Spring and Autumn Period (14):
Zhou Pingwang (770-720 BC)
King Jilin of Zhou Huan (7 19 BC-697 BC)
Ji Tuo, King of Zhouzhuang (696-682 BC)
Zhouji (6865438 BC+677 BC)
Zhou people (676 BC-652 BC)
Zhou Xiang Wang Zheng Ji (65 BC1year to 6 BC19)
King Ji Renchen of Zhou Qing (6 18 BC-6 13 BC)
Zhou Kuang Ji Wang Class (6 12 BC-607 BC)
Yu Ji, King of Zhou Ding (606 BC-586 BC)
Ji Yi, King of Zhou Jianguo (585 BC-572 BC)
Ji Xiexin was born in Zhou Lingwang (57 BC1year to 545 BC).
Guiji, King of Zhou Jing (544 BC-5265438 BC)
Zhou Mourning (520 BC)
Zhou Wang Jing Ji Gai (520-477 BC)
Warring States period (12):
Zhou Yuanwang Jirentai (476-469 BC)
Zhou Zhen Dingwang (468 BC-44 BC1)
Ji Quji, King of Zhou Dynasty (44 BC1)
Ji Shu, King of Zeus (44 BC1year)
Zhou (44 BC1year to 426 BC)
King Wu Ji of Zhou Weilie (425 BC-402 BC)
Zhou Anguo Wang Jijiao (40 BC/KLOC-0 BC/-376 BC)
Ji Xi, Zhou Liewang (375-369 BC)
Zhou Xianwang Ji Bian (368 BC-3265438 BC)
Zhou Hewang (320 BC-3 BC15 years)
Ji Yan, Zhou Nanwang (365438-256 BC)
Zhou people (255 BC-249 BC)
Edit the vassal states in this paragraph.
In addition to foreign countries such as Qi, Jin, Chu, Qin, Chen, Cai, Wu and Yue, there are also: 1, Song State: a part of land located between present-day southeastern Henan Province and present-day Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. The capital was originally in Suiyang (now southwest of Shangqiu City, Henan Province). 2. Lu: There is now the southeast of Shandong Province, and its capital is Qufu (now Qufu, Shandong Province). 3. Zheng Guo: In today's central Henan Province, the capital is Zheng (now xinzheng city, Henan Province). 4. Defending the country: in the north between Henan Province and Shandong Province, the capital is Puyang (now Puyang, Henan Province). 5. Juguo: There are Anqiu, Zhucheng, Yishui, Juxian and Rizhao counties in Shandong, and its capital is Juxian (now Juxian, Shandong). 6. Zou Guo: Today, there are counties and cities such as Fei, Zoucheng, Tengzhou, Jining and Jinxiang in Shandong Province, and the capital is Zou (now the south of Zoucheng, Shandong Province). 7. Zhou Dynasty: During the Warring States Period, only Luoyang, Yanshi, Gong, Ruyang and the area on the other side of the Yellow River in present-day wen county. Jiandu Zhou (now northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province). Although it is not a vassal state in name, it has actually become a vassal state. ) 8. Qi State: There is Qixian County in Kaifeng, Henan Province. 9. Cai Guo: There is now Shangcai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province (now Shangcai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province). 10, Tan Guo: Now there is the southwest of Shandong Tancheng. 1 1, Ren Guo: There is now the northern part of Jining, Shandong. 12, Tengguo: Located in the southwest of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province. 13, Guo Xue: It is about the southeast of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province today. 14,: located in the east of Feixian County, Shandong Province, and the other is the capital of Sliding Country, located in Huaxian County, Henan Province. 15, Guo Ni: The country of Zoubiefeng lies in the east of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, and the northwest of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province. 16, Zeng Guo: In the early Warring States period, it occupied Suixian County in Shangqiu, Henan Province or Xinyang City in Henan Province, and established Xiyang as its capital (now southwest of Guangshan, Henan Province). 17, Gou Guo: In the northwest of Cangshan Mountain in Shandong Province, it was destroyed by Ju Guo in 567 BC, and then it was restored to the motherland, and it was destroyed by Yue in 450 BC. 18, Pizhou: The junction of Danshui and Yishui should be in the south of Shandong Province, east of Song State and south of Tan State. 19, Guo Xing: a native of Xingtai, Hebei Province, the fourth son of Duke Zhou.
Historical event
Zhou Pingwang moved the capital.
In 770 BC, due to civil strife and frequent dog invasions, Zhou Pingwang was forced to move its capital from Haojing to Luoyi. Since Luoyi lies to the east of Haojiang, the history of the Zhou Dynasty since then is called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 ~ 22 BC1).
Periventricular recession
After Wang Ping moved eastward, Zhou gradually declined. First, my grandfather, Shen Hou, led the dog to invade the capital and killed the King Youwang. With Shen Hou's support, he was suspected of killing his father, thus reducing Zhou's prestige among the princes. Secondly, the power of the vassal States gradually became stronger and finally moved eastward, leaving only a small piece of land, and the Zhou royal family declined. In the explanation of the twelfth year of Zhou (Zhou), the status of Zhou Wang has been seriously reduced, but it still retains the name of the Lord of the world. Zheng Zhuanggong led the army to explore the East and the West and dominate the Central Plains. Spring and autumn map
Qi Huangong is dominant.
685 years ago, Qi Huangong succeeded to the throne, taking Guan Zhong as the prime minister, reorganized the national politics, abolished the mining field system, set taxes according to the fertility of the land, set up salt and iron officials to cast money, increased fiscal revenue, and integrated military and agricultural organizations, thus increasing the source of soldiers and fighting capacity, and quickly became the richest country in China. Then he played the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries", and gathered governors to help or interfere in other countries for many times to fight against the righteous emperor, and finally became the overlord in the third year of King Zhou Nuo (679 BC). In the twenty-first year of King Hui of Zhou (656 BC), Qi Huangong led the allied forces of eight vassal states, and forced Chu to submit to him with superior forces, forming an alliance of Zhaoling, becoming the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Since then, Qi Huangong has established the overlord alliance system.
Song-Chu dispute
After the death of Qi Huangong, Li Diao, Yi Ya, etc. There was chaos in the world, five sons fought for power, and Qi was in civil strife. It is said that Qi Huangong's five sons fought each other, and the arrow hit Qi Huangong's body, and no one cared. With the rise of Chu State in the south, King Chu Cheng pointed his finger at the Central Plains after destroying several small countries in the north. On the basis of supporting Duke Xiao of Qi and pacifying Qi chaos, Song Xianggong tried to reunite the governors and dominate the world. However, the lack of strength and prestige of the Song State is a disgrace to the State of Chu. In the 15th year of Song Xianggong (638 BC), the two armies of Song and Chu fought in a flood. When the Chu army crossed the river, Sima Yuzi of the Song Dynasty suggested that Song Xianggong should "kill halfway". Song Xianggong said that attacking while the enemy was crossing the river refused the suggestion on the grounds of unkindness and injustice. After the Chu army crossed the river, Yu Zi suggested attacking while the Chu army was in chaos. Song Xianggong refused again on the grounds of unkindness and injustice. After Chu Jun attacked, Song Jun was defeated, and Song Xianggong was shot in the thigh, and died of injury the following year. At that time, the king of Chu became the overlord in name only.
Jin Wengong is dominant.
In the northern state of Jin, he and Zhou Shi lived in the same family. Love for Ji threw national politics into chaos. In 636 BC, Zhong Er, son of Jin Xiangong, succeeded Jin Wengong to the throne of Jin under the escort of Qin Mugong. He reformed politics, developed economy, reorganized the army, won the trust of the people, stabilized the royal family and was friendly to Qin. He has high prestige in Wang Zizhong. In the twentieth year of King Xiang of Zhou (633 BC), the Chu army surrounded Shangqiu, the capital of the Song State. At the beginning of the following year, Jin Wengong led the troops to save the Song Dynasty, defeated the Chu army in the battle of Chengpu, and became the overlord.
Jinxiang Gong Jie bar
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yuhuan had three sections.
After Jin Wengong's death, his son, Duke Xiang of Jin, succeeded to the throne and became the new monarch and overlord of the State of Jin. 628 years ago, taking advantage of Wen Gong's new funeral, he sent troops to attack Zheng. Duke Xiang of Jin sent troops to defeat the State of Qin in the Battle of Kan and captured three generals of the State of Qin. Since then, the State of Qin has repeatedly attacked the State of Jin. Duke Xiang of Jin still couldn't break the strategic blockade of the State of Jin, and kept his hegemony.
Qin Mugong controls Xirong.
After his death, he sought to develop eastward and was blocked by Jin. Qin Jun was defeated in the Battle of Kan and the Battle of Peng Ya. Qin Mugong resolutely adjusted its national policy, turned to the west, annexed some Rongdi tribes and dominated Xirong.
Chu won the Central Plains.
After the battle of Chengpu, Chu kept a low profile and developed eastward, destroying many small countries, reaching Yunnan in the south and the Yellow River in the north. Chu Zhuangwang reformed its internal affairs, quelled riots and built water conservancy projects, making its national strength stronger. He even asked the king's emissary about the size of the tripod offering sacrifices to heaven and earth in order to destroy Zhou's independence. This is the origin of the word "winning the championship". In the tenth year of King Ding Zhou (597 BC), Chu and Jin fought in Cun (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan) and won a great victory. Soon after, it invaded the Song Dynasty, and the Jin people dared not save it, so the small countries in the Central Plains turned to Chu, and the Chu people dominated the Central Plains.
Chu Jin saw it.
After the death of Chu Zhuangwang in 59 1 year, the hegemony of Chu gradually declined. The State of Jin experienced the governance of Duke Jing of Jin and Jin Ligong, and gradually surpassed that of Chu. Jin defeated Qi and Qin in the pommel horse battle in 589 and the horse tunnel battle in 578 respectively, and the national situation revived. Later, the third world war broke out between Chu Jin and China-the battle of Yanling. The state of Jin ended in victory, and the hegemony of Chu was weakened more seriously. But soon there was civil strife in the state of Jin, and Jin Ligong was killed. At this stage, Chu Jin's strength is roughly equal, forming a seesaw battle in the Central Plains.
Jin Daogong regains hegemony.
After Jin Ligong's death, Duke Mourn of Jin succeeded to the throne, and reformed politics at home. Ren Xian used his energy to control his ministers, joined forces with Song Nanwu abroad, threatened Chyi Chin, and gained three points of strategic initiative, which was overwhelmingly stronger than that of Chu. All the vassal States of the Central Plains were attached to Jin, and the Duke of Jin mourned nine princes in eight years. Kim's hegemony has been revived. Chu was forced to give up the struggle for hegemony in the Central Plains because of the re-emergence of Jin State.
Soldiers' union
After the death of Duke Mourning of Jin, the monarchical power moved down again, and the six ministers of the State of Jin were good at national politics, interested in internal friction and made peace with Chu. The continuous war has brought great disasters to the people and caused the boredom of small and medium-sized countries. In addition, the two big countries in Chu Jin are evenly matched, and neither can eat the other. So initiated by Huayuan and Xu Xiang of the Song State, two "garrison" alliances were held in the seventh year (579 BC) and the twenty-sixth year (546 BC) of King Zhou Jian, and the war was greatly reduced.
Wuyue dominates the southeast.
Wuyue, located in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, began to develop when the dust settled in the hegemony war of the former governors. He Lv, the prince of Wu, reused Sun Wu, Wu Zixu and others. In the 14th year of the Zhou Dynasty (506 BC), the king of Wu took Wu Zixu as the general and unified his army to attack Chu. Wu Jun attacked Chu Du Ying, and Wu Zixu avenged his father and brother, dug the tomb of King Chu Ping, and flogged 300 corpses. In the 24th year of Zhou Dynasty (496 BC), Wu Jun went south to attack Vietnam. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, led troops to fight. The doctor of Yue hit He Lv, and He Lv died of serious injuries. In the 26th year of the week (494 BC), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, took revenge and defeated Yue. Gou Jian made peace. The King of Wu rejected Wu Zixu's proposal to unite with Qi to destroy Yue, accepted the peace of Yue, and forced Gou Jian, the King of Yue, to submit to him. Continue to turn north to attack, defeat the Qi army and become a bully. Gou Jian, ten years of cohabitation, ten years of learning. Finally, in the third year (473 BC), Fu Cha jumped in and destroyed Wu, and Fu Cha committed suicide in shame. Gou Jian went north and joined forces with Qi Jin in Xu, becoming the last overlord.
Three clans divided into Jin
When he returned to Jin and ascended the throne, many followers followed him back to China. Thus, after a long struggle, the descendants of these people gradually became nobles of the State of Jin. From 550 to 497, the state power of Jin was in the hands of Fan, BOC, Zhao, Han, Zhi and Wei respectively. In the first 455 years, there were only four nobles in the state of Jin: Zhi, Zhao, Wei and Han. Zhishi sent troops to attack Zhao and threatened Wei Han to send troops. After the war lasted for two years, Zhao lobbied the Wei and Han families to defect, destroy the Zhi family, carve up the Zhi land and control the state affairs of Jin. In the first 438 years, the Han, Zhao and Wei clans were divided into Jin, and Jin Yougong was only in yujiang county and Quwo. In the first 403 years, King Weilie of Zhou named Han, Zhao and Wei as the vassal states, which was the dividing point of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in Zi Tongzhi Jian.
Divide into three countries
Guo is a viscount country, also known as Guo in history, and one of the famous square countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The ancient city is in the southeast of Zoucheng 12.5 km, around Jiwangcheng Village, Yishan Town. Yan' an is the ancestor of Guo, the fifth Yan' an is called first, and the twelfth Yan' an is the father. The real name is Ke, the word Yan, the word, posthumous title Zhuwugong, known as or Gong in history. At that time, Qi pursued hegemony, Yan responded to his followers and visited the ruins of the old city.
I contacted various countries and stayed in Tengguo and Guo Xue for the night. Zhu was originally a vassal of Lu. Lu was very disgusted with the behavior of insulting his father's face and was regarded as a traitor. He falsely accused Zhou Wang of humiliating his father. Lu is a cousin of the Zhou royal family, surnamed Ji. In 678 BC, the king of Zhou killed Yan, the father of Yi. In the sixteenth year of Zuozhuan, Zhuizi Kezu was recorded in Zhuanggong, which was the fourth year of King Zhou Nuo. Yan, the father of Hou Yi, was put to death, and Zhou Wang appointed Yan's mother and brother to represent Guo to the throne. Shu Shu's noble family enjoys high prestige in the Cao Shi family. He is a wise and virtuous man, and his clan calls him a group of sons. It took an uncle more than ten years to be subrogated, and the unjust case of Yan, the adoptive father, was rehabilitated, and posthumous title became Emperor Wu. At this time, Schopenhauer, the monarch of Shu, gave the throne to Xia Fu, the son of his nephew Yan, who was called Zhu Wengong after he succeeded to the throne. During his reign of 5 1 year, Yan Wengong was the longest-serving monarch in this country. In 6 14 BC, Zhu Wengong moved the capital and established a new capital in Zoucheng Shan Zhinan (see Zuo Zhuan). Around 643 BC, Shu Shu came to build the country indiscriminately, in Tucheng Village, Yangzhuang Town, 30 kilometers southeast of Tengzhou City. At this point, the country is divided into three: the country is divided into three, the country is divided into three, and the country is divided into three.
Edit this piece of politics
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty declined, which was actually similar to a medium vassal state. Countries attacked each other, wars continued, and the situation map in the Spring and Autumn Period.
This small country was annexed. Within the country, Dr. Qing was powerful, turmoil occurred from time to time, and regicide was common. There are as many as 43 incidents of regicide recorded in Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuozhuan, which mainly occurred in the early Spring and Autumn Period, which also reflected the sharp changes in power during the alternation of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, China was a knight of five categories. The big country was called Gong and Hou, and the small country was called Bo, Zi and Gong, while Wu, Yue, Chu, Xu, Ba, Shu and Yiqu were all barbarian countries, so they claimed to be kings without the courtesy of China. Under the monarch, there are ministers, two ministers, three ministers or six ministers. Among them, Zhengqing or Shangqing presided over government affairs, Lingyin in Chu State, also called Xiang, and Shuchang and Bugeng in Qin Dynasty. When the Qing Dynasty went to war, the three armed forces helped. In the Qing Dynasty, Si Tuleideng, Sima, Si Kou were in charge of civil affairs, military affairs, fortifications and etiquette. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Jin, Chu and other countries began to set up counties in newly merged places, or set several small cities as counties, or divided private fields into counties. In the border areas, there are counties. There is no subordinate relationship between counties, and its chief executive is directly appointed by the monarch, and only a few are awarded to nobles as fiefs. According to historical records, in the Spring and Autumn Period of 242 years, 43 monarchs were killed by vassal states or enemy countries, 52 vassal states were destroyed, there were more than 480 wars, and vassals were hired and allied for more than 450 times. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many governors. As the highest political symbol of a country, the names of monarchs were different. According to the system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the emperor of the Zhou Dynasty was called "Wang", and the vassals who were sealed had different titles, such as male, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong. This is the "five-grade knighthood system" of the Zhou Dynasty. Of course, even in the Western Zhou Dynasty, in addition to the King of Zhou, some small governors in the border areas claimed to be kings in China. After the Spring and Autumn Period, in addition to the Zhou Emperor, the King of Chu began to be king in Chu Wuwang at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the King of wuyue was also king at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. However, in the vassal states of the Central Plains, the old Zhou system is still adhered to, and the vassal states of Qi, Jin, Qin, Lu, Song and Wei are called "Gong" or "Gong" according to the rank of title. In the consciousness of the Central Plains countries, although Zhou's position is weak, and the "ritual and music conquest" has become a vassal, the "king" is still exclusive to Zhou. In the 13th year of Lu Aigong (482 BC), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, competed with the State of Jin in Huangchi, and the State of Jin proposed to the State of Wu that "there are no two kings in a week". Focha cancelled the "King" and called it "Wu Bo" instead of "Wu Wang" to join the alliance. It can be seen that even at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the governors of the Central Plains could not call themselves "kings" casually, and they also opposed others calling themselves "kings" and regarded the countries that called themselves kings as "barbaric" and "obscene" people. Although kings, princes, princes, uncles, sons and men have different names, they are all the supreme rulers of a country at home.
On the opposition of vertical and horizontal alliances with Qin as the fulcrum
Chyi Chin confronted the east and west, and launched a struggle to win over other vassal States and isolate each other, while countries such as Korea, Wei, Zhao, Chu and Yan wavered between United Qin and United Qin. At this time, two famous politicians, Yi Chang and Gongsun Yan, appeared. They are Lian Heng (splitting six countries) and Zonghe (uniting against Qin). This situation is also called follower, and the United States attacks the strong with the weak; And balance, the strong attack the weak. The powerful state of Qin continued to expand its territory to the east. In the 40th year of Zhou Xian (329 BC), Ren Wei Yi Cheung came to the State of Qin to see Qin Huiwen and listen to Lian Heng's advice. He suggested that Wei and Chu should be close to each other. Then, with the cooperation of Wei and Chu, they attacked South Korea's new town and Yiyang, drove the army to Luoyang, held the emperor to make the princes, and finally came back to capture the territory of Wei and Chu, forcing all the princes in the world to take care of Qin in the west and complete the great cause of being king. This strategy is exactly what Qin Huiwen wanted, so he took Zhang Yi as his guest. Zhang Yi repeatedly encouraged the attack on Wei State and returned the captured land to Wei State, forcing Wei State to take Qin as the first and enfeoffment fifteen counties, which posed a great threat to other eastern countries. Zhang Yi was appointed as the state minister of Qin. In the forty-sixth year of King Zhou Xian (323 BC), the Wei Dynasty adopted the strategy of uniting with the Communist Party, prompting the five countries of Wei, Han, Zhao, Yan and Zhongshan to recognize each other as kings in order to unite against Qin. But soon, Chu sent troops to attack Wei, and Gongsun Yan's strategy was frustrated. Wei Xiang Hui Shi's activities of uniting Qi and Chu also failed and he was deported. Wei Huiwang was hit by Qi and Chu, so he had to appoint Zhang Yi as Wei Xiang in the forty-seventh year of Zhou Xian (322 BC), hoping to unite the soldiers of Qin and Han Dynasties to attack Qi and Chu. However, Zhang Yi's real intention is to ask Wei to serve Qin first, so that other vassal states can follow suit. Wei Huiwang didn't listen to Zhang Yi's advice. With the support of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Korea, in two years (3 19), Zhang Yi was driven away and Gongsun Yan was accepted as the leader. The following year, Gongsun Yan launched five countries, namely Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Han, to attack the State of Qin for the first time, thinking that they were superior to each other and were defeated by the State of Qin. Since then, Qin has been attacking Sanjin, taking advantage of the mutual attack between Bashu and Sichuan to send troops to occupy the whole territory of Bashu and gain rich rear base areas. In the fifth year of God King Zhou (3 16), the Prince of Yan gave the throne to Xiang Bangzi. My son has been king for three years, and the country is in chaos. General City was captured by Prince Ping, and the people fought back, killing Prince Ping, and the city was covered with tens of thousands of people. Qi Xuanwang took the opportunity to send troops to attack Yan, and captured the whole territory of Yan in more than 50 days. Because the Qi army killed a large number of civilians, the Yan people rebelled and the Qi army was forced to retreat. However, this incident proves that Qi's strength is still quite strong. At the same time, the League of Qi and Chu strengthened the strength of Chyi Chin. The focus of Chyi Chin's struggle is to win the State of Chu. Chu's national strength began to weaken. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, King Mourn of Chu appointed Wuqi as Lingyin, carried out political reform, made the country prosperous, defeated Wei in one fell swoop, and sent troops to attack Qin. In 38 1 year BC, the king of Chu, Molun, died, and the new law of Wuqi was abolished, and the State of Chu went downhill day by day. In order to destroy the alliance between Chu and Qi, two years ago (3 13), Zhang Yi sent an envoy to Chu and broke with Qi. The State of Qin sent Zhang Yi to the State of Chu to preach "Lian Heng" and advised the State of Chu never to join the Qin Dynasty. He also verbally vowed to return the place 600 miles away from the Chu merchants (southwest of Xichuan County, Henan Province). Chu Huaiwang believed it and broke off diplomatic relations with Qi. When Chu sent someone to ask Qin for land, Zhang Yi said slyly, "I agreed with the king of Chu that it was six Li, but I didn't expect it to be six hundred Li." Chu Huaiwang was very angry, so he sent troops to attack the State of Qin. Qin Jun defeated the Chu army in Danyang, and 80,000 people were killed. Chu captured Qujian, and Qin captured six hundred Li of Chu and Hanzhong. Yi Cheung also persuaded Han, Zhao, Yan and Qin Lian Heng. In the 14th year of Zhou Nanwang (before 30 1), Qi, Han and Wei ruled Chu and killed Tang Mei. In the sixteenth year of Zhou Nanwang (299 BC), Chu Huaiwang was deceived to the State of Qin, detained and finally died in the State of Qin. Wei took advantage of Chu's emptiness and attacked Chu. Qi did not support Chu. Chu suffered a great loss and never recovered. In the eighth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 307 years), King Wuling of Zhao practiced the riding and shooting of Khufu, changed the traditional chariot into cavalry, and changed the chariot warfare into mobile warfare, which greatly enhanced Zhao's military strength and became a new obstacle to Qin's eastward development. In order to attack the State of Zhao, Qin Zhao sent Hou Wei to the State of Qi, and the King of Qi and Qin Zhao proclaimed themselves at the same time, uniting the five countries to attack the State of Zhao. Su Qin, a lobbyist, saw through the plot of the State of Qin, and advised the King of Qi to give up the Emperor's number and launch an alliance to unite the armies of Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao, and jointly attack Qin in the twenty-eighth year (287 years before). Qin was forced to cede territory to Wei and Zhao for peace. Since then, Zhao She, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, the generals of the State of Zhao, have repeatedly crushed the military attacks and diplomatic pressures of the Qin people and defended the dignity and territory of the State of Zhao. In 286 BC, the State of Qi destroyed the State of Song, which was once very powerful and caused anxiety among countries. Qin joined forces with Yan, Chu, Han, Zhao and Wei to cut Qi together. In 284 BC, the Qi army was defeated in Jixi (now south of Liaocheng, Shandong). Since Yan Zhaowang ascended the throne, he has made great efforts, humbled himself and sought revenge. Qin and Wei are both highly valued. Help carry out political reform, so that Yan can recover and develop quickly. Su Qin, as a spy, went to Qi State to persuade the King of Qi to attack Chu in order to weaken the power of Qi State. It also agreed with Zhao, Wei, Chu and other countries to jointly cut Qi. In the thirty-first year of Zhou Nanwang (284 BC), Yan led the armies of Yan, Zhao, Qin, Wei and Chu together, and jointly attacked Qi, reaching the capital of Qi and seizing most of its territory. Tian Dan, the general of Qi State, used the internal contradictions of Yan State to expel the troops of Yan State and recover the lost land. However, Qi has lost its ability to compete with Qin. The State of Qin weakened the State of Qi in the struggle of "uniting the vertical" and began to develop eastward.
Qin Wang swept Liuhe
Schematic diagram of Changping campaign in Zhou Nanwang
In the thirty-seventh year (278 BC), General Qin broke through Yong City, the capital of Chu State, which opened the prelude to the Qin unification war. The forces that Chu avoided moved the capital to Chen. The patriotic poet Qu Yuan felt the decline of the country and threw himself into the Miluo River. In the forty-fourth year of Zhou Nanwang (27 1), Fan Ju, a Hakka minister, offered Qin Zhaowang the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", that is, forming an alliance with distant countries, concentrating on defeating neighboring countries first, and then gradually annexing other countries. In fifty years (the first 265 years), Wang led an army to attack North Korea, closing the connection between Shangdang County and Xinzheng, the capital of North Korea, although forcing South Korea to dedicate Shangdang to Qin. However, Shangdang county turned to Zhao, and the king of Qin was furious. Qin and Zhao were at war, and Zhao veteran Lian Po led the troops to Changping. In the fifty-fourth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 260 years), Wang Bi, a general of the Qin school, seized Shangdang and fought with the Lian Po army in Changping. The Zhao army was defeated several times. Lian Po strengthened its barriers and the two sides were deadlocked for three years. Under the long-term war of attrition, the national strength of the two countries is too different, and Qin wants to fight a decisive battle as soon as possible. The prince of Zhao was also dissatisfied with Lian Po's passive avoidance of war. Qin used spies to spread rumors in Zhao, making Zhao replace Lian Po with a young Zhao Kuo and become the commander-in-chief of Changping Zhao. Meanwhile, Qin secretly exchanged generals. When he captured Zhao's camp, he pretended to be defeated and retreated. Zhao Kuo led the main pursuit, sent Indiana Jones to divide Zhao and surrounded Zhao Kuo. Zhao Jun was besieged for 46 days, killing people for food, and his morale was in chaos. Zhao Kuo ventured to break through, was killed on the spot, and the whole army was defeated. All Zhao soldiers were buried alive, and Zhao lost more than 400 thousand before and after. The battle of Changping was the decisive battle between Qin and his last strong player in the Central Plains, and it was also the worst war in the Warring States period. At this point, the six eastern countries are no longer opponents of Qin. Before the Battle of Changping, four famous sons of the Warring States appeared in the East, namely Meng Changjun Wen Xue of Qi, Ping Yuanjun Zhao Sheng of Zhao, Wei Wuji of Wei Xinling and Chunshen Huang Xie of Chu. They paid tribute to Corporal Xian, attracted guests, cared about state affairs, sought power, and took various measures to deal with the invasion of Qin and save their country from extinction. After the Battle of Changping, Qin Jun took advantage of the situation and surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao. The massacre in Qin Jun aroused the indignation of the people of Zhao and the fear of other countries. In the face of crisis, Chu Chun Shen Jun and Wei Xin Ling Jun led the army to attack the Zhao army inside and outside, and defeated Qin Jun. Qin Jun retreated due to serious losses and insufficient troops in the battle of Changping. Yan Taizi Dan even sent Jing Ke to assassinate Qin Wangzheng. However, the historical trend cannot be reversed, and the six countries failed to get rid of the fate of national subjugation. During the Warring States period, the Zhou royal family lost its nominal dominance, but it still managed to maintain it in Luoyang. When Luoyi was built in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, * * * built two cities. The square 17 miles west is called Wangcheng, and the smaller one in the east is called Chengzhou. During the Warring States period, due to the power struggle and enfeoffment within the royal family, the Duke of the West Zhou who lived in the imperial city and the Duke of the East Zhou whose capital was Gongyi (now Gongxian County, Henan Province) appeared one after another. The real king of Zhou Xian lived under the rule of the Duke of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the fifty-ninth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 256 years), Qin Jun captured Koryo Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) and Su Min (now southwest of Dengfeng) and beheaded 40,000 people. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Cao Jun joined forces with the vassal army to attack Qin in Yi Que (now south of Luoyang, Henan), cutting off the passage between Qin and Yangcheng. King Qin Zhao sent troops to attack the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the king of the Western Zhou Dynasty had to dedicate all his 36 cities to the Qin Dynasty, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. In the same year, Zhou Nanwang died, and the Zhou Dynasty, as the country of the son of heaven, ceased to exist. In the first year of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang (249 BC), King Lv Buwei of Qin Xiang led an army to destroy Qin Shihuang.
Duke of East Zhou. During Qin Zi's filial piety, Shang Yang's political reform passed through Qin Huiwang, Wu Wang and Zhao Haoqi. In 100 years, he established a relatively consolidated centralized rule, attached importance to water conservancy and agricultural production, rewarded military achievements, and the army was well equipped. He also made full use of Ke Qing to plan a battle for Qin. The Vietnam War became more and more powerful among the vassal states, and finally defeated the powerful rivals in the East and became the first power in the world. Emperor Xiaowen of Qin died in the first year (250 years ago), and King Xiang of Qin Zhuang succeeded to the throne, with businessman Lv Buwei as prime minister. In the second year, he led the troops to destroy the Eastern Zhou State, took Han Zhicheng and Xingyang, and built Sanchuan County. The following year, attack Zhao and Korea, and set up Taiyuan County in Shangdang. King Xiang of Zhuang collapsed in the third year (247 BC), and Zhao Zheng, the thirteen-year-old king of Qin (in the pre-Qin period, the surname was not uniform, and men called him by his surname, so Qin Shihuang was called Zhao Zheng. ) acceded to the throne, he is the later Qin Shihuang. In the fifth year of Qin Dynasty (242 BC), he attacked Wei, captured Zizyphus jujuba and other 20 cities, and set up Dongjun. In the sixth year of Qin's reign (2465438 BC+0 BC), the fourth and last military attack on Qin by Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han and other countries was crushed, and Wei Xinling, the most fierce monarch against Qin, was removed by double spies. At this point, in the face of Qin, which has a vast territory and is stronger than Mazhuang, the monarchs of the six eastern countries are similar to the chiefs of Qin. In the ninth year of the reign of the King of Qin (the first 238 years), Lao Ai's rebellion was suppressed. Zhao Zheng, the king of Qin, personally took power and immediately sent troops to destroy the old forces of the six countries, which was called Qin's destruction of the six countries. In 17 years (the first 230 years), Korea was destroyed, in 22 years (the first 225 years), Wei was destroyed, in 24 years (the first 223 years), Chu was destroyed, and in 25 years (the first 22 1 year), Yan and Zhao were destroyed, and finally the first unified county system country in China history was established.