The narrow sense of "Da Zhuan" refers to the remains of stone carvings, which are named after the books in Taishi History. Shi Guwen, named after being carved on the stone drum, is the earliest stone inscription and the ancestor of stone carving.
Chinese Name: Founder of Da Zhuan: Taishi Chuan Media: Jinwen Historical Masterpieces: Shi Pan, Mao, Mi Zi Bai Pan, etc. , origin, classification, the difference between bronze inscriptions and Da Zhuan, Da Zhuan, Da Zhuan's works, and the development and evolution of Chinese characters to Da Zhuan in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The development of seal script has produced two characteristics: first, the lines with uneven thickness in the early days became uniform and soft, and the lines they drew with utensils were very concise and vivid; Second, standardization, the glyph structure tends to be neat, and gradually deviates from the original shape of the picture, laying the foundation for the square characters. The big seal is for the later small seal. In a broad sense, big seal characters include Qin characters and Six Kingdoms characters. The big seal here refers to the Qin characters that inherited the big seal of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The big seal script "Shi Guwen" is also called Zhuan script. It was named after it was recorded in Shi Shuo pian. "History of Han, Art and Literature": "There are fifteen historical books, and the history books are printed." There are 225 Shuo Wen, which was collected by Xu Shen on the basis of nine Shi Shuo, and it is the main material for us to study Da Chuan today. The original seal script is generally considered as "Shi Guwen". Ten drum-shaped stone piers were originally unearthed in the south area of Chencang (now Baoji, Shaanxi Province) in Tianxing County in the early Tang Dynasty. They were about three feet in diameter, small at the top and large at the bottom, and flat at the top, shaped like steamed bread. It is engraved with ten four-character poems written by Qin Xiangong in the eleventh year, which is the earliest stone inscription in China. Lost and found, lost again. More than 700 words were originally engraved, and more than 300 words are now in existence. These ten stone cities exist in the Forbidden City. Because the content recorded the hunting, it was named "Hunting or Carving Stones Forever". Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, thought this stone was shaped like a drum, so he renamed it "Shi Guwen". Now he is the representative of Da Zhuan. Shi Guwen has a vigorous and dignified style. The font structure is neat, the strokes are even and round, horizontal and vertical, and the shape tends to be square. Da Zhuan largely retains the writing style of the late Western Zhou Dynasty, but slightly changes, making the strokes more neat and symmetrical. The strokes are round. The lines are more uniform than the bronze inscriptions, and the lines have reached a complete level, with no obvious unevenness in thickness. The body structure is more neat than the bronze inscriptions, and it began to get rid of the shackles of hieroglyphics, laying the foundation for square Chinese characters. There are few variants on the same object. The font is complex, the radicals often overlap, and writing is inconvenient. As early as more than 6000 years ago, symbols carved on pottery and pictures depicting objects had the embryonic form of words, and then in the long development, pictographic (picture) words were produced. Three thousand years ago in Shang Dynasty, the word "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" carved on tortoise shell bone was thin and straight, and the strokes were insignificant. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, inscriptions cast on bronze wares such as bells, ding, money and weapons were called "inscriptions on bronze" or "Zhong Dingwen", and calligraphy became more and more neat, round in style and rich in glyphs. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the characters carved on stone drums were called Shi Guwen. The strokes are vigorous and dignified, slightly square in structure and beautiful in style. The above Oracle bones, inscriptions on bronze inscriptions and Shi Guwen were called "Da Zhuan" in Qin Dynasty. Shi Guwen is classified as an inscription, and the rubbings of Shisongding on the inscription were widely used in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Bronze inscriptions are words engraved on all ancient bronzes. During the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, the fonts of various vassal States were somewhat different. The words engraved on unearthed bronzes are not universal and have changed in different years. The rubbings of bronze inscription "Songshiding" are the characters used by the ancient Qin State, the predecessor of Xiao Zhuan. Because there are 223 words in Shi Shuo Pian written by Qin people in the Spring and Autumn Period, it is called "Wen Shu". It is said that "book" means "reading". According to textual research, Shi Guwen unearthed in the Tang Dynasty was carved by Qin Xianggong, which is the same as the text in Shi Shuo pian, and is the representative of Shuo Wen. Wen Shu is a written language used in the late Zhou Dynasty. In order to show national prestige, Zhong Dingwen's original text was simplified to Wen Shu. For details, see "Poems and Books". It is also the predecessor of Xiao Zhuan. Because Shi Shuo pian has 223 words, it was written by Shi Shu at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, so it is called Wen Shu. It is said that "book" means "reading". According to research, the "Shi Guwen" unearthed in the Tang Dynasty was carved by Zhou Xuanwang when he was hunting. Presumably, it is similar to the Chinese characters in Ten Shuan Pians, and it is the closest known representative of Shuan Wen. Big seal is different from big seal, also known as seal script, seal script, seal script and history book. Taishi Shuan wrote fifteen pieces of "Da Zhuan" when he was in Zhou Xuanwang. Because it was written by Shuan, it was called "Shuan Wen". Wen Shu is based on ancient prose, and it is sorted out on the basis of ancient prose, so there are similarities and differences between it and ancient prose. This article can be found in Shuo Wen Jie Zi and various Zhong Ding Yi wares collected by later generations. Among them, Shi Guwen in Zhou Xuanwang is the most famous. Xiao Zhuan, also known as Qin Zhuan, was created by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang destroyed six countries and unified China. Its vast territory, numerous state affairs and increasingly numerous documents make it difficult to apply the original text. In addition, the original seven countries of Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han have different books and different writing methods, and they are in urgent need of unification. Innovating the style of writing is the order of ministers. As a result, Prime Minister Reese wrote Cang Xie, CZ ordered Zhao Gao to write a calendar, and a surname ordered Hu Wujing to write a book of knowledge, all of which were simplified. Xiao Zhuan, also known as Yujin Zhuan, is named for its writing significance. Compared with Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan's style is simplified, but the number of words is increasing, which is the requirement of the times. The transformation from ancient Chinese characters to Da Zhuan and Da Zhuan to Xiao Zhuan is of epoch-making significance and occupies an important position in the history of China characters. (The picture on the right shows the big seal couplets. Interpretation: Knowing differences and seeking common ground is good. The couplets of Qin Bamboo Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land and Qin Bamboo Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land by Da Zhuan are very unique in their beauty of calligraphy. They are warm, luxurious and ethereal, and their pens are clean and neat, and they are reminiscent of Hongyi's transcendental calligraphy. The Qin bamboo slips of Shuihudi 1 12 The tombs of Shuihudi from Warring States to Qin Dynasty in Yunmeng City, Hubei Province were unearthed in February 1975. There are 1 155 bamboo slips (and 80 fragments) buried in the tomb. The contents are mainly laws, administrative documents and daily words. This bamboo slip has been buried deep underground for thousands of years, and the contents have not been passed down from generation to generation. To a great extent, it retains its original appearance and has a strong authenticity, which many people in later generations have never seen. A lexical study of these bamboo slips can provide useful materials for Chinese studies. Qin Bamboo Slips of Sleeping Tiger Land Although the Qin Dynasty unified the national orthographic characters with Xiao Zhuan, it did not eliminate the variant characters, and the folk characters were also colorful. In the evolution of China characters, Qin Xiaozhuan inherited Dazhuan. Since Han Li, popular folk characters belong to natural evolution. The calligraphy of Sleeping Tiger Bamboo Slips can be classified as the natural evolution of Qin Li or Qin Zhuan. As can be seen from the glyph, there are quite a few glyphs in this simplified Chinese character, which are similar to the writing of Xiao Zhuan after reducing the convolution number; There is a slight sense of official script in the brushwork, and the horizontal painting of the characters in this simplified book has begun to show a kind of brushwork with a silkworm head and a swallow tail. The National Library has a complete collection of Mao Dinggong, which was written by its owner during the Tongzhi period of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. It is a precious full-form extension work with natural and realistic modeling and strong three-dimensional sense. Chen Huaisheng kept it in the old library with Luo Zhenyu's big seal on it. "Mao" Mao Dayin was unearthed in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province at the end of Daoguang. The ear height of the whole machine is 53.8 cm and the caliber is 47.9 cm. Mouth rings are heavy. The inscription on the inner wall is 32 lines and 497 words, which is the longest bronze ware known at present. The inscription above records that in the early days of Zhou Xuanwang's reign, if he wanted to revitalize state affairs, he ordered Mao Gong to handle state affairs, and ordered Mao Gong and his family to serve as guards to defend the life of the Wangs and give them food, wine, clothes and weapons. Words and expressions are similar to Shangshu, and they are important historical materials reflecting the history of the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Since its discovery, it has been a heavy weapon of the country and has attracted the attention of all forces. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), Su, an antique dealer in Xi 'an, bought this device one year and brought it to Beijing. At that time, Chen Jieqi happened to be working in Beijing, bought it with a lot of money and quietly shipped it back to wei county, Shandong. Because of his fear of treasure, he has been hiding his whereabouts and keeping secrets from others. In the period, Mao was hidden in the Chen family and gradually became known. Finally, the party bought it off with power. Since then, every number has changed hands. At the same time, American Simpson wanted to buy this country for $50,000, but China stopped him. In the Republic of China 14 (1925), Ye Gongchuo, then the communications chief of Beiyang * * *, bought this device secretly. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the treasure tossed and turned in troubled times and fell into the hands of the Japanese aggressors. It once went south to Hong Kong and finally returned to Shanghai. It was purchased by Chen Yongren, a giant businessman in Shanghai, donated to the people on 1946 and kept by the Central Museum. 1948, the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan Province Province, and Mao He moved to Taipei, where he is now in the National Palace Museum. The big seal "Shi San Pan" Shi San Pan "Shi San Pan" was the bronze inscription of Li Wang in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was unearthed in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province in the early years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. Rubbings 13 lines ***375 words. Among the numerous bronze inscriptions, "Shi San Pan" is a very prominent representative.