These are in addition to books:
(1) fired a gun to celebrate.
Supplies: mortar, glass sheet, dropper, glass rod, paper.
Potassium chlorate, red phosphorus, alcohol, paste.
Principle: Potassium chlorate is a strong oxidant, and red phosphorus is flammable, and chemical reaction is easy to occur between them. When they are mixed with a spoon, they will burn. The mixture will explode violently when it is hit.
5KClO3+6P=5KCl+3P2O5
Operation: Put 2g potassium chlorate crystal into mortar and grind it into powder, then pour it on the glass. Take 0.6 grams of red phosphorus and put it next to potassium chlorate powder. Absorb alcohol on the two drugs with a dropper to make them moist, and then mix them evenly with a glass rod to make a paste and divide it into three equal parts. When they are dry, they are wrapped in paper and glued together.
At the beginning of the celebration, three pieces of paper will be smashed on the concrete floor or brick one by one, and three shots will be fired.
(2) glass rod ignition
Supply: glass rods, glass sheets, alcohol lamps. 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate.
Principle: Potassium permanganate reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce brown oily liquid manganese heptaoxide, which has strong oxidation ability. As soon as it comes into contact with alcohol, a strong redox reaction occurs immediately, and the heat released makes the alcohol reach the ignition point and burn.
2KMnO4+H2SO4=K2SO4+Mn2O7+H2O
2Mn2O7=4MnO2+3O2↑
C2H5OH+3O2→2CO2+3H2O
Operation: Take a little ground potassium permanganate powder from the small end of the medicine spoon, put it on the glass and pile it up into a small pile. First soak the glass rod in concentrated sulfuric acid, and then stick some potassium permanganate powder. If you touch the wick of an alcohol lamp, the wick will burn immediately, and you can light four or five alcohol lamps at a time.
Note: Manganese heptaoxide is very unstable and can be decomposed into manganese dioxide and oxygen at 0℃. Therefore, the alcohol lamp should be lit immediately after the glass rod is soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. Otherwise, after a long time, the alcohol lamp will not light up after the decomposition of manganese dioxide.
(3) steel wire ignition
Materials: steel wire, bottle cap, candle, sulfur powder.
Principle: When burning with sulfur on iron wire, the flame is very weak and can't be seen in the distance during the day. It seems that the candle is really lit by steel wire.
Operation: hammer one end of bicycle steel wire into the groove in advance, put some sulfur powder in the groove, heat it to melt and catch fire for later use. Light a candle and put it on the table. At this time, the candle flame is covered with a bottle cap, and then the white smoke rising from the wick is contacted with the steel wire, and the candle flame is rekindled. You can cover it again and light it. It's amazing to be on and off like this
(4) finger ignition
Materials: mortar, small boards.
Candles, potassium chlorate, sulfur.
Principle: The embers of candles make sulfur burn. The heat released by sulfur combustion decomposes potassium chlorate to produce oxygen, so sulfur combustion is more intense and embers catch fire.
Operation: Take 1g potassium chlorate and 0.5g sulfur, respectively, and grind them into very fine powder in a mortar, and then mix them evenly. Or scrape off the first medicine with ten matches and grind it fine.
Fix a candle on a small board and light it. Dip your fingers in the mixed powder in advance. When performing, blow out the candle, while there are embers, gently touch the wick with your fingers stained with powder, and the candle can be rekindled. You can blow it out again and light it again.
Note: The wick length of candle is about 1.5 cm. There will be embers after blowing out like this. If you use finely ground matchstick medicine, you can only stick a thin layer on your fingers. Too much scalp medicine on your fingers will catch fire and may burn your fingers.
(5) chlorine ignition
Supplies: 250 ml jar, separating funnel, catheter, glass sink, gas container, glass slide, test tube and dropper.
Calcium carbide, water, concentrated hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate.
Principle: Calcium carbide reacts with water to generate acetylene. Potassium permanganate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce chlorine. The heat released by the reaction between chlorine and acetylene makes acetylene catch fire, and then acetylene continues to burn in the air.
Calcium chloride +2H2O→ calcium hydroxide+c2h2 =
2k MnO 4+ 16 HCl = 2 KCl+2 MNC L2+5cl 2 ↑+ 8H2O
C2H2+Cl2→2C+2HCl
2C2H2+5O2→4CO2+2H2O
Operation: The experimental device is shown in figure 15- 1. Put 10g small electrogram 15- 1 into a jar to prepare acetylene stone. Gently unscrew the cock of the separatory funnel and let the water drip slowly. After the air in the tank is exhausted, collect a bottle of acetylene through drainage. Cover the bottle mouth with ground glass and put it upright on the table. Put 0.5g potassium permanganate crystal into another test tube, and drop 2 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate chlorine gas, which will fill the test tube. At this time, the left hand took down the wool glass from the acetylene bottle, and the right hand poured the chlorine in the test tube into the acetylene bottle. When acetylene meets chlorine, it immediately catches fire and emits a bright smoky flame.
(6) the fire in the cup
Supplies: 600 ml beaker, evaporating dish, crucible, tweezers.
Ether, potassium, fine sand.
Principle: Potassium and diethyl ether do not react at room temperature. When they are poured into water, when potassium meets water, it immediately produces hydrogen and catches fire, thus causing violent combustion.
2K+2H2O=2KOH+H2↑
2 H2+O2·2H2O
C2H5OC2H5+6O2 4CO2+5H2O
Operation: Spread a thick layer of fine sand on the bottom of the beaker, and put an evaporating dish with 5 ml of water on the sand. Pour 2 ml of ether into the crucible, and then add a piece of mung bean-sized potassium. When the mixture of ether and potassium was poured into the evaporating dish, the cup caught fire immediately.
(7) drip water to make a fire
Supplies: 600 ml beaker, evaporating dish, tweezers, dropper.
Filter paper, fine sand, sodium peroxide and white phosphorus.
Principle: Sodium peroxide reacts with water to produce oxygen and give off a lot of heat, so that white phosphorus is ignited to produce a lot of white smoke of phosphorus pentoxide.
Operation: Spread a layer of fine sand on the bottom of a 600 ml beaker, and put an evaporating dish on the sand. Put 2 grams of sodium peroxide into an evaporating dish, then take 2 pieces of white phosphorus the size of soybeans with tweezers, absorb water with filter paper and put it on the sodium peroxide. Drop 1 ~ 2 water into sodium peroxide with a dropper, and white phosphorus will burn immediately, producing thick white smoke.
(8) Sparks in liquid
Supplies: large test tube, iron shelf, iron clip.
98% concentrated sulfuric acid, alcohol, potassium permanganate.
Principle: When potassium permanganate comes into contact with concentrated sulfuric acid, it will produce manganese heptaoxide with strong oxidation and release heat at the same time. Manganese heptaoxide decomposes oxygen to burn alcohol in liquid. However, due to the small amount of oxygen, it can only emit a little spark, but alcohol can't continue to burn.
Operation: Take a large test tube, inject 5ml of alcohol into the test tube, and then slowly add 5ml of concentrated sulfuric acid along the wall of the test tube. Do not shake the test tube. Fix the test tube vertically on the iron frame. At this time, the liquid in the test tube is divided into two layers, the upper layer is alcohol and the lower layer is concentrated sulfuric acid. Take some potassium permanganate crystals with a medicine spoon and slowly sprinkle them into the test tube, and the crystals gradually fall to the junction of the two liquids. Soon, there will be sparks at the intersection. If it is carried out in a dark place, the spark is particularly bright.
Note: Do not use too much potassium permanganate, otherwise the reaction will be too violent and the liquid in the test tube will be washed away.
The ice is on fire
Supplies: large porcelain plate, dropper.
Calcium carbide, potassium, ice.
Principle: Water and potassium react violently, which makes the generated hydrogen burn. The combustion of hydrogen makes acetylene generated by the reaction between calcium carbide and water catch fire. The heat generated by combustion further melts the ice into water, and the interaction between water and calcium carbide constantly produces acetylene, so the flame burns more and more vigorously until the calcium carbide is consumed, and the flame is gradually extinguished.
Operation: Put a large piece of ice in a large porcelain dish, dig a shallow hole in the ice, and put a small piece of calcium carbide and a small piece of potassium. Then drop a few drops of water into the shallow pit, and immediately a fire and smoke appeared, as if the ice was on fire.
(10) Starlight Dance
Supplies: 20 ml plastic bottle, needle, alcohol lamp.
Gallstone alum powder, magnesium powder, reduced iron powder.
Principle: When sulfuric acid powder, magnesium powder and reduced iron powder fall on the flame, the copper ion of sulfuric acid makes the flame appear green. Magnesium powder and iron powder are easy to be burnt by flame because of their small size and large contact area with air, so they can combine with oxygen in the air to produce magnesium oxide and ferroferric oxide.
2 mg +2 mg oxygen
The heat generated by the reaction of 3Fe+2O2Fe3O4 makes ferroferric oxide red and magnesium oxide incandescent, so tiny red light and dazzling white light appear. Because the metal powder didn't fall on the flame and burn at the same time, it was washed away by the hot airflow during oxidation, so red light and white light were everywhere, flashing like stars.
Operation: Take 65438±0g of gallstone powder, magnesium powder and reduced iron powder respectively. Mix them evenly and put them in a small plastic bottle. Punch holes in the bottom of the bottle with a needle. Then tap the plastic bottle gently above the flame of the alcohol lamp. When the powder in the bottle falls on the flame, it is green. Above the green flame, red, white and stars are flying, and the scenery is very beautiful.
(1 1) combustion in water
Supplies: mortar, glass sink, plastic bottle with a diameter of about 4 cm, iron bars and fuses.
Potassium nitrate, sulfur powder, charcoal powder, fine sand.
Principle: When black powder burns in water, a large amount of smoke and gas is enough to wash away the water without affecting the continuation of its reaction. The main chemical reactions of black powder combustion are:
S+2kNO3+3c ignites K2S+N2 =+3co2 =
Operation: take 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 0 part of sulfur powder 1 part and 0 part of charcoal powder 1 part, respectively, grind them, put them on paper, and repeatedly stir them evenly to make black powder for later use.
Take a plastic bottle with a diameter of about 4 cm and cut it into a cylinder with a height of about 6 cm at the bottom. Fill the barrel with fine sand about 2 cm thick, and then fill it with black powder. Put it in a little at a time, tamp it with an iron bar, put it in the mouth of the cylinder, and insert the fuse (made by soaking 30% potassium nitrate solution with cotton rope and drying in the sun). ) and then compact the black powder. Gently put the plastic container filled with gunpowder into a glass jar filled with water, and the mouth of the container should be about 1 cm above the water surface.
Light the fuse, and soon there will be a lot of smoke and flame in the plastic pipe. The combustion gradually spread into the water until the black powder burned out. Because a small amount of unburned carbon powder is dispersed in the water, the water turns brown and black.
(12) fire in water
1
Supplies: 200ml beaker, 2ml pipette, tweezers, medicine spoon.
Water, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium chlorate and white phosphorus.
Principle: Potassium chlorate reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce easily decomposed chlorate and chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is easy to decompose to generate chlorine and oxygen, and at the same time, it releases heat to make white phosphorus reach the ignition point and burn in oxygen to generate phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus pentoxide reacts with water to produce phosphoric acid.
KClO3+H2SO4=HClO3+KHSO4
4HClO3=4ClO2↑+O2↑+2H2O
2ClO2=Cl2+2O2
4P+5O2=2P2O5
P2O5+3H2O=2H3PO4
Operation: put 10g potassium chlorate crystal into a beaker, slowly inject 100ml water, and then use tweezers to take 2 ~ 3 pieces of white phosphorus as big as mung beans and put them in the middle of potassium chlorate crystal. Then suck 2ml of concentrated sulfuric acid with a pipette and inject it into the junction of potassium chlorate and white phosphorus. At this time, the white phosphorus burns and gives off flames.
Supplies: 400 ml beaker, tweezers, iron frame, iron clip, test tube, rubber plug with catheter.
Potassium chlorate, manganese dioxide, white phosphorus, 40℃ hot water.
Principle: The temperature of water reaches the ignition point of white phosphorus, and oxygen exists, so white phosphorus burns in water.
Operation: Put 5 small pieces of white phosphorus as big as mung beans into a beaker with half a cup of 40℃ hot water.
Mix 6 grams of potassium chlorate and 2 grams of manganese dioxide evenly and put them into a test tube. Plug the nozzle with a plug with a catheter. Heat the test tube. When the nozzle releasing oxygen is close to the white phosphorus, the white phosphorus will burn immediately and emit flashing light.
(13) charcoal makeup dance
Supplies: iron shelf, iron clip, alcohol lamp, large test tube, tweezers.
Charcoal potassium nitrate.
Principle: Potassium nitrate is melted first, and then decomposed into potassium nitrite and oxygen after heating. When molten potassium nitrate contacts charcoal, the heat released by the reaction will burn the charcoal red, and the generated carbon dioxide will push the charcoal upward. After charcoal and potassium nitrate are out of contact, they fall due to gravity. Charcoal jumped up and down like this until it was finished.
2KNO3 2KNO2+O2↑
C+O2=CO2
Operation: Take 5g of potassium nitrate and put it into a large test tube. Fix the test tube vertically on the iron frame. Heat the bottom of the test tube with the external flame of alcohol lamp to melt potassium nitrate. After the gas is released, add charcoal the size of soybeans and continue heating. After a while, the charcoal changed from black to red, and kept jumping up and down in the test tube, giving off a bright fire. Remove the alcohol lamp, charcoal can jump for a while.
(14) chemical lamp
Supplies: iron frame, iron clip, tweezers, hard test tube, alcohol lamp.
Potassium nitrate, sulfur lump.
Principle: The reaction between sulfur and molten potassium nitrate is very intense, releasing a lot of heat, which makes the potassium nitrite generated by the reaction heat up and emit dazzling white light.
2KNO3 2KNO2+O2↑
Sulfur+oxygen = sulfur dioxide
Operation: Fix a large test tube containing 5g potassium nitrate vertically on an iron frame, and heat the bottom of the test tube to melt the potassium nitrate. At this point, remove the alcohol lamp and put sulfur blocks as big as soybeans into the test tube every half minute, and the test tube will continuously emit dazzling white light.
(15) Fireworks
Supplies: mortar, paper tube, fuse (made by soaking 30% potassium nitrate solution with cotton rope and drying in the sun).
Potassium chlorate, sulfur, charcoal powder, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, barium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sucrose, magnesium powder, antimony trisulfide.
Principle: Fireworks show red, green, purple, blue and yellow flame reactions, which are some metal elements in medicine.
Flame colors: k, K+ (purple), Na, Na+ (yellow), Sr, Sr2+ (crimson), Ba, Ba2+ (yellow-green).
Operation: Prepare all kinds of fireworks according to the following formula (mass ratio).
Red: potassium chlorate 4, sulfur powder 1 1, charcoal powder 2, strontium nitrate 33.
Green: potassium chlorate 9, sulfur powder 10, barium nitrate 3 1.
White: sulfur powder 3, potassium nitrate 12, magnesium powder 1, charcoal powder 2.
Purple: potassium chlorate 7, sulfur powder 5, potassium nitrate 7, sucrose 2.
Yellow: sulfur powder 12, charcoal powder 2, potassium nitrate 30, sodium nitrate 5.
Blue: potassium nitrate 9, sulfur powder 2, antimony trisulfide 2.
Weigh the required drugs, grind them respectively, mix them evenly, put them into paper tubes, press them while loading them, and insert them into the fuse after loading. After the fuse is ignited, the powder will burn (or ignite with concentrated H2SO4), giving off all kinds of flames, which is very beautiful.
Precautions: When preparing gunpowder, all components must be ground separately, and they must not be mixed to avoid burning or explosion. There will be more smoke during the reaction, so the experiment is suitable for outdoor.
(16) Candles are self-evident.
Supplies: 6×6 square centimeter plate, 30ml reagent bottle, tweezers, dropper.
Carbon disulfide, white phosphorus, candle.
Principle: Drop the carbon disulfide solution of white phosphorus on the wick, and the carbon disulfide will evaporate quickly, leaving tiny white phosphorus particles. White phosphorus is exposed to air, which is violently oxidized and exothermic, making white phosphorus burn. When white phosphorus burns, the wick is ignited.
Operation: Take a lighted candle and fix it on the board. The wick should be long and loose. Inject 5ml of carbon disulfide into reagent bottle, then use tweezers to take a piece of white phosphorus the size of broad bean and put it into carbon disulfide, cover the bottle cap and shake it gently to dissolve the white phosphorus into solution. Absorb a small amount of carbon disulfide solution of white phosphorus with a dropper and drop it on the wick. Soon, the wick spontaneously ignited.
(XVII) Volcanic eruption
Supplies: dropper.
Gypsum, potassium permanganate, ammonium dichromate and glycerol.
Principle: Potassium permanganate reacts violently with glycerol, and the released heat makes glycerol catch fire. Ammonium dichromate is rapidly decomposed by heating to produce nitrogen, which makes the chromium trioxide powder fly upwards, resulting in "Sparking".
Operation: add water to the burned gypsum and knead it into hills. Leave a crucible-sized pit on the top of the mountain and dry it for later use.
In the middle of the pit on the top of the gypsum mountain, potassium permanganate powder is piled up, and a small groove is pressed on the top. Around potassium permanganate, finely ground ammonium dichromate powder is piled up. Suck glycerol with a dropper, and drop 1 ~ 2 into a small pot of potassium permanganate. After a while, you can see a purple flame spewing out, and then a lot of green "volcanic ash" spewing out all over the hillside. The scene is vivid, and Wan Ru volcano erupts.
(18) submarine volcanic eruption
1
Supplies: glass sink, 20 ml wide-mouthed medicine bottle, plastic film, cowhide tendon, dropper.
Gypsum, sucrose, potassium chlorate and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.
Principle: concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with potassium chlorate to produce chlorine dioxide with peculiar smell. Chlorine dioxide has strong oxidation ability, which can make sucrose burn violently.
Operation: Knead the burnt gypsum with water into a hill, and embed a wide-mouth medicine bottle on the top of the hill to dry for later use.
Mix 10g potassium chlorate and 10g sucrose evenly, and put them into a small bottle on the top of gypsum mountain. Seal the bottle with plastic film, tighten the cowhide tendon, and then immerse the hill in the water in the sink. Absorb concentrated sulfuric acid with a dropper, pierce the plastic film, and drop a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. The volcano immediately erupted in the water, which was very spectacular.
2
Supplies: glass sink, ink bottle.
Boiled water and red ink.
Principle: Convection occurs between boiling water and cold water, with boiling water rising and cold water falling.
Operation: Drop 10 drop of red ink into the empty ink bottle, then inject boiling water, tighten the bottle cap and put it into the sink. Pour cold water into the sink and soak it about 5 cm above the bottle mouth. Then unscrew the bottle cap gently, and the red water in the bottle rises slowly and sprays to the water surface, just like an underwater volcano erupts.
(19) Rhythm Explosion
Supplies: mortar, 60ml conical flask, glass rod.
Iodine tablets, 30% concentrated ammonia water.
Principle: Iodine reacts with concentrated ammonia water to generate hexaammonia triiodide. Insoluble in water, it is extremely unstable after drying, and it will cause an explosion when touched slightly.
3I2+7NH3=NI3？ 6NH3+3HI
2NI3？ 6NH3=N2↑+3I2+ 12NH3↑
There is no danger when finely distributed hexammonium triiodide explodes.
Operation: put 1g iodine tablets in a mortar and add 5ml concentrated ammonia water. Carefully grind for 3 minutes to obtain a fine solid of black hexaamino triiodide. Add 50 ml of water, stir and pour into the conical flask. Shake the conical flask to make the black powder evenly distributed in the water, and then sprinkle it on the stage to dry. After drying, dance on it at this time, and you can make a rhythmic explosion with the steps.
(20) explosive.
Supplies: 2 test tubes, rubber stopper with catheter, funnel, filter paper, medicine spoon, asbestos net, triangular iron frame, alcohol lamp.
Cotton, 2% silver nitrate solution, 2% dilute ammonia water, calcium carbide.
Principle: Calcium carbide reacts with water to generate acetylene. Acetylene reacts with silver ammonia solution to produce silver acetylene.
Calcium chloride +2H2O→ calcium hydroxide+c2h2 =
C2H2+2ag (NH3) 2oh → C2Ag2 ↓+4NH3+2H2O acetylene silver explodes to decompose silver and carbon when it is hit or heated.
C2Ag2→2Ag+2C
Operation:
Add 3 ml of water to the test tube on the left of Figure 15-4, then add 2 small pieces of calcium carbide, put some cotton at the mouth of the test tube, and then plug the plug connecting the catheter. Let the generated acetylene continuously flow into the silver ammonia solution, that is, produce gray silver acetylene precipitation. After the reaction stops, filter with filter paper, rinse, take out the sediment, put it on a clean asbestos net, and divide it into several small piles as big as mung beans. Once it's dry, it explodes at the touch. You can also put the asbestos net on a tripod with a burning alcohol lamp under it. In a short time, after the water evaporated, silver acetylene exploded violently, and at the same time, it caught fire.
(2 1) Handkerchiefs that don't burn easily
1
Supplies: handkerchief, 100ml beaker, alcohol lamp, bamboo clip.
Alcohol.
Principle: When alcohol burns in a fire, it releases heat, which makes alcohol and water volatilize a lot and takes away some heat. When the handkerchief shakes from side to side, it can emit a lot of heat. This reduces the temperature of the flame and cannot reach the ignition point of the handkerchief.
Operation: Pour 20 ml of alcohol and 10 ml of water into a beaker, shake well, and soak the handkerchief in the solution. Take out the handkerchief with a bamboo clip, gently squeeze out the alcohol, and then light it on a burning alcohol lamp. After the handkerchief caught fire, the flame was very strong. Then shake the handkerchief from side to side until it goes out. After the fire was put out, the handkerchief was intact.
Supplies: handkerchiefs, glass rods, alcohol lamps.
Alcohol, sodium phosphate saturated solution, alum saturated solution.
Principle: After the handkerchief soaked in sodium phosphate and alum solution is dried, the aluminum hydroxide formed by sodium phosphate and alum will separate the cloth from the air. So the heat generated by alcohol combustion can't make the handkerchief reach the ignition point.
2KAl(SO4)2+3 na 3 po 4+6H2O = 3 na H2 po 4+3 na 2 so 4+k2so 4+2Al(OH)3↓
Operation: soak the handkerchief in saturated solution of sodium phosphate and take it out to dry. Soak this handkerchief in alum saturated solution for a few minutes, and then take it out to dry.
During the performance, pour some alcohol on the handkerchief, then stir it with a glass rod and light it on a burning alcohol lamp. The handkerchief caught fire and gave off a light blue flame. After the flame went out, the handkerchief didn't burn at all.
(22) cloth in the fire
Supplies: printed cloth, fine iron wire, tweezers, alcohol lamp.
camphor ball
Principle: The chemical composition of camphor ball is naphthalene, which is easy to burn. Part of the heat generated during combustion is used to sublimate naphthalene, so the temperature of the cloth near the mothballs is lowered, and the cloth will not burn if it does not reach the ignition point of the cloth.
Operation: Wrap the mothballs tightly with small cloth, tie them tightly with thin iron wire, then clamp them with tweezers and light them on the flame of alcohol lamp. In a blink of an eye, the small cloth was surrounded by a raging fire, and thick black smoke was emitted. After blowing out the fire, I opened the bag and saw that the moth balls became smaller, but the cloth was not burnt as before.
(23) strange absorbent cotton
Supplies: absorbent cotton, 100 ml beaker, glass rod, iron wire, iron clip.
Sodium phosphate saturated solution, alum saturated solution, 30% potassium nitrate solution, concentrated nitric acid (density 1.4g/ml) and concentrated sulfuric acid (density 1.84g/ml).
Principle: Absorbent cotton soaked in sodium phosphate and alum solution is not easy to burn because there is a protective film on cotton fiber, which cannot burn.
Absorbent cotton soaked in potassium nitrate solution is easy to burn because potassium nitrate is decomposed into oxygen and burned.
2KNO3 2KNO2+O2↑
Soak the absorbent cotton in the mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid with a volume of 1 and concentrated sulfuric acid with a volume of 2 15 minutes. Due to the esterification reaction between cotton fiber and nitric acid, highly flammable cellulose trinitrate was formed. After the gunpowder cotton is taken out, it is washed and dried. The appearance is similar to that of the original absorbent cotton, but it burns quickly when it meets fire.
Operation: divide the absorbent cotton into four equal parts: the first part is the original absorbent cotton; The second part is absorbent cotton soaked in sodium phosphate solution, which is taken out and dried, then soaked in alum solution, and taken out and dried; The third part is absorbent cotton soaked in potassium nitrate solution, which is taken out and dried; The fourth part is that the absorbent cotton is soaked in the cold mixed solution of 10 ml concentrated nitric acid and 20 ml concentrated sulfuric acid for about10min, taken out, washed and dried.
Clamp the above four absorbent cotton on the iron wire, leaving a distance of 5 cm between them, and then ignite them in turn. The first one can be burned, but the speed is not fast; The second part is not easy to burn; The third part is easy to burn; The fourth one is very flammable.
(twenty-four) spit "fairy"
Supplies: pointed glass tube, alcohol lamp, colored plastic tube, cotton wool.
Gasoline, soap, glycerin.
Principle: Gasoline vapor can be ignited. When gasoline is mixed with air, it will burn violently and explode in case of fire.
Operation: Put a colored plastic tube on the 20 cm long pointed glass tube, and put a cotton ball soaked with gasoline in the tube. Aim the suction tube at the flame of the alcohol lamp and blow into the other end of the glass tube. Gas comes out of the nozzle and burns when it meets fire. Leave the flame and continue to burn. If the blowing force on the glass tube is slightly larger, the flame can be bright blue at a distance of 4 ~ 5 cm from the tip, which is very beautiful.
At this point, the tip of the glass tube is immersed in soap, and a small amount of glycerol drops. After taking it out, blow air on the other end of the glass tube. When soap bubbles appear in series in the air, it is very interesting to ignite one soap bubble after another with burning alcohol cotton balls, and then emit a series of slight explosions and fireballs.
(25) The fire was put out.
Supplies: 100 ml beaker, writing brush, brush, glass rod, glass plate, color map.
Borax concentrated solution, alum saturated solution, gunpowder cotton, acetone, aluminum powder.
Principle: After the picture is treated with borax and alum solution successively, there is an incombustible protective layer on the picture. Powder cotton burns quickly and the picture will not burn out.
Operation: Take a color picture, apply a layer of borax solution with a brush, dry it and then apply a layer of alum solution, and dry it for later use.
Put gunpowder cotton into a small beaker, add acetone and aluminum powder, and stir well. Then brush the acetone thick solution of gunpowder cotton on the glass plate, and the brush area is slightly larger than the picture. Brush it 3 ~ 4 times repeatedly, dry it, then take it off and stick it on the picture. At this time, the gunpowder quilt match was lit. When the gunpowder cotton burned out quickly, a beautiful picture appeared before us.
(26) fire that cannot burn paper
Supplies: evaporating dish, glass rod, tweezers, paper.
Carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride.
Principle: Carbon disulfide is a flammable liquid, and carbon tetrachloride cannot burn. The combustion of carbon disulfide produces carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, and gives off heat at the same time.
Because there is carbon tetrachloride in it, carbon tetrachloride takes away a lot of heat when it volatilizes in large quantities, so the flame temperature decreases and the ignition point of the paper cannot be reached.
Operation: Pour 6 ml of carbon disulfide and 16 ml of carbon tetrachloride into an evaporating dish and stir evenly. Light blue flame can be seen after being ignited by fire. Then put an ordinary piece of paper on the flame with tweezers, but the paper won't burn.
(27) Fire can write and draw.
Supplies: two pieces of white paper, brushes, pins, incense, alcohol lamps.
30% potassium nitrate solution, 3 mol/L sulfuric acid.
Principle: When potassium nitrate is heated, it will release oxygen and make the paper burn. However, the paper without potassium nitrate will not burn because the heat generated during combustion is not large.
3 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid becomes concentrated sulfuric acid due to evaporation of water during baking. The concentrated sulfuric acid is dehydrated to carbonize the paper, and the painting appears.
Operation:
1. Write on white paper with a brush dipped in 30% potassium nitrate solution. The words should be big, the strokes should be simple, and the handwriting should be connected. Punch a small hole in the beginning of the pen with a pin to mark it, and then dry it.
During the performance, incense is lit at the pinhole of each word, so the fire writes hollow words along the strokes.
2. Draw on white paper with a washed brush dipped in sulfuric acid, and you can't see any trace after drying in the shade. During the performance, the white paper was carefully baked on the fire, so the ink strokes gradually appeared.
Dripping water turns into smoke.
Supplies: mortar, crucible, dropper.
Iodine tablet, aluminum powder.
Principle: Iodine and aluminum do not react at room temperature. After the water catalyst was added, the reaction occurred immediately. The heat released by the reaction turns water into steam, which together with iodine vapor and white aluminum iodide forms a lot of orange smoke. The smoke is mixed with the beautiful purple steam sublimated from iodine.
Operation: Take 3g of iodine tablets and grind them in a dry mortar, then add 0.2g of aluminum powder. After mixing evenly, move it into a crucible and pile it into a hill, and press a small pit on the top of the hill. Drop 1 ~ 2 water into the pit with a dropper. Iodine and aluminum immediately reacted violently, releasing light and heat, and at the same time producing thick brown smoke mixed with beautiful purple iodine vapor.
(29) Smoke billowed in the cup
Supplies: 600 ml beaker, small measuring cylinder, dropper, evaporating dish.
Sand, concentrated sulfuric acid (density1.84g/ml), concentrated nitric acid (density1.4g/ml), turpentine.
Principle: The mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid has strong oxidation. Turpentine is flammable. When it comes into contact with mixed acids, it is oxidized to release a lot of heat, which makes turpentine burn, but the combustion does not completely precipitate a lot of carbon to form black smoke.
Operation: put 1 cm thick fine sand at the bottom of 600 ml beaker. Take an evaporating dish, inject 5ml of concentrated nitric acid and 5ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into the evaporating dish, gently shake it to mix it evenly, and then put the evaporating dish on the sand in the beaker. Suck a small amount of turpentine with a dropper, drop by drop into the mixed acid, and a drop catches fire, causing a thick smoke.