When talking about Zhuge Liang, the key words are great talent and great strategy, predicting events like a god, and having uncanny calculations. It seems that as long as there is nothing in the world that he cannot handle, even Sima Yi, who is cunning and leads an army of millions, will be defeated by Zhuge Liang. The sound of the magic musical instrument on the tower of an empty city scared the shit out of him. ? On the other hand, let us think about it, if we really have this ability, why worry about Shu not destroying Wei and Wu? Why worry that Shu cannot unify the world? Many literary and artistic works we see now have deified Zhuge Liang, and even an obvious decision-making mistake has to be justified. It is true that history is just a piece of paper, it depends on how you write it. Let's take a look at Zhuge Liang's six departures from Qishan in real history: The six departures of Zhuge Liang from Qishan described in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" actually do not exist. They should be the six wars between Wei and Shu during Zhuge Liang's period. Among them, Shu took the initiative to attack five times, and Wei attacked Shu once. Only the first and fifth battlefields were in the Qishan area. Therefore, Zhuge Liang made five Northern Expeditions. This statement is correct. ? The first time was in the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang made a big publicity that he would march from Xiegu Road to capture Mei County. Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi were sent as suspected troops to occupy Jigu, the southern section of Xiegu. Wei's general Cao Zhen led a large force of Wei to defend Xiegu and resist Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi. Zhuge Liang personally led the main force to attack Qishan. The troops were well-organized, rewards and punishments were serious, and the orders were clear. The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui, and Yong'an broke away from the Wei State and responded to Zhuge Liang. The Guanzhong area of ??Wei State was greatly shaken. Emperor Wei Ming Cao Rui personally went west to conquer Chang'an and ordered Zhang He to resist Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang appointed Ma Su as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, commanding all the armies, and fought Zhang He at the street pavilion. ? Ma Su went against Zhuge Liang's control and acted inappropriately, and was defeated by Zhang He. Zhuge Liang relocated more than a thousand families in Xi County and returned to Hanzhong, where he killed Ma Di to thank the generals. Zhuge Liang requested that he demote himself to the third rank, be removed from the position of prime minister, and be promoted to general on the right, with the same duties. The second time was in the winter of that year, Zhuge Liang sent troops from Sanguan again and surrounded Chencang. Cao Zhen's subordinate Hao Zhao led his troops to resist. Zhuge Liang's army ran out of supplies and withdrew without taking Chencang. Wei general Wang Shuang led his cavalry to pursue Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang fought with him, destroyed his pursuers, and beheaded Wang Shuang. ? The third time was in the seventh year of Jianxing, when Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu and Yinping. Guo Huai, the assassin of Yongzhou in Wei State, led his army to attack Chen Shi. Zhuge Liang personally sent troops to Jianwei, but Guo Huai returned, and the two counties of Wudu and Yinping were pacified. This was also the time of greatest achievement, so the emperor issued an edict to reinstate Zhuge Liang as prime minister. Later, in the eighth year of Jianxing, Cao Zhen, the great general of the Wei State, led his troops to invade. Due to heavy rain, they were unable to advance and returned without success. The fourth time was in the ninth year of Jianxing. Zhuge Liang once again sent troops from Qishan, using wooden oxen to transport military supplies. When the food was exhausted, the army retreated, fought with Wei general Zhang He, and shot Zhang He. ? The fifth time was in the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing. Zhuge Liang mobilized all the manpower in the country and sent troops from Xiegu. He used stray horses to transport military supplies. He occupied the Wuzhangyuan of Wugong and faced off against Sima Yi in Weinan. Zhuge Liang often worried that the food supply could not be guaranteed and his wishes could not be realized, so he divided his troops into farming as the basis for a long-term military garrison. The soldiers in the field lived among the common people on the banks of the Wei River, and the people were peaceful and the troops did not favor selfish interests. The stalemate lasted for more than a hundred days. In August of that year, Zhuge Liang fell ill and died in the army at the age of fifty-four. After withdrawing his troops, Sima Yi inspected the place where Zhuge Liang was stationed and said, "What a genius in the world!" ” Among the five Northern Expeditions, only the third one captured Wudu and Yinping counties; the other four failed to gain any significant territory. Although they occasionally captured several Wei generals, compared with the cost of mobilizing troops, He was unable to make ends meet, depleting the country's power and having little impact on the Wei state. Why did Zhuge Liang launch five expeditions to the north of Cao Wei despite "Yizhou was exhausted"? Even though he repeatedly encountered obstacles and ended without results, he remained determined. Chongqing, until he "dedicated himself to death"? It's worth pondering. We have faded away Zhuge Liang's mythical appearance, and his label is actually a loyal and patriotic man who kept his promises and kept his promises. He was an outstanding statesman, military strategist, writer, and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period. Home, inventor.