Classical Chinese meaning

◎ 上shàng〈名〉 (1) (referring to something.

Small seal character shape. The "一" below indicates the boundary of the position , a dash on the line means above.

Original meaning: high; above) (2) Same as the original meaning [high], high. ——"Shuowen" On the Wanqiu.

——"Poetry·Chen Feng·Wanqiu" applied to the pine. ——"Poetry·Xiaoya·Jiebi" There is cough and upper respiratory tract disease in winter.

——"Zhou Rites·Disease Medicine" The clouds rise above the heavenly stems. ——"Yi·Need" Eat the earth and drink the yellow spring below.

——"Xunzi Encouraging Learning" listed his name on the embankment. ——Ming Dynasty Zhang Pu's "Tombstones of Five Persons" (3) Another example: Shang Rong (flying eaves.

The corners at both ends of the eaves); Shang Tao (the beam at the upper end of the door frame); upper leakage and lower dampness (describing a dilapidated house that is not protected from wind and rain); net (a rope tied above the archery target); upper Dantian (Taoists call the upper Dantian between a person's eyebrows); upper and lower shoulders (upper and lower, also refers to the left and right sides) (4) Heaven; Emperor [sky] King Wen is above. ——"Poetry·Daya·King Wen" The sky above and below is bright and green.

——Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty, "Yueyang Tower" (5) Another example: Shangshang (celestial fairyland; emperor); Shangqian Tianwu (causing the wrath of heaven); Shangxian (gods in the sky); Shangqiong (Shangtian; Emperor of Heaven); Shanghuang (Emperor of Heaven); Shangshen (gods; gods); Xanadu (referring to the Heavenly Palace) (6) Superiors; elders; the highest level of society [superiors; higher-ups; higher authority] Guan Yuan Shou When you win the people, you are happy but don't take advantage of them. The disaster does not come from outside. ——Gao Qi, Ming Dynasty, "Shu Bo Ji Zhe Shi" Why do you suppress the common people and invite those who are superior? ——Song Dynasty Su Shi's "Jiao Zhan Shou" (7) Another example: upper class (upper generation); upper steam and lower newspaper (comfort between a younger man and an elder woman is called "Zheng" or "烝"; vice versa, it is called "Bao"); upper class House (a wealthy family); Shangting (official office); Shangxian (boss; superior official); Shangshangzhi (the highest level); Shangposition (high position, prominent position; especially the throne, emperor); Shangzhong (referring to the tomb) Chief assistant, court minister); sit on the seat, sit on the seat (respected seat) (8) monarch; emperor [emperor] Shang Hu violated the law of the previous king? ——"Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Cha Jin" envoys to foreign generals.

——"Historical Records·Chen She Family" (9) Another example: Shang Yong (the specifications used by the emperor); Shang Cai (the emperor's ruling); Shang Guo (the princes of the Han Dynasty called the imperial family Shang Guo, Later, it mostly refers to the capital city); Shangyuan (a garden for emperors to hunt and play); Shanglin (generally refers to the emperor's garden) (10) The "do" in Gongchipu is called Shang [musical note do] (11) Time, time [time] If you are able to read at the age of three, you will be able to read at the age of five. ——Anonymous "Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan" of the Song Dynasty (12) Positional word, side, bank [side] Send me to the top of Qi.

——"Poetry·Yuanfeng·Sangzhong" He moved to Wubei Sea to an uninhabited place, so that he could feed herds and herds of milk could be returned. ——"Su Wu" The funeral went out on the river, and the senders in white clothes crossed the bank.

——"History of Ming Dynasty·Biography of Hai Rui" ◎ Upper shàng〈form〉 (1) Superior, high grade or good quality [first-class; first-rate; superior] Guests come from Zhao. ——"Warring States Policy·Qin Policy" In all military methods, the whole country is the first, and the destruction of the country is the second.

win the lawsuit); go to Xiang (ancient university; Taixue); go to the color apprentice (gaotu; outstanding apprentice); go to the sample (superior); go to the top (the blessing of the superior); go to the first line of the hall (color) The most skilled official courtesan); Shangcai (superior talents; superior materials); Shangqing (referring to the highest official rank of ministers) (3) Time or order comes first [previous] The people of the previous world are not dressed in clothes. Warm skin, dissatisfaction in intestines. ——"Book of Shang Jun: Land Calculation" There are more than a thousand horses in the east, and the husband is at the top.

——Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Mulang" (4) Another example: Shangzhiyinyi (the above-mentioned cause); Shangxiang (front); Shangfang (front); Shangzhou (ancient times); Shangye (previous generation; ancestor); last time (previous time, last time); Shangshou disciple (disciple who entered the house, big disciple); Shangfengtou (the side where the wind blows); Shangfan (first time; first time). Mostly refers to plants First born) (5) Faraway; distant [faraway; distant] He is called Emperor Ku at the top and Qi Huan at the bottom.

——"Historical Records·Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" (6) Another example: Shangshi (ancient times); Shanghuang (an ancient emperor) (7) Youzheng, the main meaning [main]. Such as: Shangshi (zhengye; refers to the king's affairs and state affairs); Shangguo (Kyoto; also refers to the Central Plains countries such as Qi and Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period) (8) Vast [vast; broad] means that one can go up to it.

——"Huainanzi·Shuo Shan". Note: "Big."

(9) Another example: Shanglu (main road; thoroughfare); Shangdao (thorough; main road) (10) Fengzu [rich] comes from the top to the bottom. ——"Zhou Li·Master of Ceremonies".

Note: "Yufeng kills you." It's up and down with the year.

——"Book of Rites·Ritual Utensils". Note: "It means good times and bad things."

(11) Another example: shangshou (a good harvest, a good harvest); shangsui (a good harvest); shangshuang (a good harvest) ◎ 上shàng〈verb 〉(1) Climb; rise; upward [go up; mount]. ——"Poetry·Beifeng·Yanyan" Five or six miles above the mountain, there is a graceful cave.

——Wang Anshi, Song Dynasty, "A Journey to Baochan Mountain" I went to the church to worship my mother, but she was furious. ——"New Odes of Jade Terrace·Ancient Poetry Written by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife" Snake up from the flowing stone.

——Ming Dynasty Xu Hongzu's "Travel to Huangshan" (2) Another example: Shangqi (go ashore); ascend (ascend to the sky); go up to the high platform (climb to a high position; climb up); ascend to the immortal (Taoist term) Ascend to heaven and become an immortal); go up to conquer (ascend); go up to leave (ascend, ascend to heaven); go up tide (rising tide) (3) report; report [report] Whenever someone is on death row, the person who is to be executed will wait outside the door first. ——Qing Dynasty·Fang Bao's "Prison Miscellaneous Notes" (4) Another example: Shangfu (report; inform); Shangkong (appeal); Shangfang (report to superiors for instructions); Shangbian (conspiracy to the court about rebellion) ; Shanggong (to report merit); Shangyan (to present words) (5) To offer, to send [present to one's superior] a letter to admonish the poor, and he will be rewarded.

——"Warring States Policy·Qi Ce" entered the capital, that is, "Pingli Ce" on Fucheng. ——"History of the Ming Dynasty·Biography of Hai Rui" I dare to go up to the jade.

——"Historical Records·Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" (6) Another example: Shangben (the ministers presented the memorial to the emperor); Shangbiao (the memorial); Shangzhang (a letter to the emperor) (7 ) Advocate, advocate [advocate] being honest and honest. ——"Historical Records·Biography of the Lord Pingjin Marquis' Father" Those who govern the world are just judged.

——"Han Kuang Heng Biography" is very careful.

4. What is the specific meaning or meaning of classical Chinese?

"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular".

The first "wen" is the meaning of written articles. "Words" "It means writing, expressing, recording, etc.

"Classical Chinese" means written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular". The last word "wen" means works, articles, etc., which means the type of literature.

"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language" and "vernacular Chinese" means "wen". : "Articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language"

In ancient my country, there were two differences between expressing the same thing in spoken language and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone Whether a person has eaten or not is expressed in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ", and to express it in books and language, it is "Fan? ". "Fan Fou" means classical Chinese.

In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese." Classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture. The ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese.

In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role. 1. Classical Chinese is very exciting. >

This is certainly true. The main body of Chinese traditional culture is classical Chinese.

This shows that China’s modern civilization has a very short history, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture. Because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.

This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely text, but classical Chinese is knowledge. It is also knowledge, so why not learn Oracle? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle is a more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning of traditional advanced writing (study) such as Oracle.

3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, comparisons, and deductions... fully embody the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas.

Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound influence on modern times. The understanding of Chinese is more profound, and there will be "laws" to follow for the construction of new Chinese. 4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "Vernacular"

The structure of this word is: Classical Chinese - Wen. The first "wen" means "words", and "yan" means language.

"Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It means two things: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is. A language; secondly, this language was later literalized.

"Literalized" language also has two meanings: first, there can be a culture with language but no writing, such as most cultures. Ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; secondly, the language function has withdrawn from life and become history in the form of writing. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of language that has been written down.

The latter “wen” refers to literary style. So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any “future”? In other words, does it have any practical value?

When traditional forms of life faded into modern society, it was only that people ignored the social life in some marginal areas, which caused modern applications to doubt or ignore classical Chinese. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese. It is written in calligraphy and engraved using tools.

The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between seal scripts. > In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.

In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference.

As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style. When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves.

5. The ancient Chinese meanings of all the following words in classical Chinese are the meanings in ancient Chinese dictionaries. Also (1) Modal particles at the end of sentences, 1. Indicates the mood of judgment. ① Xu Gong in the north of the city, Qi The beauty of the country is also the person ("Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice") ② Zhang Liang said: "The Duke of Pei rides on Fan Kuai" ("Hongmen Banquet") 2. The modal particles at the end of the sentence indicate the statement or explanation mood. Example: ① That is If you can't bear to beg him, you will die if you are not guilty, so you exchange it with a sheep ("The Story of Qi Huan and Jin Wen") ② The thunder is startling, and the palace chariot is passing by. ("A Fang Palace Fu") 3. Used in sentences or At the end of the sentence, it expresses affirmation and exclamation. ①Cry! Those who destroy the six kingdoms are the six kingdoms, not Qin. Those who belong to Qin are Qin, not the world. ("On the Passage of Qin") ② As for those who swear to heaven and cut off their hair, and weep down their lapels, how bad is it! ("Preface to the Biography of Lingguan") ③The ancients did not deceive anyone ("The Story of Shizhongshan") 4. Used at the end of a sentence to express a question or a rhetorical tone. ①Is the young master afraid of death? Why cry? ("Jun Xinling steals the talisman to save Zhao") ② My king and his concubine have few diseases, how can they play drums? ("Zhuang Bao Meets Mencius") ③ If Qin regains its love for the people of the Six Kingdoms, it will be possible for him to be king for three generations and for eternity. Who will succeed and his family will be destroyed? 5. Used at the end of a sentence to express an imperative tone. ① If the attack cannot be defeated and the siege cannot be continued, I will return it. ("The Battle of Wei") ② The Prime Minister should plan with the enemy to prevent his sister from having no end. ("Du Shiniang sank a treasure chest in anger") (2) Modal particles in a sentence. Used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause in tone. ① It is said, people often doubt it. ("Shi Zhongshan Ji") ② He heard the Tao It also precedes me. ("Shi Shuo") ...It means also its...It means also its...It means "what it says is...ah" ①The poem goes: "Others have intentions, let me think about them. .”——The title of the Master ("The Matter of Qi Huan and Jin Wen") Yezai modal particles are used together to strengthen the tone, and often have the meaning of exclamation or rhetoric. Example: ① Isn't it possible that for a long time, descendants will become kings one after another? (" Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Empress Dowager Zhao ") ② It's too late to spend the rest of your life to heal the plum blossoms! ("Records of the Sick Plum Pavilion") ③You are not the only actor! ("Preface to the Biography of Lingguan") Hu (1) Used as a modal particle. 1. Expressing interrogative mood. Can be translated as "Is it" or "What". ① How cold is it? Craving food? ("Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi") ② Is this the end of technology? ("The Cook and the Cow") ③Where do you want to find peace? ("Battle of Red Cliff") 2. To express a rhetorical question, which is equivalent to "what" or "what". ① Friends of common people do not bully each other, what's the situation in the country? ("Hongmen Banquet") ②My teacher is the way, do you know that he was born in my year? ("Shi Shuo") ③After Yuzhou's new defeat, is it possible to resist this difficulty? ("The Battle of Chibi") 3. It expresses the tone of measurement or discussion, which can be translated as "ba". ① If the king is very happy, he will almost equal his concubines. ("Zhuang Bao Meets Mencius") ②The reason why a saint is a saint is because Is this why fools are stupid? ③ Eating and drinking the sun is not bad (" Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Empress Dowager Zhao ") ④ If you die now, you will die, if you make great plans, you will die. If you wait for death, can the country die? ("Chen She Family") ⑤If there is no way, then what will happen? ("The Matter of Qi Huan and Jin Wen") 4. Used in exclamatory sentences or imperative sentences, which can be translated as "ah", "ah", etc. ① It is suitable for the common people to call it "I love" ("The Matter of Qi Huan and Jin Wen") ②Repentance and Taoism If I don't notice, I will be waiting for my general to rebel ("Li Sao") ③ Looking to the west of Xiakou and to the east of Wuchang, the mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green ("Ode to Red Cliff") ④ The long hairpin is back!出无车 ("Feng Xianke Mengchangjun") 5. Used at the pause in the sentence. ① So Hu Shu. (2) Used as a preposition, equivalent to "yu", there are different translations in the text. ① The meaning of drunken old man is not there Wine is among the mountains and rivers. ("The Story of Yueyang Tower") (Ever: in) ②Although I die here now, the death of my neighbors will be far behind. ("Snake Catcher") (Ever: in) ③ He was born before me, and he heard the Tao before me? ("Shi Shuo") (The former "Hu": in; the latter "Hu": Bi.) ④ I have doubts about it. (Hu: Right.) ⑤ A gentleman is knowledgeable and reflects on himself every day. ("The Analects of Confucius" 》) (Hu: Right.) ⑥ It’s no wonder that it’s selfish. (Hu: Right) ⑦ It’s all about skill. (“The Cook’s Answer to the Cow”) (Hu: Bi) ⑧ I’ll grow up in one day. (er: Bi.) (3) It can be used as the suffix of the word, translated as "the appearance of..." and "...the place". ① To enter the space without thickness, there must be room for ease in it ("Pao Ding Jie Niu") 》)

② As vast as Feng Xu riding the wind, not knowing where it stops; as fluttering as if left alone in the world, emerging and ascending to immortality ("Chibi Fu") 1. Used as an auxiliary. Often placed before a verb, combined with the verb, It forms the structure of the word "suo". The structure of the word "suo" is a noun phrase, which means "the person of...", "the thing of...", "the situation of...", etc. For example: Therefore, although I am stupid, I heard something about the death. ("Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang") "Suo" is combined with a verb, followed by a noun structure, and the word "suo" structure plays the role of an attributive. For example: At night, soldiers surrounded the house. ( "After the Preface to "Guide Record") The butcher Zhu Hai whom I passed was a sage. No one in the world would know about this sage, so he butchered Jian'er in hiding. ("Xinling Jun stole the talisman to save Zhao") 2. In some sentences , "wei" and "suo" echo, forming the format of "wei...suo...", expressing passivity. For example: Jiajiazhuang was forced to die because of the tomb of the patrol. ("Guide Record" Afterword) Ying I heard that Ji's father was killed. ("Jun Xinling steals the talisman to save Zhao") 3. The compound word "so" is used in two main ways: one expresses the reason. For example: A close virtuous minister, a distant villain, this is the first The reason why the Han Dynasty prospered was to be close to villains and distant virtuous ministers. From then on, the Han Dynasty declined. ("Chu Shi Biao") The reason why I do this is to put national urgent matters first and then private hatred. ("Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") One kind Indicates means and ends. A teacher is the person who preaches, accepts karma and resolves doubts. ("Teacher's Theory") 1. Reason, reason. "Wenzi?" "Nature": "There is a founder in the world who doesn't know the reason, only the sage can know the reason." "Historical Records?" Tai Shigong's Preface: "In the Spring and Autumn Annals, thirty-six kings were killed, fifty-two countries were destroyed, and countless princes ran around and could not protect their country. Looking at the reasons, they all lost their original character." "Li Hua" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty "One of the poems: "When asked, he refused to tell me, so I walked around a hundred silk curtains until the sun set." Volume 1 of Jin Dongjie Yuan's "The Palace Dialogues of the West Chamber": "The matchmaker said: 'I don't know anything about it, sir.' Sheng said: 'I would like to hear it. So.'" Chapter 1 of "The Scholars": "Asked why, all the prefectures and counties along the Yellow River were cut off by the river, and their fields and houses were all destroyed." 2. Can be used with adjectives or verbs. Forming a noun phrase, it still expresses reasons and reasons. "Zhuangzi?" "Tianyun": "He knows the beauty of the body, but does not know the reason why it is beautiful." "Historical Records?" "Wei Kangshu's Family": "We must seek out the wise men, gentlemen and elders of Yin, ask why they prospered and why they fell, and do their best to love the people." 3. To use, to use. 6. The meaning of the classical Chinese text

Guan Ning cut the mat

The full text should be: Guan Ning and Hua Xin were hoeing vegetables in the garden, and there was a piece of gold on the ground. Guan wielded the hoe and tiles The stone is the same, Hua catches it and throws it away. We were also reading at the same table, and someone passed by with a crown on his head. He would rather read as usual and waste the books to read. He would rather cut up the table and sit separately, saying: "You are not my friend!" - "Shishuo Xinyu"

Translation: Guan Ning and Hua Xin were digging and hoeing vegetables in the garden together. Suddenly, the two saw a piece of gold on the ground. Guan Ning wields his hoe and treats gold and rubble no differently. Hua Xin picked up the gold, looked at it, and then threw it away.

Another time, Guan Ning and Hua Xin were sitting on a mat reading. Someone in a royal carriage and wearing a royal robe passed by. Guan Ning continued to study, while Hua Xin threw down the book and ran out to watch. Guan Ning cut the mat and sat separately from Hua Xin, saying, "You are not my friend." 7. What does "so" mean in classical Chinese

1. Reason, reason. "Wenzi·Natural": "There is a founder in the world who does not know the reason, only the sage can know the reason." "Historical Records Taishi Gong's Preface": "In the Spring and Autumn Annals, thirty-six kings were killed, fifty-two countries were destroyed, and the princes There are countless people who can't protect their country. Looking at the reason, they all lose their original nature. "One of the poems in "Li Hua" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "Ask the reason why you can't tell the truth." Jin Dong Jie Yuan. Volume 1 of "The Chronicles of the West Chamber: Zhugongdiao": "The matchmaker said: 'I don't know it, sir.' Sheng said: 'I would like to hear the reason.'" Chapter 1 of "The Scholars": "Ask the reason, it's all from the banks of the Yellow River The prefectures and counties were destroyed by the river, and the fields and houses were all destroyed. ”

2. It can be used to form a noun phrase with an adjective or a verb to still express reasons and reasons. "Zhuangzi Tianyun": "He knows that the body is beautiful, but he does not know the reason why it is beautiful.

"Historical Records Wei Kangshu's Family": "We must seek out the wise men, gentlemen and elders of Yin. Ask them why they prospered and died, and they must love the people." "

3. To use, to use. "Zhuangzi·Heaven and Earth": "These three are not to cultivate virtue. "Historical Records·Biography of Lord Mengchang": "If you are in a hurry, you will never be able to repay. At the top, you are interested in the benefits of the king and do not care about the people. At the bottom, you have the reputation of being independent from the superiors and resisting the burden. This is not the reason why you are so important to the people and the king's reputation." "Su Xun of the Song Dynasty" "Several Strategies·Assessing the Situation": "Those who benefit from prestige are the ones who control the strength and weakness of the world." "

4. Conjunction. It expresses the relationship between cause and effect. Used in the second half of the sentence, from cause to effect. "Xunzi Ai Gong": "You don't ask this question, but ask about Shun Guan, so it is wrong. " Yan Zhitui of the Northern Qi Dynasty "Yan Family Instructions: Muxian": "People in the world are too blind, their ears are valued but their eyes are despised, and they value the distant and despise the near... Therefore, the people of Lu called Confucius 'Dong Jia Qiu'. "Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty" "Books with Han Jingzhou": "Once you climb the Dragon Gate, your reputation will be ten times higher. Therefore, the people of the dragon and the phoenix all want to take their name and fix it with the king." "A Dream of Red Mansions" Chapter 62: "He and Sister Lin were the same day, so he remembered it." " Zhao Shuli "Sanliwan·Holiday": "But she is the first to arrive every day, so she is very familiar with the situation inside the house. "

5. Conjunction. Indicates cause-and-effect relationship. Used in the first half of the sentence to explore the cause from the effect. "Historical Records·Biography of Mr. Wei": "Sheng Sheng therefore attached himself to the marriage, because of the high righteousness of the prince, To be able to relieve people's distress. "Han Zhao Ye's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu·Gou Jian's Conquest of Wu Wai Zhuan": "On a different day, Zhong admonished and said: 'The reason why I was in the (early) dynasty and Yan was dismissed was like the author of the illness, but because of Wu Er! ’” Volume 28 of "The Surprise at the First Carriage of the Case": "So I invite my husband to come from afar, and I am about to visit you here." " Yao Xueyin's "Li Zicheng" Volume 1, Chapter 1: "The reason why Li Zicheng dared to run eastward was because he contacted Luo Rucai and went to Tongguan to meet him. "

6. Conjunctions. Indicate cause-and-effect relationships. Use "cause" or "destiny" in the first half of the sentence, and "so" in the second half. Later it developed into the sentence pattern of "because...so..." "Xinyu of the Tang Dynasty·Jokes" by Liu Su of the Tang Dynasty: "It's just because the heart is confused that the dough is lumpy." "The poem "The King of Shu Enters Daci Temple to Listen to Lectures" written by Guanxiu of Qian Shu: "It was only because Zhi Dun was talking about the wonderful scriptures that Xu Xun came to talk about them. Chapter 1 of "Lao Can's Travel Notes": "Because I can't write eight-legged essays, I haven't made any progress in learning." " Lao She's "Black and White Plum": "Black Plum is my good friend. Because I often go to his house, I know a little about White Plum. "

7. Yes. "Yi Qian": "Loyalty is the reason for advancing virtue; rhetoric establishes sincerity, so it is good for one's career. "Zhuangzi Zhibeiyou": "Although human relations are difficult, they are inseparable." "Wang Yinzhi's "Jing Zhuan Shi Ci" Volume 9: "Words can be compared to each other. "Wenzi Shangren": "If you love to rule the world with your body, you can trust the world; if you love to rule the world with your body, you can trust the world." "

8. What you do, what you do. "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "The Master said: 'Look at its reason, observe its origin, and observe its peace. How can people be so thin? How can people be so thin? ’” Kang Youwei Note: “To, to do.” ”