Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882.1.30-1945.4.12), the 32nd President of the United States, was born in New York. His father, James Roosevelt, was a millionaire. Rich man. His mother, Sarah Delano, was 26 years younger than his father. Roosevelt studied at Harvard University and Columbia University. In 1910, he served as deputy secretary of the Navy. In 1921, he suffered from polio. (Polio) and became disabled in 1928. He ran for president in 1932 and was very effective in dealing with the economic crisis. He was re-elected in the 1936, 1940 and 1944 elections. At the beginning of the war, the United States adopted a policy of non-intervention, but took tough measures against Hitler and supported the Allies with the Lend-Lease Act. At the end of 1941, the United States entered the war. Roosevelt represented the United States in the "Big Three" meetings of the Allies. The Roosevelt administration proposed the Axis Powers. The principle of unconditional surrender was implemented. Roosevelt proposed the idea of ??establishing the United Nations and died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. Franklin Delano. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York, on January 30, 1882. His father, James Roosevelt, was an active figure in the diplomatic and business circles, and his mother, Sarah Delano, was a beautiful woman from an upper-class background and educated abroad. Female. James was 26 years older than Sarah. After receiving enlightenment education from his mother, Roosevelt studied Latin, French, German, calligraphy, arithmetic and European history with his tutor. When he was 5 years old, Roosevelt followed his father to meet the then President Cleveland. He once gave him a strange wish: "Pray that God will never let you be the president of the United States." However, he became the longest-serving president in American history and one of the most prestigious presidents. In 1896, Roosevelt was sent away. He entered Groton School, which aimed at cultivating political figures, and began to adapt to the new environment. He was well-read, well-educated, and loved sports. He was good at tennis, golf, and liked horse riding and sailing. When football became popular, he took the initiative to organize a cheerleading team and served as an administrator. He was good at debating and was a member of the "Debating Society." Such was his status that Rexford Tugwell believed that the way he handled difficult situations in Groton became a pattern for his behavior in similar situations later."
1900. He entered Harvard University in 2011, studying political science, history and journalism. In this year, his 72-year-old father passed away, leaving a savings of 120,000 US dollars. His mother inherited an inheritance of 1.3 million US dollars from his grandfather. Roosevelt was a college student. He was keen on social activities, but his academic performance was not outstanding. He traveled to Europe several times and liked ball games. At Harvard, he worked as an outstanding assistant for the school magazine "The Crimson Newspaper". He cleverly used the influence of his cousin Roosevelt. At that time, his cousin, who was the governor of New York, came to Harvard to give a speech, so the newspaper recruited him as an assistant. At this time, Roosevelt, as a partner of McKinley, ran for president against the Democratic Party's Bryan. He took the initiative to visit the principal, and Principal Elliott met with the first-year student. Roosevelt aggressively told the principal: "If your vote represents what you believe in, you should be willing to put your influence on the scale." Elliott answered his question. Not only did the Crimson publish Franklin's exclusive news, but other major newspapers in the United States also reprinted it. So when Roosevelt was about to graduate, he was promoted to editor-in-chief of the newspaper. To maintain his reputation, he spent another year as a graduate student at Harvard.
In 1904, Roosevelt entered Columbia University Law School. In March 1905, married Eleanor (niece of President Theodore Roosevelt). Eleanor was the niece of the then current President Theodore Roosevelt. The president personally attended the wedding ceremony, making the wedding very grand. However, Franklin found that most people came because of the president, which inspired his determination to enter politics. In 1907, Roosevelt graduated from law school and entered a law firm as a lawyer.
In 1910, Roosevelt began to enter politics as a Democrat.
When he told his uncle the president, who was a Republican, about this decision, the other party angrily cursed: "You despicable bastard! You traitor..." But Franklin Roosevelt did not change the direction of progress. He rode in a red car and gave more than a dozen speeches a day, and was eventually elected to the New York City Senate. In 1913, President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He served for seven years and performed outstandingly, advocating the construction of a "strong and combat-capable Navy." In 1919, Roosevelt lobbied hard for Wilson's international smart plan, which resulted in his failure to run for vice president in 1920. Although the election failed, his brilliance as a rising political star has not diminished. Thereafter, Roosevelt served as vice chairman of the Maryland Credit and Savings Company and returned to practice law. Additionally, Roosevelt engaged in various business ventures.
Intelligent, capable, broad-minded, and popular among the public, it seems that nothing can stop this 39-year-old man from reaching the top of politics. However, a ruthless disaster struck at this moment. In August 1921, Roosevelt took his family on vacation on Campobello Island. After putting out a forest fire, he jumped into the cold sea water and contracted polio. High fever, pain, numbness and the prospect of lifelong disability did not make Roosevelt give up his ideals and beliefs. He continued to exercise unremittingly in an attempt to regain the ability to walk and stand. The Georgia hot springs he used to treat his illness were called "laughter" A place that shakes the heavens.” During his convalescence, Roosevelt read extensively, including many biographies and histories but almost no economics or philosophy.
Roosevelt’s diplomatic ideas stemmed from the two presidents he most admired. His distant cousin Theodore Roosevelt taught him how to defend national interests and achieve checks and balances of power. Woodrow Wilson taught him: The international order is based on unity and the maintenance of peace. In 1928, with the understanding and support of Mrs. Roosevelt, Roosevelt returned to politics, participated in the gubernatorial election and narrowly lost, and became the governor of New York State in 1929 (he was re-elected as governor in 1930). New York can be said to be Roosevelt's experimental place to cultivate his ability to conduct political activities and manage national affairs. The 1932 presidential campaign took place against the backdrop of a severe economic crisis. Democratic presidential candidate Roosevelt advocated the implementation of the "New Deal." Political opponents often attacked him for his disability, which was something Roosevelt had to struggle with throughout his life, but he was always able to turn it into an advantage with his outstanding political performance, excellent eloquence and abundant energy. When he ran for the first time, he told people through his spokesman: "A governor is not necessarily an acrobat. We did not elect him because he can do a front roll or a back roll. He does mental work and finds ways to benefit the people." Relying on such perseverance and optimism, Roosevelt finally defeated Hoover with an absolute advantage in 1933 and became the 32nd President of the United States.
In early 1933, when Roosevelt first took office as president, the storm of the Great Depression swept across the United States. Unemployment, bankruptcy, closures, and slumps were everywhere. The pain, fear, and despair of the United States could be seen everywhere. Roosevelt showed an overwhelming confidence. When he was sworn in, he delivered a passionate speech, telling people: The only thing we fear is fear itself. On that cold afternoon of March 4, 1933, the new president's determination and light-hearted optimism "kindled the fire of a new spirit of national unity." Policy guidelines aimed at achieving national rejuvenation and good-neighborly relations with foreign countries were put forward. In order to implement the New Deal, Roosevelt formed a think tank with a group of liberal lawyers, experts and scholars to consult on policy issues; through "fireside chats", he maintained close contact with the people and had a firm fight with the Supreme Court, which opposed the New Deal. fought and successfully reorganized the Supreme Court.
From March 9 to June 16, 1933, the U.S. Congress held a special session at the request of President Roosevelt. Roosevelt has made various speeches to urge and guide the legislative work of Congress. Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act, the Federal Emergency Relief Act, the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Industrial Recovery Act, the Tennessee River Basin Management Act, etc. at an alarming speed.
The New Deal of 1933-1934 focused on "revival". The main measures were: maintaining bank credit, devaluing the dollar, stimulating foreign trade, restricting agricultural production to maintain agricultural product prices, and preventing farmers from going bankrupt; stipulating agreed prices In order to reduce competition among enterprises and prevent enterprise bankruptcy, the New Deal from 1935 to 1939 focused on "relief" and "reform". The main measures include: more powerful use of administrative intervention, implementation of slow inflation, and extensive public policy * Project construction and emergency relief, implement social insurance to expand employment opportunities and improve social purchasing power; carry out tax system reform, pay taxes according to tax payment ability, and levy corporate income tax and excessive profits tax at different levels. Roosevelt's New Deal restored public confidence in the American political system and strengthened federal government institutions. As a result, American industry and agriculture gradually recovered. In 1936, at the end of his first term, facing a 50% increase in national income, Roosevelt described it eloquently: “At this moment, factory machines are playing music in unison, the market is prosperous, bank credit is strong, and cars and ships are running back and forth loaded with passengers and goods. . ” Therefore, it is not surprising that Roosevelt was elected president again in 1936.
In 1933, the Roosevelt administration recognized the Soviet Union and established diplomatic relations with it. In 1934, the U.S. Congress repealed the Platt Amendment, which interfered with Cuba's sovereignty, U.S. troops withdrew from Haiti and Nicaragua, and the U.S. allowed the Philippines to become independent. Of course, while promoting the good-neighbor policy, Roosevelt also had violent interference in Latin American countries.
In October 1937, Roosevelt delivered a speech when attending the inauguration ceremony of the new bridge in Chicago, pointing out: "When a certain infectious disease begins to spread, in order to protect the health of residents and prevent the epidemic, society must "Wars will spread if patients are allowed to be quarantined." "Wars can spread to countries and people far away from the original battlefield. We are determined to stay out of the war, but we cannot guarantee that we will not be affected by the disaster of war. In the crisis of being involved in the war; the "Quarantine Speech" was severely criticized, and Roosevelt later said without fear: "How terrible it is that you want to take the lead, but when you look back, there is no one behind you!" "However, the "Quarantine Speech" after all pointed out the horror of war to the American public.
In January 1938, Roosevelt urged an immediate 20% increase in naval construction fees in a special message. After fierce debate in Congress, The fact that the Vinson expansion of the Navy Act was passed in May, allowing $1 billion to develop the navy, showed that most serious Americans had seen the threat of war and therefore agreed to strengthen defense in December 1938. Under Roosevelt's initiative, the Pan-American Conference adopted the "Lima Declaration", which reflected the determination of American countries to fight fascism. After the German army entered Prague in March 1938, the US Deputy Secretary of State condemned Germany's "unbridled lawlessness" and "rampant tyranny" on behalf of the president. ".
In September 1939, after the outbreak of the German-Polish War, Roosevelt had to issue a formal neutrality statement and implement neutrality laws. At a special session of Congress on September 21, Roosevelt attempted to use the embargo policy The disaster that had brought to the United States - the partial burning of the Capitol in 1814 to persuade Congress to repeal the embargo clause, while claiming that "of course, reviewing this point for you is just retelling history." After fierce debates inside and outside Congress, Congress passed the amendment to the Neutrality Act, abolishing the embargo clause and implementing the cash-and-carry principle (cash purchase, transportation at your own expense).
In May 1940, the British and French forces were defeated by the German army. Roosevelt asked Congress to increase defense funding and strengthen war preparedness. In order to gain the support of the Republicans, Roosevelt appointed Henry Stimson as Secretary of the Army and Frank Knox as Secretary of the Navy. During the war, the U.S. Secretary of War was Harry. Woodring (from 1937 to June 1940), Henry Stimson (from June 1940 to September 1945), and the successive Secretary of the Navy were Claude Swanson (from 1939) and Charles Edison (from 1940). Years), Frank Knox (June 1940 to 1944), James Forrestal (succeeded in 1944). At a time when Britain was facing danger, Roosevelt began to provide weapons and equipment to Britain.
In December 1940, Roof, who was touring the Caribbean, received an urgent letter from British Prime Minister Churchill, which stated that to deal with German military power, Britain needed a large amount of weapons and equipment, but the British finances could not provide American weapons. The day of cash delivery of equipment is coming. Therefore, Roosevelt did not mention the suggestion of loans from the United States to Britain or military supplies to Britain at the press conference. Instead, he talked about the ordinary analogy-"I" lent the garden hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire to help the neighbor put out the fire. After the fire, it was easy to discuss whether the neighbor would return the water pipes or compensate for the water pipes after the fire was put out. Then he declared in the fireside chat: "We must become a great arsenal of democratic countries" and "I ask our people to absolutely believe in our Communist Party members." The business will be a great success." The American public is in favor.
In January 1941, Roosevelt asked Congress to "authorize and allocate sufficient funds to manufacture more munitions and various military supplies for transfer to countries currently engaged in actual combat with aggressor countries." In March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act passed by Congress (the President has the power to lease weapons and equipment to countries related to U.S. security) was signed by the President and came into effect. (60% is supplied to the United Kingdom and 32% to the Soviet Union). The passage of the Lend-Lease Act put the United States in a non-belligerent state and was an important milestone in the United States' active intervention in the anti-fascist war.
In June 1941, after the Soviet-German war broke out, Roosevelt condemned Germany's aggression and announced that the United States would assist the Soviet Union. In August, Roosevelt and Churchill held talks in Newfoundland and issued the "Atlantic Charter." The charter declares that the United States and the United Kingdom will not pursue territorial expansion, nor are they willing to make territorial changes that go against the will of the relevant ethnic groups, and respect the right of each ethnic group to choose its form of government.
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War broke out. Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. The United States declared war on Japan, Germany, and Italy and officially entered World War II. Lieutenant General Walter Short, commander of the U.S. Army in the Pacific, and Admiral Husband Kimmel, commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet, who were responsible for the Pearl Harbor attack, were relieved of their duties on December 17. In February and March of the following year, Short and Kimmel retired with the rank of rear admiral and rear admiral respectively.
In order to win the war, Roosevelt ordered war mobilization and the reorganization of military command structures. Before the end of the war, the number of U.S. armed forces reached more than 15.14 million, including 10.42 million in the Army, 2.3 million in the Army Air Force (more than 70,000 aircraft), more than 3.88 million in the Navy (4,500 ships), and 59 in the Marine Corps. There are more than 10,000 people, and the Coast Guard has more than 240,000 people. The Scientific Research and Development Bureau, established in June 1941, is in charge of national defense science and technology research. Its main achievements include: the development of radar and electronic equipment, radio fuzes for rockets, bombs, missiles, etc. for actual combat, atomic bombs, etc. The Production Administration gradually completed the transformation of the United States into a wartime economy in the spring and summer of 1941. Since then, the Supplies Priority Distribution Committee, War Production Committee, Economic Stabilization Committee, and War Mobilization Committee (the agency functions may be overlapping or inherited) are responsible for the production and distribution of war materials, ensuring the war needs of the United States and its allies. The Bureau of Censorship and the Bureau of War Information are responsible for U.S. news and propaganda. Since 1939, Roosevelt has implemented mandatory retirement for old and frail generals, and promoted personnel with strong combat command capabilities to the highest command level. In 1942, Roosevelt ordered the formation of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (composed of Army Chief of Staff George Marshall, Chief of Naval Operations Ernest King, Army Air Forces Commander Henry Arnold, and Presidential Chief of Staff William Composed of Lehi) and exercise unified command over the armed forces.
Roosevelt awakened U.S. foreign interventionism in the 1940s. At the same time, he decided to establish an organization to maintain world peace after World War II-the United Nations. In order to jointly study the military situation and formulate joint operational plans, Roosevelt and Churchill held the "Arcadia" Conference (December 1941) in Washington. The main agreements reached were: U.S. production targets for 1942 and 1943; The "Military Supplies Distribution Committee" was established to coordinate the distribution of munitions, and the U.S.-British Joint Chiefs of Staff Conference was established to coordinate joint operations of the Allied forces; the U.S.-British-Dutch-Australian Allied Forces Command was established in the Pacific region; the China Theater was established (at the same time, the China-Burma-India Theater was established to commemorate the U.S. military Ministry); reiterated the Allied strategy of "Europe First", that is, defeating Nazi Germany first; drafted the "United Nations Declaration".
On New Year's Day in 1942, under Roosevelt's initiative, representatives of 26 countries including the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and other countries signed the "United Nations Declaration" in Washington, and the International Anti-Fascist Alliance was formally formed.
In the first half of 1942, the British forces in North Africa suffered repeated defeats, and the military situation faced by the Allies was extremely unfavorable. In order to get rid of the military dilemma and as compensation for the Allies not being able to open a second battlefield in Europe in 1942, Roosevelt and Churchill decided to implement the North African landing plan, regardless of Marshall's objections. The North African campaign wiped out the German and Italian forces in the area.
In early 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill led relevant command and staff personnel to Casablanca, Morocco, to hold a military conference. The meeting decided to attack Sicily in 1943 and postpone the attack on France to 1944. At the joint press conference after the meeting, Roosevelt declared: The fascist Axis powers must "unconditionally surrender." "This does not mean that all residents of Germany, Italy, and Japan must be annihilated, but it does mean the annihilation of all residents of these countries." Based on the philosophy of conquering and enslaving other peoples".
Starting in 1943, the Allies shifted from strategic defense to strategic offense. In order to coordinate the combat operations of the Allies and discuss the Allies' post-war policies, Roosevelt successively communicated with the Allies The summit held a series of important meetings.
In March 1943, Roosevelt discussed with Eden the establishment of an international organization to maintain world peace and security after the war. With Roosevelt's efforts, Congress agreed to the United States' participation. This kind of international organization.
In May, Roosevelt, Churchill and relevant commanders and staff held a "Trident" conference in Washington and decided: to seize the Azores Islands to provide a new naval and air military base; to strengthen Air strikes against Germany; instructing Eisenhower to prepare to attack the Italian mainland after occupying Sicily; May 1st of the following year was the date for the implementation of the "Overlord" plan; make detailed plans to launch a new offensive in the Pacific region.
After the collapse of Mussolini's fascist Italian government, Roosevelt and Churchill held a "Quadrant" conference in Quebec in August and decided to negotiate an armistice with the new government. However, the Allies were still fighting the Germans for Italy.
p>In November, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek held the Cairo Conference in Egypt. The conference discussed the military situation in China and Burma and decided to implement the "Anajim" plan. The three countries signed the "Cairo Declaration". It aimed to deprive Japan of all the islands it had acquired in the Pacific since World War I, return the territory Japan had stolen from China to China, and enable Korea to gain freedom and independence. <
After the Cairo Conference, Roosevelt and Churchill. The group immediately went to Iran to hold the Tehran Conference with Stalin, the Supreme Commander of the Soviet Union. The conference mainly discussed the opening of the second battlefield in Europe, military operations in Italy and offensive operations in the Pacific, the Soviet Union's war against Japan after Germany's surrender, the Polish border, and the disposition of Germany after the war. As well as issues such as establishing an international organization to maintain world peace and security after the war, the meeting reiterated that the Allies would implement the "Overlord" plan in May 1944. In order to keep Marshall in Washington, Roosevelt decided to appoint Eisenhower as the Allied Forces to implement the "Overlord" plan. Supreme Commander of the Army.
On June 5, 1944 (delayed from May 1 due to weather conditions), the Allied forces landed in Normandy, France, and implemented the "Overlord" operational plan, forming the second battlefield in Europe. In 1944, the Second World War reached its most critical moment, and the U.S. presidential election was also approaching. American public opinion generally believed that it was inappropriate to change executive heads at critical moments. The U.S. Democratic government warned voters: "It is best not to change boats when you are on the river. "
Roosevelt selected Harry S. Truman as his running partner. At first, Truman felt suddenly and thought that he had never conducted such an election campaign before, and was worried that it would not be helpful to Roosevelt's future. After Roosevelt's persuasion, he Only then did he finally agree. In order to win the election, Roosevelt dismissed the "tired old man" attack of the Democratic Party presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey and made public the evidence of his physician, Vice Admiral Ross McIntyre. on November 17, 1944, Roosevelt was elected to the United States for the fourth time with 53% of the vote. President. During this term, Roosevelt only served for 73 days before passing away in Georgia.
In this way, Franklin Roosevelt served four consecutive terms, 12 years and 39 days as president. He was the first president to serve more than two terms, breaking Washington's precedent. Due to the restrictions of Article 22 of the Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, he will be the only president in American history to serve four terms. Roosevelt was elected President of the United States four times. Apart from war factors, is there any secret to his success? The answer is yes. James Burns, Roosevelt's authoritative biographer, came to the following conclusions after extensive research: seizing public opinion; being good at choosing opportunities; caring about political details; paying attention to internal factional disputes; personal charm and political skills. Roosevelt's four consecutive terms as president were extremely important to the American political system and the world's anti-fascist war.
In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin held the Yalta Conference in the Crimean Peninsula. The meeting mainly discussed issues such as the disposition of Germany after the war, the governments of Poland and Eastern Europe, the United Nations, and the Soviet Union's war against Japan. The conference reiterated that Nazi Germany must surrender unconditionally.
In 1944, he held a series of meetings to implement relatively open policies in the fields of finance, trade, food and agriculture. In short, he has his eye on the United States, and he is the only one who can prevent the United States from making the mistake of isolationism again.
The heavy political and war affairs damaged Roosevelt's health. On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt died of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage in a hot spring in Georgia. He is the author of "Looking Forward", "On Our Road", etc. His remains are buried in Hyde Park. In accordance with Roosevelt's last wish, the United States established the Roosevelt Library to preserve Roosevelt's public and private documents for future generations to study. After President Roosevelt approved the act establishing the National Archives in 1934, he was determined that his documents would eventually belong to the National Archives and not fall into the hands of the Library of Congress. He also has far more documents than previous presidents. For example, his predecessor, President Hoover, received an average of 400 letters a day, while Roosevelt received an average of 4,000 letters a day. In 1938, Roosevelt used donations from more than 28,000 donors to build a library on his own property in Hyde Park, New York, to store his documents. In 1943, he donated the library and property to the American people. He made a donation to the federal government in 1939 and approved the establishment of the National Presidential Library System to manage these materials. Roosevelt's own library (FDR Library) was completed and dedicated to the American people in 1941. He said at the Hyde Park celebration in New York: "The dedication of the library was an act of faith for me. Collecting materials from the past Preserved in buildings for future use by people, a country must believe in three things: it must believe in the past, it must believe in the future, and it must believe in the ability of its own people to learn from the past and gain judgment in creating their own future , and this is the most important. "The Roosevelt Presidential Library is the first presidential library built in the United States, built with private donations in Hyde Park on the banks of the Hudson River in New York City. In 1939, Congress passed a bill and decided to accept President Roosevelt's request to donate the library to the nation and place it under the management of the National Archives. In 1955, Congress officially decided to build a presidential library for each outgoing president in the form of the Roosevelt Presidential Library, but stipulated that the construction cost should come from voluntary donations from the private sector and not from government investment. After completion, ownership will belong to the federal government. Managed by the National Archives and Records Administration. In November 1978, President Carter signed the Presidential Papers Act, which stipulated that as of January 20, 1981, all U.S. presidential documents became the property of the state, and "the United States shall retain and hold title to, ownership of, and management of presidential documents." ", and also stipulates: "When the term of the President expires, or at the expiration of the term, the Director of the National Archives and Records Administration shall perform the duties of custody, management, preservation and requesting of presidential documents." The emergence of this bill marks a major step forward for the U.S. government in the centralized storage of official documents, thus achieving centralized and unified management of all official records of the U.S. federal government. To fulfill this responsibility, the National Archives and Records Administration maintains a working liaison team at the White House responsible for implementing the management arrangements for presidential records and facilitating the transfer of presidential archives documents to the National Archives and Records Administration. Naturally, he has accumulated a large amount of documents and materials in his hands. He attached great importance to and cherished his letters and documents. Not only did he accumulate millions of manuscripts, he also collected 150 audio recordings of speeches by world-famous leaders, and 200 volumes of documentary films about the activities of these leaders.
The Roosevelt Presidential Library performs extensive work in replenishing, cataloging, and utilizing archival documents. All collected manuscripts and printed documents have been systematically organized, classified into 18 categories, and classified catalogs have been compiled. The museum also contains documents and materials belonging to the president's family members and colleagues. With a collection volume of 16,227 cubic feet (1992 material), the library opened in 1946.
The famous American journalist Johnson wrote in Roosevelt's biography: "He overturned more precedents than anyone else, smashed more ancient structures than anyone else, and changed the entire face of the United States more than anyone else. Everyone wants to be fast and furious. But it was his deepest belief that the American building was, as a whole, quite beautiful. "Roosevelt was the most beloved and most hated American president of the 20th century. He was loved because, although he was born into an aristocracy, he believed in the value of ordinary people and fought to protect their rights. Another reason he was loved was that he had an intimidating charisma. He works happily and is confident about the future. He led the United States out of economic troubles and changed the American way of life. And then to defend democracies and help make the world safe.
He can be pleased with what happened after his death: 25 days after his death, Germany unconditionally surrendered, and three months later, Japan unconditionally surrendered. And the poliomyelitis that accompanied him throughout his life and fought tenaciously was finally overcome on April 12, 1955, exactly ten years after his death.
Historians and political scientists agree that Roosevelt, Washington, and Lincoln were the three greatest presidents of the United States.
To add, in June 1941, Roosevelt once delivered a speech in which he mentioned the "Four Freedoms"...
The first is speech and publication Freedom of opinion—everywhere in the world.
The second is the freedom of each person to worship God in his or her own way—everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want—which, in global terms, means the economic consciousness that guarantees a healthy peacetime life to the inhabitants of every country—in every country in the world. place.
The fourth is freedom from fear - from a global perspective, it means world-wide disarmament, which is so comprehensive and complete that no country can launch armed aggression against other countries - in the world Everywhere.
This is not a fantasy of the distant future. It is the exact basis for a world that is within our own time, within our generation. This world is the exact opposite of the so-called "new order" of authoritarianism, which dictators seek to create with the power of bombs.
In contrast to that "new order", we propose a larger concept - spiritual order. A good society can face the machinations of the world powers or foreign revolutions without fear.
For as long as Britain has ever known we have been engaged in change, an uninterrupted peaceful revolution that developed quietly and steadily, constantly adapting to changing circumstances without the use of concentration camps or massacres. The world order we seek is a cooperation of free nations working together in a friendly and civilized society.
This nation entrusts its destiny to the hands, minds, and hearts of millions of free men and women, building its faith in freedom guided by God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. We support those who fight for and defend human rights. Our strength lies in our unity of purpose.
This noble idea has no other outcome than victory.
Edit this paragraph of Roosevelt's quotations
The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. This indescribable, irrational and unreasonable fear paralyzes people's will , preventing people from making the necessary efforts, thereby turning retreat into advancement.
Happiness does not just depend on how much money you have, but on the joy of success and the thrill of the soul brought by creative activities.
Simply sitting and talking is completely unhelpful. We must act, and we must act quickly.
The standard for testing our progress is not how much wealth we have added to those who are wealthy, but whether we have provided sufficient living security for those who are poor.
In every land, various forces that separate people and bring people together are at work all the time. When we strive to achieve our own aspirations, we are individualists; But in seeking economic and political progress as a nation, we become one, either rising together or falling into the abyss together.
The destruction of peace anywhere will endanger the peace of all countries in the world.