall ability to grasp the text on the basis of reading and translating the text in classical Chinese.
Seven, homework after class
Thinking: [Multimedia Development]
1. What did you write in the first paragraph of the article?
2. What has changed in the second paragraph?
3. In the third paragraph, why are you sad?
4. Paragraph 4? Me? Why are you optimistic?
In the fifth paragraph, what is the relationship between the beginning and the end?
Reflection after class
Students can quickly enter the situation and actively participate in activities under the guidance of teachers. Seduction and exploration? Theory advocates it? Students are the main body of learning, and teachers are the guidance of students? However, some students don't know how to translate the text literally in the process of translation, and think that the meaning is enough. More practice and guidance are needed in this respect.