Notes:
Liupan Mountain: in southern Ningxia and eastern Gansu.
Look out: look to the end.
Quizhi: Calculate with digits.
Red flag: When it was published in the first issue of "Poetry Magazine" in 1957, it was written as "Yatou". When he wrote this word for Ningxia cadres in September 1961, he changed it to "red flag" and the handwriting was published in Guangming Daily on October 7 of that year.
Changying: See the notes of "Die Lian Hua? From Tingzhou to Changsha".
Canglong: "Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Zhang Chunzhuan", "Canglong Jiayin". The note says, "Cang Long, Tai Sui". In ancient times, Tai Sui was regarded as an evil god. Tai Sui was on the ground and corresponded to the year star in the sky.
Translated poem
The sky is high and clear with white clouds,
The geese flying south have already reached the horizon.
You are definitely not a hero if you don’t reach the Great Wall pass.
In total, 20,000 people have fought.
The majestic peaks of Liupan Mountain rise again,
The fierce west wind rolls the red flag.
Today I hold the long rope in my arms tightly.
When will I tie up the crazy dragon of the Jiang family?
Appreciation
It is not that "no one will climb it". The poet Mao Zedong led his soldiers to personally climb the last main peak of the Long March - the main peak of Liupan Mountain on October 7, 1935. Facing the high sky and white clouds in the west, the clear autumn air, and gazing at the wild geese flying south, Chairman Mao expressed his feelings and looked at the new battle that was about to begin with a leisurely and joyful air. The poet's mood here is relaxed and high. Among the several poems written by the poet on the subject of the Long March, this one expresses a good mood rushing out of his heart, without any sadness at all. Just as the author himself said, his state of mind at this time is suddenly clear. Cheerful, "there is another village with a bright future".
At the beginning of the first half of the poem, the poet begins by looking at the distant scenery. The autumn scenery in the west is vast, the sky is clear, the clouds are lightly wiping, and the northern geese are flying south in bursts, as if taking away the poet's feelings. Memories and love of the past life and revolutionary struggle in the south, and then aroused the heroic spirit, "If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero, you can only travel 20,000 miles." From the hearty and comfortable autumn heart to the youthful chant of Yingmai, oh, twenty-five thousand miles The Long March is at his feet, the pass of the Great Wall has been reached, and the hero's achievements are about to enter a period of smooth progress. The poet is indeed happy and proud at this time.
Moreover, Mao Zedong’s heroic spirit of “He who has not reached the Great Wall is not a hero” is like “The Long March is a seeder.” The seeds of this heroic spirit have been sown in the hearts of hundreds of millions of people in the motherland. It has become a psychological stereotype for the people of the motherland to express their inner heroism. Not only did they climb the Great Wall wearing T-shirts printed with this poem, but they also often used this sentence to express their determination to overcome hardships. The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation, just as the Long March has become the fighting spirit of the Chinese nation. The poet here uses the ancient word "Great Wall" to integrate it into the essence of contemporary life, and uses it to describe the victory of heroes over adversity, which is a trivial matter. , even if it goes through thousands of days and nights, it is nothing.
In the second half of the poem, the poet looks closer, to the top of the mountain, with red flags hunting, and the Red Army soldiers circling forward among the autumn peaks. Then he vomited out his thoughts and randomly transformed into three lines from Liu Kezhuang's "Congratulations to the Bridegroom" of the Song Dynasty: "I asked Changying, when will I get it to bind the general and the Rong Lord?" And the "Canglong" here comes from Tang Yanshi's ancient annotation quoted from Han Dynasty Fu Qian said : "Cang Long, Tai Sui." Cang Long is the same as "Cang Long", and this meaning can also be explained, because Tai Sui is a fierce and evil spirit, here it is extended to Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary group, which is "Cang Long". Although the last two lines are composed of hypothetical questions, they all function as declarative affirmative sentences, that is, one day, the Red Army soldiers will destroy the Kuomintang reactionaries and win the final victory
Among the poems written by Mao Zedong, "Qingpingle? Liupanshan" is well-known. It is this magnificent poem about mountains and rivers that has made Liupan Mountain on the Loess Plateau, known as "Long Mountain" and "Jitou Mountain" by the ancients, famous all over the world for thousands of years. But what is little known is that this poem was originally called "The Ballad of the Long March" and was later changed to "Qingpingle? Liupanshan". After many years of investigation and textual research, the author has written this article to inform readers of the historical truth.
Originally known as "Long March Ballad"
Liupan Mountain runs through the three counties of Guyuan, Longde and Jingyuan in southern Ningxia, and spans Gansu and Ningxia. The highest peak is more than 3,100 meters, overlooking the northwest Loess Plateau. The steep and rocky peaks make the mountain even more majestic.
The through-mountain road built according to the mountain winds up and twists and turns in the mountains. A local proverb says: "There are six twists and turns in the mountain, twenty-five twists and turns up the mountain, and thirty-one down the mountain." This high mountain running from north to south is the only way for the Red Army to reach the revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi. It is also the last high mountain on the Red Army's Long March. After climbing this mountain, there are no high mountains and dangerous peaks blocking the way to northern Shaanxi.
On October 7, 1935, Mao Zedong and other central leaders, led by the local people, set out from the station, went southeast around Longde County, along the small water ditch up Liupan Mountain, and from the main peak of Liupan Mountain One of them is crossing the mountain on the north side of Niutou Mountain. Mao Zedong walked up Liupan Mountain and climbed the main peak Niutoushan together with other central leaders. Liupan mountain peaks are tall and straight, and the road is difficult and dangerous. Mao Zedong admired the majestic Liupan Mountain at the peak and said to Zhang Wentian and others: "You can see three provinces here, and we are almost to northern Shaanxi." After crossing a mountain ridge, he stopped and called his entourage to take a rest. Mao Zedong sat on a large table as usual. On the stone, he took off his hat and stretched out his legs naturally. While resting, he looked into the distance and said happily: "This is such a good place! I can write about it well in the future. Look, the sky is high and the clouds are light. The red flags are flying, the wild geese are flying south, the scenery of Liupan Mountain is so beautiful! This Liupan Mountain is not simple! It dominates the northwest and is the gateway to Lanzhou and Xi'an. It is not far from the Qilian Mountains and is an important place for military strategists. After many battles, we are not far from the revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi." This was such an encouraging voice for the Red Army commanders and soldiers who were on the arduous long march.
Crossing the Liupan Mountains and about to reach the revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi, the Red Army commanders and fighters who have experienced numerous hardships have become extremely strong. The future of the revolution, the destiny of the nation, thousands of thoughts, and all kinds of emotions surged into Mao Zedong's heart. Amid the chaos of the war, looking ahead to the prospects of the revolution, the great strategic shift has already won great victories. Mao Zedong, who was flourishing in poetry, expressed his feelings and sang high. A heroic "Long March Ballad" was sung from the top of Liupan Mountain in the distance: "The sky is high and the clouds are pale, and I can see the geese returning to the south. If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero! Comrades, We have already traveled 20,000 miles! Comrades, we have already traveled 20,000 miles! At the peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag is flying in the west wind. Comrades, when will we tie the blue dragon?" Leaders such as Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang, and Peng Dehuai who were present at the time all said good poems. The verses of "Ballad of the Long March" show the majesty of the Central Red Army's Long March, agitated by wind and thunder. It records the performance of "the Red Army is not afraid of difficult expeditions" and expresses the determination of the Chinese Communists and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army led by them to resist Chiang Kai-shek and Japan.
After coming down from the mountain, in a Hui cave dwelling in Yangwa Village, Naijiahe, Guyuan, under the bean-like oil lamp, Mao Zedong wrote down the verses of "The Ballad of the Long March". Two months later, Mao Zedong wrote down this poem in pencil at Wayaobao in northern Shaanxi, which was recited at the peak of Liupan Mountain in Ningxia.
This "Long March Ballad" was immediately sung among the Red Army and had a great impact. Later, "Long March Rumors" were widely circulated in the anti-Japanese base areas and the Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army.
Publicly published
So, when was this "Long March Ballad" publicly published?
On December 5, 1941, the literary magazine "Benliu New Collection 2? Hengmei", sponsored by the Communist Party of China Underground Party and published in Shanghai, published this poem with the title "Mr. Mao Zedong's Ci (Long March)" (Timely work)". On August 1, 1942, this poem was published in the supplement "Literary Exercises" of "Huai Poster" sponsored by the New Fourth Army. It was first published publicly, titled "Long March Ballad", but it was still titled "Qing Ping Le". In August 1946, it was published in Shanghai's "Liberation Daily". This time Mao Zedong made major changes to "The Ballad of the Long March". The title was changed to "Qing Ping Le? Liupan Mountain", and the content was changed from the original free style to the standardized "Qing Ping Le? Ci and Music". Later, in 1957, when "Poetry Magazine" was founded, it published the poem "Qingpingle? Liupanshan" for the first time, making Ningxia's Liupanshan world-famous.
Automatic handwriting
In June 1977, I saw the original handwriting of "Qingpingle? Liupanshan" for the first time. At that time, Ningxia received instructions from the central government to send all handwritings about Chairman Mao to the General Office of the Central Committee. At that time, there was also a letter written by Chairman Mao Zedong to Mr. Dong: "Comrade Biwu: I wrote the word Liupanshan as instructed. If you think it is useful, please forward it to comrade Ningxia. If not, you can write it again. I wish you good health! Mao Zedong September 8, 1961.
"After reading it, I was deeply moved. As the chairman of the party and the country, he could write an inscription for the people of Ningxia in the midst of all the daily affairs, and he was so serious and humble. Looking at the handwriting of "Qingpingle Liupanshan" again, the swaying The great spirit of being free and bold, holding the tassel tied to the blue dragon and the red flag rolling in the west wind reflects the lofty spirit of the proletarian revolutionaries who strive to establish a new China for the benefit of the people and carry out the great cause of socialist revolution and socialist construction on behalf of the people.
In order to understand the situation clearly, in April 1982, I went to Beijing to interview Comrade Hei Boli, who was the Secretary-General of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission at that time, and then I found out the whole story. In 1959, in order to arrange the matter. In the Ningxia Hall of the Great Hall of the People, everyone wanted to engrave Chairman Mao Zedong’s poem on the Long March across the Liupan Mountains on the Helan Stone unique to Ningxia. However, Chairman Mao’s manuscript could not be found at that time. They wanted to ask the leaders of the autonomous region to come forward and ask Chairman Mao Zedong to write it. The leaders were also in a dilemma, because Chairman Mao no longer wrote many inscriptions. Under such circumstances, both Hei Boli and Comrade Li Jinglin, then deputy secretary of Ningxia, thought of Mr. Dong and asked Vice Chairman Dong Biwu to come forward to do it. I wrote a letter to Mr. Dong, and Mr. Dong happily agreed. It was written by Mr. Dong’s secretary Shen Dechun. After reading it carefully, Mr. Dong signed it and sent it to Chairman Mao. In 1961, Chairman Mao used the meeting during the central work conference in Lushan, Jiangxi. In addition, he wrote the poem "Qingpingle? Liupanshan". On September 30, 1961, "Ningxia Daily" first published Chairman Mao's poem "Qingpingle? Liupanshan" in red on the front page, and also published it. An editorial titled "He who has not visited the Great Wall is not a true man"
There are many authentic works
At the same time as Chairman Mao's handwritten poem "Qingpingle? Liupanshan", he also wrote it. I wrote a few more poems with different fonts and slightly different content and words. One of the poems was written in cursive. The middle text said "Yatou rolls in the west wind". Some of the words were also written in different calligraphy forms. . The second, third, and fourth poems are also "Yatou Manjuan West Wind". The style of writing and handwriting are different, but the basic content is the same. In the fifth poem, the font is in regular script. The "Yatou" in it has been changed to "Red Flag", and the poem written in this way is the entire content of the poem "Qing Ping Le Liupan Mountain" that we will see later. The handwriting in the sixth poem is another. Calligraphy style, the last sentence is "He tied the blue dragon".
In the seventh poem, it is the original version that people are most familiar with. This poem is 70cm long and 50cm wide. On rice paper, each rice paper has three lines written vertically, divided into two or three sentences. Each line has two or three characters. Only in later books or posters, the separate words were combined. Together, they are written in horizontal and vertical format.
The poems in Poetry No. 8 were written by Chairman Mao on April 20, 1962. At this time, Chairman Mao also wrote the poem "Long March". . This is also the last handwriting of "Qingpingle? Liupanshan" that we have seen so far.