Fan Ye (398-445), courtesy name Weizong, was a native of Shunyang (now Xichuan, Nanyang, Henan), a historian and writer of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. Fan Ye came from a noble family. In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Liu Yu proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Jin Dynasty. Fan Ye was recruited to serve as an official and served as the champion general and secretary Cheng under Liu Yikang, King of Pengcheng. In the ninth year of Yuanjia (432), because of offending Liu Yikang, Fan Ye was He was demoted as the prefect of Xuancheng and wrote "Book of the Later Han" during his tenure. In the seventeenth year of Yuanjia (440), Fan Ye took refuge with Liu Jun, the king of Shixing, and served successively as Commander Shi of the Hou Army, Prefect of Nanxiapi, General Zuowei, and Prince Zhan Shi. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he was executed for participating in Liu Yikang's rebellion at the age of 48.
Early experience Although Fan Ye was famous, his status was not high because he was the son of a concubine. It is said that Fan Ye was born when his mother went to the toilet. Because his forehead was hit by a brick, he was nicknamed "Brick". After Fan Ye was born, because his uncle had no children, he was adopted to Fan Hongzhi. As a result, he inherited the title and was granted the title of fifth-class marquis in Wuxing County. Fan Ye loved reading since he was a child. He had read a lot of books in his family since he was a child. He was good at writing, could write official script, and was proficient in music. In the tenth year of Yixi (414), the prefectures and counties called for the chief bookkeeper, but Fan Ye refused. In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Liu Yu proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Jin Dynasty. Fan Ye was recruited to serve as an official and served as the champion general under Liu Yikang, King of Pengcheng. He later moved to Secretary Cheng, but resigned due to his father's death. In the seventh year of Yuanjia (430), Fan Ye's period of mourning expired and he served as the Sima of Tan Daoji, the general who conquered the south, and as the prefect of Xincai. At that time, the Xianbei army in the Northern Wei Dynasty besieged Qingzhou. Tan Daoji was ordered to send troops to relieve the siege. Fan Ye followed the army in the northern expedition and was promoted to Shangshu Bulang.
The author said that in the winter of the ninth year of Yuanjia (432), the mother of Pengcheng King Liu Yikang, Princess Wang, passed away. On the night of the burial, Liu Yikang summoned his colleagues and old friends to prepare for the funeral and gathered in Dongfu. At that time, Fan Ye's younger brother Fan Guangyuan was offering wine to the Situ Mansion. Fan Ye, Wang Shen and Wang Guang drank at Fan Guangyuan's place and had fun listening to the elegy through the north window. Liu Yikang was furious and demoted Fan Ye as the prefect of Xuancheng. Fan Ye was demoted and depressed, so he sorted out various historical records about the Later Han Dynasty during his tenure, and began to compile the history of the Later Han Dynasty, in an attempt to relieve his pain. By studying historical events, Fan Ye opened his horizons. With his personal understanding and enthusiasm for historical issues, Fan Ye finally wrote his historical masterpiece "Book of the Later Han Dynasty"?! The narrative is vivid, and after the book was completed, it replaced the previous histories of the Later Han Dynasty.
Aloof and arrogant In the fifteenth year of Yuanjia (438), Fan Ye's term of office expired and he was transferred to Changsha King Liu Yixin as the commander of the army, Shi, and was granted the title of General Ning Shuo. The following year, his aunt (father Fan Tai's wife) passed away. According to etiquette, Fan Ye should go to the funeral immediately. However, Fan Ye used illness as an excuse and waited a long time before leaving, and took his prostitutes with him. The imperial censor Zhongcheng Liu Sun came to report Fan Ye for a series of violations of etiquette. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty appreciated Fan Ye's talent and did not punish him. In the seventeenth year of Yuanjia (440), when the mourning period expired, Fan Ye sought refuge with Liu Jun, the king of Xing, and served as commander of the army and governor of Nanxiapi. After Liu Jun was appointed governor of Yangzhou, he did not care about political affairs and entrusted all affairs to Fan Ye. As a result, Fan Ye had a smooth career and was soon promoted to General Zuowei and Prince Zhan Shi. Fan Ye has many talents. In addition to being knowledgeable and good at writing, he is also proficient in music and good at calligraphy. But Fan Ye was arrogant and uninhibited, and refused to flatter him. He plays the pipa very well and can compose new songs. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty wanted to hear it very much and hinted it many times. Fan Ye pretended not to know and refused to play for the emperor. Once, Emperor Wen hosted a banquet for ministers and said to Fan Ye: "I want to sing, please play the piano for me." Fan Ye had no choice but to play according to the order. As soon as Emperor Wen finished singing the song, Fan Ye immediately stopped playing and refused to play one more song. Although Fan Ye did not deliberately flatter the emperor, he treated his colleagues with sincerity. At that time, Shen Yanzhi was the right-guard general, and he and Fan Ye (the left-guard general) were in charge of the forbidden brigade and were involved in secrets. Every time when he went to court to see the emperor, if Fan Ye arrived first, he would wait for Shen Yanzhi to arrive and go in together. However, Shen Yanzhi never had the habit of waiting for Fan Ye when entering the court. Fan Ye didn't hide his scheming, so he wrote "Hexiang Prescription" to ridicule them. According to the characteristics of his colleagues, Fan Ye compared Yu Bingzhi to the "dumb" musk, Shen Yanzhi to the "dull" "zaojiao", etc., and Fan Ye compared himself to "Shen Shi Yi He"?! Fan Ye is even more intolerable to his colleagues.
The cause of the disaster was in the 17th year of Yuanjia (440). As Liu Yikang, the king of Pengcheng, had been in power for a long time and became more and more authoritative, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty became suspicious, so he "joined the party and the group to conspire." Liu Yikang was dismissed from his position as prime minister and assistant and demoted to Jiangzhou governor?? When the emperor was about to leave, he contacted the court officials, plotted a rebellion, and made Liu Yikang the emperor.
Fan Ye was in charge of the imperial army and had a good reputation. He had been an official under Liu Yikang for many years, so he became the first thing Kong Xixian paid attention to when recruiting party members. Xie Zong, in order to repay Kong Xixian, introduced him to Fan Ye. He was so passionate about the game that he served Fan Ye with all his strength, and even attracted Fan Ye to gamble, deliberately losing money. Fan Ye was greedy for money and admired Kong Xixian's talents, so the relationship between the two became better and better?? After Zi Qian Ran was forced to do so, he tried to instigate Fan Ye to participate in the rebellion, but Fan Ye refused. Liu Yikang also apologized to Fan Yepin for the demotion of Xuancheng. Fan Ye finally joined in and decided to rebel against the court. The beginning and end of the rebellion. Kong Xixian was proficient in astronomy, so he sent the nun Fa Jing south to discuss Taoism and preach that the emperor would be born in Jiangzhou (that is, Liu Yikang, the governor of Jiangzhou). In order to increase the success rate of the rebellion, Kong Xixian ordered the monk Fa Lue to change his name to Sun Jingxuan and join Zang Zhi's army as Ning Yuan. , and contacted Xu Yao (Fa Jing's brother-in-law, who was the captain of Taicheng at the time, and was on duty in the palace), thinking that he should be involved. When Zhong Chengzu was about to leave, Zhong Chengzu told Yin Xu Zhanzhi of Danyang about the rebellion plan. Xu Zhanzhi told Fan Ye that Zang Zhi was very in favor of their actions and would definitely invite Xiao Sihua to join them in the effort. There was no need to worry about insufficient troops, and they just had to wait for the right time to come. So they set up official positions for each other: Xu Zhanzhi was the general of the Fu army and the governor of Yangzhou, Fan Ye was the general of the Central Army and the governor of South Xuzhou, Kong Xixian was the general of the right guard, etc. Anyone they always disliked or did not follow Liu Yikang made another copy, In order to put these people to death?? He then ordered his younger brother Kong Xiu to draft a petition first, and asked Fan Ye to draft a coup declaration. Therefore, Fan Ye wrote a letter to Xu Zhanzhi in the name of Liu Yikang, encouraging all ministries to "work together to destroy the traitorous party, strive to become a founding father, and create the Song Dynasty again." In September of the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), the Northern General Liu Yiji, King of Hengyang, and the Right General Liu Shuo, King of Nanping, went out to take office in the border town. Fan Ye and others agreed to hold an event on this day, but because they did not make an appointment, the coup failed. Can be held as scheduled.
In November of the 22nd year of Yuanjia's death (445), Xu Zhan went to Emperor Shuwen and reported that Fan Ye was the mastermind of the coup and reported those who participated in the coup. After receiving the list and relevant written evidence, Emperor Wen immediately issued an edict to "arrest him immediately and interrogate him in accordance with the law." That night, Emperor Wen sent people to secretly arrest Xie Zong and Kong Xixian, and ordered the courtiers to gather in the East Pavilion to question Fan Ye about his rebellion. Fan Ye was in a hurry. Zhi?, hurriedly denied. Emperor Wen informed him that Xie Zong, Xu Zhanzhi, Kong Xixian, etc. had all confessed, and presented a brief introduction to the written evidence and materials. Fan Ye then admitted the fact of treason and expressed that "he has failed the country and committed serious crimes, and he is willing to be executed." The next day, Fan Ye When he was sent to jail, he asked where Xu Zhanzhi was being held and learned that the informer was Xu Zhanzhi. Therefore, Fan Ye claimed to be ill and asked for a change of prison, and was able to become neighbors with Xie Zong and others. Fan Ye told them that the informer was Xu Zhanzhi, and wrote a poem and sighed: "You can already know it in life, but you don't know how to draw it. It's so ugly and ugly, how can it be so unfair." After Fan Ye was imprisoned, he thought he would He was executed immediately. Unexpectedly, because Emperor Wen was investigating the case, no results were found for more than 20 days. Fan Ye thought there was still hope for survival? When the burning moth passed away, Fan Ye sighed and said: "What a pity! Full of knowledge, he was buried here." In December, Fan Ye was taken to the execution ground at the age of 48. His sons Fan Ai, Fan Yao and Fan Shuwei were all implicated, but only his grandson Fan Lulian survived.
Historical achievements "Book of the Later Han" records the first year of Jianwu (25th year) of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty Liu Xiu, and the 25th year of Jian'an (220th year of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty), covering one hundred and ninety-six years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. years of history. Fan Ye originally planned to write Ten Chronicles, Ten Chronicles, and Eighty Biographies, and he entrusted Xie Yan to write them for him. Xie Yan was involved in the internal struggle of the ruling class and was killed together with Fan Ye on charges of rebellion. The manuscript of the journal and the preface written by Fan Ye were lost. Liu Zhao from Liang Dynasty introduced Zang Zhi when he annotated "Book of the Later Han Dynasty". Because Fan Ye had praised Sima Biao from the Western Jin Dynasty's "Book of Continuing the Han Dynasty", he took eight of his notes to make up for the shortcomings of Fan Shu. While in prison, Fan Ye wrote a "Book with Nephews and Nephews in Prison", in which he stated that his purpose in compiling the "Book of the Later Han" was to "discuss the issues in order to rectify the gains and losses of a generation." He can be said to be the first person in history to propose writing history to serve politics. Therefore, Fan Ye paid special attention to historical theory. He used the form of praise to expressly comment on historical events, and took historical theory as the focus, which became a feature of "Book of the Later Han".
Historical evaluation of "Southern History": "Fu Ling asked Ling Wang, so the poet sang in a manner that was polite and lawful, and the former philosophers were praised for their beauty. He observed the two Dukes, Fan and Xun, and wrote on his own with his studies. , and the reputation of Qianshi is not great in this period. Although he has more than enough talent, he is not enough.
Weizong's art has extraordinary beauty, and his actions are of great benefit and disadvantage. "Liu Zhao: Fan Ye was of the Later Han Dynasty, sincerely crossing all clans. Liu Zhiji: Fan Ye collected many books and cut them into Han canons. Looking at what he took, he found that he was quite miraculous. Zhang Taiyan: After the history and Han Dynasties, he first recommended the books of the Later Han Dynasty. Chen Yinke: Wenzong (characterized by Fan Ye) is a late Han Dynasty book, with great style and fine thinking, and is believed to be a good history. Shao Jinhan: Fan added "Wenyuan" and "Lienv" biographies, which are consistent with each other. Wang Xianqian: Fan Weizong. Wang Mingsheng: Fan Shu values ??righteousness and virtue, suppresses snobbery, promotes scholars, deposes traitors, and makes Confucianism beautiful and prosperous. (Zheng Xuan) praised Li Du, and the prime ministers did not say much but were devoted to the people. Cheng Qianfan: After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, parallel people became popular. As for Fan, he focused on the Qing Dynasty and the merchants, praised the diction, and the preface was wrong, but the literature and history are indistinguishable.