Ying Zheng (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC), the first emperor, was named (Zheng), also known as Zulong. Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang and Evonne's son. China was an ancient politician, strategist and reformer. He was the first politician to realize the reunification of China and the first monarch in China to be called the emperor.
Qin Shihuang was born in Handan (now Handan), the capital of Zhao State, and later returned to Qin State. In the first 247 years, 13 was king. In the first 238 years, he put down the rebellion of Chang Xin Lao Ai, and then got rid of the powerful minister Lv Buwei and began to lead the country. Li Si and Liao Wei are highly valued. From 230 years ago to 22 1 years ago, they destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, completed the great cause of reunifying China, and established a centralized and unified multi-ethnic country-the Qin Dynasty.
2. Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), a native of Yang Du, was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer, calligrapher and inventor during the Three Kingdoms period.
In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong. After Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage and invited Zhuge Liang, he joined forces with Sun Quan of Soochow to defeat Cao Jun in the Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the Three Kingdoms and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou was captured.
Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang and took charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be personally done, and rewards and punishments are strict; Make an alliance with Wu Dong to improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China;
Carry out the reclamation policy and strengthen combat readiness. Most of the six northern expeditions to the Central Plains were based on grain. Eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu at the age of 54. Liu Chan made him a loyal minister, and later generations often called him Zhuge Liang by Wuhou. Because of his military ability, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing.
3. Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155-0315,220), whose real name was Geely, was the secretariat of posthumous title Mengde and Yuzhou (now Bozhou, Anhui). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of Cao Wei regime.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, and unified northern China.
And implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand land reclamation, build water conservancy projects, reward farmers and admire mulberry, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle refugees, and implement "rent modulation", thus making the Central Plains society gradually stable and the economy turn around.
In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Cao Cao was named Wang Wei, established the State of Wei, made its capital in Yecheng, Hebei Province, and was later promoted to Wang Wei. After his death, his son, Cao Pi, proclaimed himself emperor, and respected Cao Cao as Emperor Wu, whose temple name was Mao.
4. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (65,438+0,465,438+0-87), politically, the system of Chinese and foreign dynasties, the system of secretariat of history and the system of procuratorial work were established, and the law of wooing an was promulgated to strengthen autocratic monarchy and centralization. Economically, measures such as leveling, compensation, calculation and suing were adopted to cast five baht, which made the government monopolize the operation of salt, iron and wine and suppressed the influence of wealthy businessmen.
Culturally, it "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone" and established imperial academy. Externally, Emperor Wudi adopted an expansion policy. In addition to fighting the Huns for years, it also broke Fujian and Vietnam, South Vietnam, Weishi Korea and Dawan, hollowed out the western regions, opened up the Silk Road and opened up the southwest.
In addition, there are some measures, such as creating a year number and issuing a calendar in the early days. However, he believed in magic, boasted about luxury and resorted to military tactics, which led to the crisis of rule and the outbreak of witchcraft in his later years. Later, because of the frustration of external expansion, it was awarded the "Imperial Decree of Wheel Platform". In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty collapsed in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70 and was buried in Maoling.
5. Emperor Wendi Sui Wendi
Sui Wendi Sui Wendi (2 1, 54 1- 13, August 604) was born in Huayin, Hongnong County (now huayin city, Shaanxi Province). Yang Zhen, the 14th grandson of Han Taiwei, the founding emperor of Sui Dynasty, reigned from Kaiyuan (58 1) to Renshou (604). Xianbei fine print, Xianbei surname Pu Liuru, returned to Yang after Emperor Wendi came to power.
His father, Yang Zhong, was a military aristocrat in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties. When Emperor Wudi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty became a vassal, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty inherited his father's title. When he succeeded to the throne in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was the pillar of the country and Fu was the foundation of the country. He looked forward to a prosperous future. In the first year of Dading in Northern Zhou Dynasty (58 1), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was abdicated as emperor by Jing Di of Northern Zhou Dynasty, and he was restored as emperor. After Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, he carried out a series of reforms in the political and economic systems.
Amend the criminal law and system to adapt to China after the reunification of North and South. The central government implemented the system of three provinces and six departments, and the three-level system of local counties was changed to the two-level system of counties, which consolidated centralization. Reduce taxes many times, reduce the burden on the people, promote national agricultural production and stabilize economic development.
In the ninth year (589), the King of Jin was sent south to pacify Chen and unify the north and south. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty adopted the policy of military defense and political appeal to the surrounding ethnic groups, which effectively handled ethnic contradictions and was honored as "holy Khan" by the northern ethnic minorities. During the reign of the emperor, the Sui Dynasty had a vast territory with a population of more than 7 million.
Emperor Wen was in office for twenty-four years, determined to reform and made outstanding achievements. However, in the later period of his reign, he gradually became suspicious, killed heroes and listened to the words of the Queen Wen. He deposed Prince Yong Yang and made King Yang Guang of A Jin Prince, which laid the groundwork for national subjugation. Renshou died in Renshou Palace in 604. Sixty-four-year-old, temple name Gaozu, posthumous title Wendi, was buried in Tailing.
6. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin
Li Shimin (65438+5981October 28th-10, July 649) was born in Ji Cheng (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province). The second emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned from 626 to 649), an outstanding politician, strategist, militarist and poet, was the second son of Tang Gaozu tang gaozu, and his mother was the grandmother Dou Shi.
Born in Wugongtang (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province), he joined the army as a teenager and was good at riding and shooting. He once went to Yanmenguan to rescue Yang Di. Jinyang was the first to arise and was named Duke of Dunhuang. He was good at fighting. After entering Chang 'an, he was worshipped as Shang Shuling and General You Wuhou, and was named King of Qin. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Ce Tian and Stuart, the official generals, were made kings of Qin.
Pacify the separatist forces such as Xue, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande and Wang, and make great contributions to the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty. Set up a literature museum to attract talents. In the ninth year of Wude (July 2, 626), he launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion, killed Prince Li, Li Yuanji, King of Qi, and made him a prince. Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu abdicated, officially acceded to the throne, the title of Zhenguan.
In the early days of his rule, he listened to the opinions of ministers and accepted advice with an open mind. Governing the country and leveling the world with Chinese characters, practicing economy, persuading farmers and mulberry workers to recuperate, making the country prosperous and the people safe, and creating "the rule of chastity."
Open up territory to the outside world, attack and destroy East Turkistan and Xueyantuo, conquer Gaochang, Qiuci and Tuguhun, hit Goguryeo hard, and set up four towns in Anxi, so that all ethnic groups can live in harmony. All ethnic groups in the north were honored as "Tiankhan", which laid an important foundation for the prosperous times of Tang Dynasty 100 years.
In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (10,649), he died in the wind in the temple at the age of 52. In the twenty-third year of his reign, the temple was named Taizong and was buried in Zhaoling. I like literature and calligraphy, and I have poems handed down from generation to generation by Mo Bao.
7. Wei Zhi
Wei Zhi, whose real name is "Wei Zhi" (the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (580)-the seventeenth year of the Tang Dynasty (February 643 1 1), was born in Xiaquyang County (now Jinzhou City). Politicians, thinkers, writers and historians in the Sui and Tang Dynasties were called "a generation of celebrities" by later generations because of their suggestions and assistance in the great cause of "Zhenguan rule" initiated by Emperor Taizong.
Official to Dr. Guanglu, whose name is Zheng Guogong, and posthumous title is "Wen Zhen". Keep the funeral simple. In the same year, he entered Lingyange.
Editor-in-chief of Shu Qun Zhi Yao, Preface to Sui Shu, General Introduction to Liang Shu, Chen Shu and Shu Qi, etc. His remarks are mostly seen in Zhenguan politicians. Among them, the most famous and handed down exhortation list-"Ten Thoughts on Advisement by Emperor Taizong".
8. Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan (1162 May 31-1227 August 25) was a member of the beggars' department of Mongolia. Mongolian Khan is an outstanding politician and strategist in the history of the world.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), he was born in the upper reaches of Nanhe River in Mobei (now Kent Province of Mongolia), and his name was Temujin. In the eleventh year of Xichun (1 184), it became the beauty-seeking Khan of Mongolia, and gradually unified the various ministries of Mongolia. In the second year of Jubilee (1206), Mongolia was established, with Genghis Khan as its title, and the Genghis Khan Code was promulgated.
He launched foreign wars many times and conquered the Black Sea coastal areas in Central Asia and Eastern Europe in the west. In the third year of Baoqing (1227), he set out to conquer Xixia, died on the way and was buried in secret.
In October of the second year of Zhiyuan (1265), he was honored as Mao. In October of the 3rd year of Zhiyuan (1266), after the completion of the ancestral temple, Emperor Wu Sheng was posthumously sealed. From Yuan Wuzong to his sophomore year (1309), he pursued the title of "Emperor Wu Sheng from Fatianyun" with the temple name of Taizu.
9. Zhu Yuanzhang
Zhu Yuanzhang (1328101October 29-1June 24, 398), emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was Guo Rui, a native of Haozhou Zhongli (now Fengyang, Anhui), and was of Han nationality. Formerly known as Chongba, it was later named Xingzong. After joining the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing, it was renamed Bird. Politicians, military strategists and strategists. The founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, the year number Hongwu.
Zhu Yuanzhang was very poor when he was a child. He used to herd cattle for the landlord Liu De. Zheng Zheng entered Huang Jue Temple for four years (1344). At the age of 25, he took part in the Red Scarf Army uprising led by Guo Zixing against the Yuan Dynasty. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), Qing Ji Road was captured and changed to Tianfu. Until/very
In the twenty-seventh year (1367), Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were ordered to "expel Land Rover and restore China" as a call to transfer troops to the Northern Expedition to overthrow the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning of the first year of Hongwu (1368), he proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtianfu, with the title of Daming and the title of Hongwu. The capture of Dadu in the autumn of that year ended the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in the whole country. And pacify the southwest, northwest, Liaodong and other places, and finally unify the whole country.
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang died at the age of 7 1. The name of the temple is Taizu, and posthumous title opened the heaven to establish the Great Sage to God, Benevolence and Righteousness. Wu Junde succeeded to the throne as the High Emperor and was buried in the Ming Tombs. To his grandson Zhu Yunwen.
10、? Kangxi
Aisingiorro Michelle Ye (1654-1722,65438+February 20th), the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty (161-kloc-0/722 reigned), was the second emperor after the Qing dynasty made Beijing its capital. Year number Kangxi.
Mongolians call him Enkh A Mu Gulangyan or A Mu Gulangyan (Mongolian means "peace and tranquility" and Chinese translates "Kangxi"); Tibet is honored as "Manjusri the Great". The emperor shunzhi's third son was born to Tong Jiashi, the queen of Zhang Xiaokang.
Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne at the age of 8, ruled at the age of 14, and reigned for 6 1 year. He was the longest reigning emperor in China. In the early days of his administration, the situation at home and abroad was very grim. Facing the grim situation, he insisted on using troops on a large scale to realize the complete reunification of the country. When Emperor Kangxi was a teenager, he defeated Ao Bai, a powerful minister, completely regained the power of the imperial court, and began the stage of truly leading the state affairs.
As an adult, Emperor Kangxi took a seat in Beijing and won the wars against San Francisco and Russia. Destroy the Ming and Zheng regimes in Taiwan Province Province; Gordan's three signs, and won; Establish "Duolun Meng Hui" to replace the war and contact Mongolian ministries; It is intended to guarantee the territorial control of Heilongjiang by the Qing government through treaties.
Strengthen centralization in politics; Pay attention to rest, develop the economy and win over the Han scholars. However, Emperor Kangxi flaunted benevolent government and was diligent and corrupt in his later years. In addition, due to the incident of abolishing the prince, many princes competed for the throne, which had a bad influence on the politics of Emperor Kangxi in his later years.
As the defender of a unified multi-ethnic country, Emperor Kangxi laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty and created a prosperous situation for Kanggan. Some scholars revere him as "an emperor through the ages". In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), he died in Changchun Garden on November 13th of the lunar calendar at the age of 68. Posthumous title, the sage of the Temple, was buried in Jingling, the emperor of diligence and loyalty. The fourth son, Yin Zhen.