The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of calligraphy. When it comes to regular script, words must be called Yu, Ou, Chu and Yan. Yan Zhenqing is one of the great calligraphers with the most innovative spirit. Yan Zhenqing (709-785), the word Zi Qing.
I was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). He comes from a noble family and is the fifth grandson of Yan Shigu, a famous scholar. Yan Zhenqing is honest and clean, and is famous for his loyalty and loyalty in officialdom. He is a four-dynasty yuan.
Lao Ni's official career was ups and downs, and he was able to shrug off it. Later, he was ordered to appeal to Li Xilie, and our time was in Huaixi. He was once rebelled and killed by Li.
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy originated from his own school, but its transformation was initiated by Wu Xu. Because he can choose one hundred schools at the same time, he can choose freely, leaving a lot of books and posts to show his skills. history
Fan Wenlan, a scholar, once said that "Yan Zhenqing in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty was the creator of the new book style in the Tang Dynasty" when he mentioned the Tang book in his works. Yan kaishu embodies a prosperous style and is magnificent;
And his cursive script made Mi Fei in the Song Dynasty like the Four Books, because those book posts were often written in a state of extreme grief and indignation, and readers can appreciate the flavor from this article. Emotion and dissolution
In art, talent breeds the soul, and most excellent arts in history have not violated this criterion.
Yan Zhenqing, a genius in the book world. For thousands of years, only Yan can be compared with Wang Xizhi, the sage of books, and stride forward in the world of books. Of course, Yan Zhenqing was the crown of the Tang Dynasty, but so was the Song Dynasty.
Take Yan Shu as the slogan. Since then, Yan Zhenqing's book soul has formed a huge force and accumulated into an important part of China's book soul. The New Tang Book Yan Zhenqing Biography praised that
Although he is 1500 years old, his heroic words are as awesome as severe frost and scorching sun. "The life of the sun and moon hero is an inexhaustible source of watering his wonderful calligraphy.
A calligrapher's heroic life
In 709 AD, Tang Zhongzong was in the third year of Jinglong Sanyou, and Yan Zhenqing was born in the tenth year of Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi) to the Yanshi family, the fifth grandson of Yan Shigu.
Yan Zhenqing, be worthy of the name, is a well-known official, and parents' hopes can be seen here. And Yan Zhenqing's life. It seems that it is along this established track to seek truth. I have been Xuanzong in my life.
The ministers of Su Zong, Dai Zong and De Zong even gave their lives for the Tang Dynasty. Yan Zhenqing's inscription is often written by Lang Lang Yan Zhenqing, because his ancestral home is Lang Lang Linyi. that
Father Yan Weizhen, in the first year of Wu Zetian's natural gift (690), awarded Gaodi to Quzhou to join the army. An He, a senior, is famous for his cursive script and official career. Almost as unfortunate as his father, three-year-old Yan Zhenqing.
I also tasted the bitterness of loneliness and was taught by my mother Yin. This kind of fate may be the cornerstone of talent in the imperial city. Yan Zhen, who is tempered by long-term diligence and hard work.
Qing, is "less good Confucianism, filial piety and self-reliance. Poor paper and pen, sweeping the yellow earth wall, learning calligraphy, attacking the script, and the words are superb. " ("Yan Ji")
In the 22nd year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (734), 26-year-old Yan Zhenqing was promoted to Jinshi, and he also took the exam (an exam subject temporarily set by talented people to escape), which went smoothly.
Set foot on a factory career. He served as secretary of provincial affairs bureau, proofreader, and Wei Chaosaburo of Liquan County. In the second year of Tianbao (743), he went to Luoyang to see Zhang Xu.
In the ninth year of Tianbao, Yan Zhenqing was transferred from supervising the censor to the censorate hall, where he served as an official in the Chayuan, one of the lower three hospitals of the censorate platform. In the meantime, when it comes to personal grievances, Luo Zhi's expenses are suggested.
When Cheng Songhun (the son of Prime Minister Song Jing) was framed in the Imperial History, Yan Zhenqing dared to hit himself in the face: "Why do you want to temporarily endanger Song Jing?" Prime Minister Yang and his henchmen regard him as an alien.
Finally, in the twelfth year of Tianbao, he was transferred from Beijing and reduced to the plain satrap. The world named "Yan Plain" came from this.
Yan Zhenqing is sensitive and knows a few things about politics. When the Anshi Rebellion first appeared, Zhenqing built a high city, dug a deep ditch, collected Ding Zhuang, and stored food and grass to prevent accidents.
Fan. But he goes boating and drinking with his guests every day, pretending not to ask about current events, so as to explain An Lushan's suspicion. Pingyuan County belongs to the jurisdiction of An Lushan, and An Lushan has been spying, but in the end,
Because Zhenqing is a scholar, I no longer doubt it. The cartoon ended in the fourteenth year of Tianbao, when An Lushan rebelled, saying, "The river and the moon are all trapped, and the plain city is unique, so soldiers join the army and Li Pingchi plays." straight
When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty lamented, "Is there no loyal minister in the twenty-four counties of Hebei?" Li Ping's galloping undoubtedly gave Xuanzong a shot of stimulant. He looked around and the cow felt a little approval.
He said, "I don't know who Zhenqing is, but here's what I did!" "
In the struggle against Anshi Rebellion, Yan Zhenqing was very fierce. He quickly expanded from the original 3,000 soldiers to 10,000, and selected commanders and excellent generals, and some satrap and long history were also returned to the public.
At that time, my cousin Yan Gaoqing was the magistrate of Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei Province), participated in the uprising and fought for the rebels behind An Lushan. Seventeen counties in Hebei are owned by the imperial court, and only john young and Lulong are owned by An Lushan.
Wait for six counties. Yan Zhenqing was promoted to commander-in-chief of the allied forces, and with an army of 200,000 soldiers, he completely defeated Zhao Yan, which was a great shock. Tianbao fifteen years, Hebei, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, recruited interviewers, and assisted me to make Li Guang in Hedong.
General Bi is a traitor. In the meantime, Yan Zhenqing once commanded divisions such as Pingyuan, Qinghe (the county seat is in the southeast of Nangong City, Hebei Province) and Boping (the address is in the west of Shandong Province) to beg for thieves and cut off ten thousand enemies.
Capturing more than a thousand people alive, the prestige is beneficial to the earthquake.
In 756 AD, Jpua Li of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne in Lingwu (now southwest of Lingwu, Ningxia), becoming the sixth Su Zong. Yan Zhenqing, minister of the Ministry of Industry, was appointed as an ancient consultant, and has surrendered for Hebei. Anlu
Khan took advantage of Su Zong's transfer of troops out of Hebei, sent his officers to Siming, attacked Hebei and surrounded Pingtan. In October, Yan Zhenqing was forced to abandon the county and cross the Yellow River. After all kinds of dangers, he finally succeeded.
In the second year of Zhide (757), he went to Fengxiang to claim the title of emperor, was appointed as the minister of the Constitution Department (the Ministry of Punishment), and moved to the imperial history.
At that time, the Tang Dynasty was chaotic, and many things were out of time. However, Yan Zhenqing was "brought to justice as usual", and anyone who did not conform to the system was bluntly remonstrated, thus avoiding it as a secretariat. Once in Korea
He was an assistant minister of punishments and was later demoted to a long history.
In the first year of Daizong Baoying (762), 54-year-old Yan Zhenqing was recalled from Sichuan to worship the assistant minister of the capital, changed to the assistant minister of the official department the following year, and then changed to the right minister. Guangde two years
(764) Yan Yiqing was named Duke Lu, hence the name. However, due to Yuan Zai's resentment, Yongtai was expelled from Beijing in 766. After Yuan Zai was found guilty, he was punished.
, Yan Zhenqing to the official department ministers.
Yan Zhenqing is upright, honest and helpful. As early as when Yushi was sent to Hexi and Gansu, Wuyuan (now near Hedong in Mongolia) had unjust imprisonment, which remained unresolved for a long time and was dry and rainy.
. It happened to rain when Yan Zhenqing was settling his grievances. The people felt their goodwill and called this timely rain "rain protection". When he was a local official in Pengzhou and Fuzhou, he was also due to
Disaster relief, patient care and irrigation are all praised by the people. In the first year of Jianzhong (780), Lu Gong was seventy-one. Because of his integrity, the veteran of the four dynasties is still not the prime minister.
Yan Yang, Qilu.
The most heroic scene of Yan Zhenqing's life was his struggle with Li Xilie in his later years. Li Xilie conspired against our wishes in the west of Huai River, and captured Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan Province) in the fourth year of Jianzhong. Lucci
Because I want to report personal grievances, I suggest that I send Yan Zhenqing to preach and teach, and tell you what the Quartet believes. If I preach it, I won't have to work hard. " Yan Zhenqing to Xuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan)
After Li Xilie's announcement, before the imperial edict was completed, the rebels asked the generals to scold Duke Lu and ordered more than a thousand people, whose names were adopted sons and Qin Bing, to pull out their blades and threaten them. Yan Zhenqing noodles don't change color, however, Li Xilie had to wave to all, will.
Duke Lu was taken hostage. Li Xilie used various means to threaten inducements, and even dug a hole in Yan Zhenqing's residence court, threatening to bury him alive in an attempt to force him to submit.
Yan Zhenqing unyielding, sternly reprimanded. He sneered at Li Xilie and said, "Why bother? Just lend me a sword and you will see joy! " Li Xilie sent someone to the court for confession.
: "If you don't bend, burn to death!" Yan Zhenqing, without fear, got up and jumped into the fire, but was stopped by the people in Li Xilie. Li Xilie was helpless, in August of the first year of Zhenyuan (785).
Eunuch killed Yan Zhenqing in longxing temple, Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan).
Yan Zhenqing spent half his life on the battlefield and in the complicated struggles of the imperial court. He devoted all his loyalty to the Tang Dynasty and really became a loyal and incorruptible minister.
. The other half of the time is spent studying. He studied art and literature and loved calligraphy, which is a quiet world for him. He made unremitting efforts and reached the peak of a generation of calligraphers.
Yan ti Jing Jie
In the history of calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing created a unique realm of calligraphy with "Yan Ti". Yan calligraphy is characterized by excellent spirituality and natural magnificent realm; With its powerful soul
Casting it, the realm is natural and vigorous; Because of its large number of people, the realm is naturally broad. In his youth, Yan Zhenqing asked Zhang Xu "How to live in harmony with the ancients".
This is the ambition of Yan calligraphy, and it is also the lofty ambition of Yan. This strict Miao descendant who used a loess broom to sweep walls and learn calligraphy since childhood stood at a towering starting point of calligraphy almost from the beginning.
Let's go In calligraphy, Kun Peng spread his wings, and it took almost thirty or forty years of experience to become his own face and climate. Followed by decades of hard work and enrichment.
, so that "Yan Ti" has both form and spirit. However, in his later years, he still pursued perfection. "Yan Ti" finally stands tall in the book world.
Yan Zhenqing's life experience of calligraphy realm.
The first realm: building a solid foundation, seeking a basket to flatter the book style.
Before the age of 50, it can be said that it is the first level of experience. In this process, I initially established my own "face". In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), Zhang Xu was in Fu Pei.
Yan Zhenqing has borders, so before that, Yan Zhenqing was still in the stage of exploration. The works handed down from generation to generation at this stage are rare. As written in the first year of Tianbao.
Tianbao wrote the word "Longxi" in Nie Ya's calligraphy for five years. At this time, Jing Zhenqing had achieved considerable accomplishments in calligraphy, and was asked by Zhang Xukao about the Letter of Intent for Yan Twelve. Yan Zhenqing is still from
What Zhang Xu learned, or what he learned from his own study, made Zhang think deeply. He is ambitious, aiming at "keeping up with the ancients". Zhang Xu is therefore willing to give brushwork again.
After accepting Zhang Xu's brushwork, Yan Zhenqing said with delight, "From then on, attacking books is wonderful. Five years later (or seven years later), I really know that this can be done. " Therefore, from Tianbao five years to
The next five years (or seven years) can be said to be a period of Yan Zhenqing's efforts and further sharpening according to the policy. Sure enough, eleven years after Tianbao, there were many calligraphy tablets in Yan Zhenqing, which enjoyed a certain popularity in the society.
Vows: In the eleventh year of Tianbao, there are Guo Monument, Guo Yan Monument, Twin Towers Monument and Confucius Temple Monument. In the 13th year of Tianbao, there was another masterpiece, A Portrait of Dong Fangshuo.
, "Dong Fangshuo Portrait Praises the Monument and Yin Ji", etc. In the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled. Yan Zhenqing was so absorbed in the struggle with the rebel side that he had no time to take care of the art of writing. This may be Yan's book.
The first stage of legal experience is also the experience of the first realm. During this period, although there may be differences in the appearance of each monument, on the whole, it was the initial formation stage of "Yan Di". From "more"
From the analysis of typical works such as Pagoda, it can be seen that what Yan Zhenqing pursues is calmness and fortitude on the electric pen, with strong bones and thick flesh color; The structure is compact, dignified and stable.
From slender to square: reduce the spacing between lines on white cloth and become dense from the surface. At this stage, Yan Zhenqing's pursuit of zero "male" has the realm of "charm": "Every stippling has bones and muscles.
"stippling is pure and charming" and "its strength and danger are obvious and fascinating". Besides, he basically specializes in learning real books and cursive scripts. Although there are official scripts and seal scripts, there are not many. The first one is in Yan Zhenqing.
Realm, starting from the early Tang Dynasty, broke away from the track of the early Tang Dynasty and stood on its own feet. The experience of this realm is based on Zhang Xu's example.
The second realm: study the subtlety in the word and seek the grandeur outside the word.
From 50 to 65, it can be said that it is a second realm experience. In this process, "Yan Ti" has both form and spirit, and gradually matures. In the meantime, his works have titles such as "Golden Tianwang Temple"
"(758), Poem Table of Xiaoyaolou (758), Stories of the Sage and Fool Leaving the Pile (762), Erase (762), Yan Yunan Monument (762), Wei Zhenbei (763),
Zang Huaike Monument (763), Guo Monument (764), Yan Mijian Monument (765), Yan Qiaoqing Monument (769), Xiaoyao Building (770) and Yin Monument (770).
, Zhang Monument (770), Pricking Love Monument (770), Baoying Temple Fazang Monument (77 1), Magu Mountain Xiantan (77 1), Magu Mountain Xiantan Small print.
(77 1), Zhongxing Monument in Datang (77 1), Dazong Monument in Han Yan (77 1), Song Guangping North (772), Rebuild Han Yan Monument (772) and Eight Officials Pavilion (772).
Wait a minute. After experiencing the turmoil of "An Shi Rebellion" and being imprisoned again and again, he expanded his spiritual space again and again. Scholar-soldier-commander-in-chief, standing in court-
Li Chao, a foreigner, has frequent lifestyle changes, more life experience and deeper artistic appreciation. These, Yan Zhenqing's "One Book", repeatedly tempered the early "Yan Ti".
Refine the shape and refine the spirit, so as to have both spirit and shape, and finally mature. As you can see, he strengthened the wrist strength of the factory, moved the center, adopted the printing method, and moved the circle to the front line in Tibet, such as Yin Yinni. The strokes form a swallow-tailed silkworm head.
The straight drawing is the shape of a crossbow. The contrast between strokes is complicated. Pinch the end of the hook, kick out the sharp edge and show off its spirit. His brushwork shows twists and turns.
Rhythm its straight hook, flat hook and oblique hook are full of potential, with uniform curvature and strong sense of roundness. Its folding pen is secretly rotated by lifting the pen, forming an inclined plane to fold down, and it is painted by "folding the pin". In terms of structure,
The square is dignified and steady, the middle palace is wide and dense, and it does not occupy the side of the center of gravity or the advantages of the left and right, but shows people with a symmetrical positive image. On the white cloth
, word after word, dense lines, take momentum in dense form, not elegance in sparse form. At this point, Yan Zhenqing swept away the regular script style since the early Tang Dynasty: the former is square and the latter is positive;
The former is beautiful and the latter is strong; The former is elegant and the latter is decent; The former is thin and the latter is fat; The former has profound statutes, while the latter has laws to follow; The former is decorated with flowers, while the latter is full of vitality. It has really changed.
New concept, male soul casts "face".
The third realm: the change of immortals and the romance of life. More than ten years after the age of 65 can be said to be the experience of the third realm. From maturity to magical change, one day.
When you enter the country in one day, every monument has its own merits. The works of this period include stele (772), Ganlu Zishu (774), Yan Gaoqing stele (774), Miaoxi Temple stele (774), Zhushantang (774), Li stele (777),
Booking posts (784), transferring to Cai posts (785) and so on. For example, typical inscriptions such as Li Yanqin Monument and Yan Jia Temple Monument, Yan Shu shows fresh vitality in the old age, spicy and sparse.
In the light, it shows the simplicity and density of Shen Feng, in the lofty sentiments of using a pen, it shows the perfection of skills, and reveals its heroic bearing in mellow and fullness.
Confucius said, "Sixty is pleasant to the ear, seventy is satisfactory, and it doesn't go beyond the limit." Yan Zhenqing also reached this level in his later years. Get a thorough understanding of life and calligraphy in reflection, and
The philosophy of life is connected with the philosophy of calligraphy, so there are both blood and tears of life and ode to life in his paintings, which are full of movements of pen and ink; Fluctuations of existing lines
Inject a cavity of pride, but also in the dense white laser blooming personality luster! At this point, his book is like a forest with withered old flowers, but it has thick flowers and buds. A book is full of life, a thousand schools of thought contend and are full of vitality.
.
Yan Zhenqing has opened up a brand-new realm of calligraphy: in terms of characteristics, Yan has a brand-new figure, strict statutes and great momentum. Aesthetically,
Elegant beauty, masculine beauty, artificial beauty, and several kinds of beauty at the same time set the rules for future generations. From the perspective of the times, the early Tang dynasty inherited the remnants of Jin and Song dynasties and failed to stand on its own feet. As soon as Yan Ti came out, the new shape of Tang Doutan became.
One of the unique meteorological records in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Times have created the realm of Yan Shu, just as times have created the realm of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. In the era of long-term social unrest in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, cultural history has become
The era of burning. The art of calligraphy in this era has become an art and skill in the hands of Dr. Ten. They deeply discovered the external beauty of nature,
And deeply discovered the inner beauty of the spirit. Wang Xizhi is the "book saint" created by this era. However, the Tang Dynasty entered the most glorious era in the ancient history of China. The imperial politics of the Tang Dynasty,
The economy and military have surpassed the past and reached the peak, and culture and art are like a hundred flowers; People face the great progress of society with new eyes and values. Emperor Taizong was good at Wang Youjun's calligraphy.
, personally praised the biography of the Book of Jin, and spent a lot of money to buy it, determined to copy it, and extended the preface to Lanting to the nobles, so the literati lived in the right army. Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue
In the early Tang Dynasty, although everyone made their own achievements, they failed to really create a new style of calligraphy for the Tang Dynasty.
Yan Zhenqing is a pioneer in creating a new style. He was a minister of the Tang Dynasty and a descendant of the calligrapher's family, and he was very concerned about the evolution of calligraphy. Han Yu once ridiculed "
The one-sided point of those who tend to be attractive in appearance is that they fail to correctly evaluate Wang Shu, but their original intention is to establish a new value and aesthetic view from their own times. So, Du Shi and Han.
Writing and calligraphy are self-reliant in the new era. Arrest strictly, accept the ancient law in the new concept, and create a new law outside the ancient meaning. Vientiane, Tao Zhu, is surrounded by many leaders and Shaoling.
Poetry and Changli's essays are people who can rise and fall for eight generations, so the outstanding book is the book of the Tang Dynasty "("Lin Shuzao Jian "). Yan Shu's respect for bone, fat method, dignity and generosity,
Bold, imposing, bold and heroic, we can find the refraction projection of the times from the society of the Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing created the voice of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in calligraphy, which is the magnificent realm of Yan Shu.
In 709 AD, Tang Zhongzong was in the third year of Jinglong Sanyou, and Yan Zhenqing was born in the tenth year of Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi) to the Yanshi family, the fifth grandson of Yan Shigu.
Yan Zhenqing, be worthy of the name, is a well-known official, and parents' hopes can be seen here. And Yan Zhenqing's life. It seems that it is along this established track to seek truth. I have been Xuanzong in my life.
The ministers of Su Zong, Dai Zong and De Zong even gave their lives for the Tang Dynasty. Yan Zhenqing's inscription is often written by Lang Lang Yan Zhenqing, because his ancestral home is Lang Lang Linyi. that
Father Yan Weizhen, in the first year of Wu Zetian's natural gift (690), awarded Gaodi to Quzhou to join the army. An He, a senior, is famous for his cursive script and official career. Almost as unfortunate as his father, three-year-old Yan Zhenqing.
I also tasted the bitterness of loneliness and was taught by my mother Yin. This kind of fate may be the cornerstone of talent in the imperial city. Yan Zhen, who is tempered by long-term diligence and hard work.
Qing, is "less good Confucianism, filial piety and self-reliance. Poor paper and pen, sweeping the yellow earth wall, learning calligraphy, attacking the script, and the words are superb. " ("Yan Ji")
In the 22nd year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (734), 26-year-old Yan Zhenqing was promoted to Jinshi, and he also took the exam (an exam subject temporarily set by talented people to escape), which went smoothly.
Set foot on a factory career. He served as secretary of provincial affairs bureau, proofreader, and Wei Chaosaburo of Liquan County. In the second year of Tianbao (743), he went to Luoyang to see Zhang Xu.
In the ninth year of Tianbao, Yan Zhenqing was transferred from supervising the censor to the censorate hall, where he served as an official in the Chayuan, one of the lower three hospitals of the censorate platform. In the meantime, when it comes to personal grievances, Luo Zhi's expenses are suggested.
When Cheng Songhun (the son of Prime Minister Song Jing) was framed in the Imperial History, Yan Zhenqing dared to hit himself in the face: "Why do you want to temporarily endanger Song Jing?" Prime Minister Yang and his henchmen regard him as an alien.
Finally, in the twelfth year of Tianbao, he was transferred from Beijing and reduced to the plain satrap. The world named "Yan Plain" came from this.
Yan Zhenqing is sensitive and knows a few things about politics. When the Anshi Rebellion first appeared, Zhenqing built a high city, dug a deep ditch, collected Ding Zhuang, and stored food and grass to prevent accidents.
Fan. But he goes boating and drinking with his guests every day, pretending not to ask about current events, so as to explain An Lushan's suspicion. Pingyuan County belongs to the jurisdiction of An Lushan, and An Lushan has been spying, but in the end,
Because Zhenqing is a scholar, I no longer doubt it. The cartoon ended in the fourteenth year of Tianbao, when An Lushan rebelled, saying, "The river and the moon are all trapped, and the plain city is unique, so soldiers join the army and Li Pingchi plays." straight
When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty lamented, "Is there no loyal minister in the twenty-four counties of Hebei?" Li Ping's galloping undoubtedly gave Xuanzong a shot of stimulant. He looked around and the cow felt a little approval.
He said, "I don't know who Zhenqing is, but here's what I did!" "
In the struggle against Anshi Rebellion, Yan Zhenqing was very fierce. He quickly expanded from the original 3,000 soldiers to 10,000, and selected commanders and excellent generals, and some satrap and long history were also returned to the public.