In the history of China literature, there have been "Mourning Poems" since the Book of Songs. From the appearance of mourning poems to Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Pan Yue in the Western Jin Dynasty and Yuan Zhen in the Middle Tang Dynasty are the most famous mourning poems. In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin also wrote a play on Shu. Their works are sad and touching. Or write that after his lover left, he was lonely and sad, and he was sad to see the relics; Or writers are rich and expensive, reminiscing about the past and lamenting that the world is good and destiny is impermanent; Or use trance-like words and colors to express their profound thoughts and memories, which makes people sad to read. Writing mourning in words is Su Shi's initiative. Compared with predecessors, the expressive art of Su Shi's mourning poems is different. The first word is "dreaming", and the day of dreaming is clearly written. But although it is "Remembering Dreams", in fact, only the following five sentences are about remembering dreams, and the rest are all about expressing their feelings and telling their sadness. They are sincere, simple and touching.
In fact, the word "dreaming" is lyrical except for the following five sentences about dreams. The first three sentences are empty, frank and touching. "Ten years of life and death are two boundless", where will you go, the dead are at a loss about the world, and so are the living. Lovers give up forever, time suddenly, and ten years pass by quickly. "If you don't think about it, you will never forget it." Although people die, the beautiful scenes of the past are unforgettable. It has been ten years since Wang Fu died. I think Wang Fu, then 28, married Su Dongpo, who was 19 years old. Needless to say, the young couple have deep feelings, and what is even more rare is that she is generous and sensible. In ten years, Dongpo was suppressed for opposing Wang Anshi's new law, and his mood was sad; When I arrived in Michigan, I was busy with government affairs every bad year, and my life was very bitter. I lived by eating seven games. Moreover, my second wife, Wang Runzhi (perhaps because I deeply miss my beloved wife Wang Fu, Dongpo continued to marry Wang Fu's cousin Wang Runzhi, who is said to have the charm of a cousin) and my son are by my side, so I can't hang my dead wife in my heart every year, day and night. I don't often miss it, but I never forget it. This deep-rooted feeling is hard to shake off. Because the author is middle-aged, the relationship between husband and wife that * * * has been worried about for a long time cannot be eliminated for a while. The author combines "unexpected" with "unforgettable" and reveals his inner feelings truly and profoundly by using the tension between these two seemingly contradictory mentality. Ten years after his death, in that touching day, he couldn't "not think" about his wise and considerate wife. The past suddenly came to my mind, and the pent-up undercurrent of emotion suddenly opened like a floodgate, which was hard to stop. So dreams are real and natural. "A lonely grave thousands of miles away is nowhere to be sad." I am very sad to think that my beloved wife died prematurely in China, thousands of miles away. In fact, even if the grave is close at hand and life and death are separated, it is impossible to be bleak. This is a sentimental language that obliterates the boundary between life and death, and to a great extent, it expresses the author's feelings of loneliness, helplessness and desire to tell, which is particularly touching. Then, these three short sentences, "Even if we meet, we shouldn't know that our faces are covered with dust and our temples are frosty", confuse reality with dreams, and contain all kinds of worries and resentments after an individual's death, including the aging of the face and the decline of the body. At this time, he was only forty years old, and his temples were like frost. Even if she has been dead for ten years, she will still "meet", which is a desperate and impossible assumption. Her feelings are deep, sad and helpless, which shows the author's deep nostalgia for her lover and gives a vivid description of her personal changes, making the meaning of this word more profound. Su Dongpo once described his father's teachings in the epitaph of his late wife Wang: "A woman should not forget when she is in trouble.". And this word is dreamlike and true. I'm afraid my true feelings are not only based on my father's orders, but on my life experience. What the author relies on in his heart and dreams is indeed a deep sense of suffering that "without thinking, never forgets".
The first five sentences of the next movie begin to "remember dreams". Dream at Night and Go Home Suddenly is a narrative. In my dream, I suddenly returned to my hometown and met and reunited in the place where they had a sweet time. "Xiao Xuan window, dressing" small room, kind and familiar, her appearance, vaguely in those days, is dressing up. It's like a young woman who has not been married long. Her beautiful image brings out the joy of Su Shi's boudoir. The author used such a common and unforgettable scene to express his eternal impression of his lover. When husband and wife meet, there is no intimacy of reunion after a long separation, only "silent mutual care, only tears!" This is exactly what makes Dongpo's brushwork extraordinary. The pain is only "speechless"; Being "speechless" is worth a thousand words; It is silence that makes this dream feel infinitely desolate. "Silence is better than sound", and this is the victory of silence. Where to start after all kinds of things, only let the tears pour. A dream brought back the past, but the beautiful scene of that year did not exist. This is to melt the feelings of reality into the dream and make this dream feel infinitely bleak. The last three sentences fell from dreams to reality. "It is expected to be heartbroken every year; Moonlight night, dwarf matsuoka. " It is expected that lovers buried in the ground will be heartbroken every year on this mourning day in order to cherish the world and be reluctant to part with their loved ones. The author puts himself in the other's shoes and imagines that his dead wife is alone in the cold and lonely "bright moon" night, which can be described as well-intentioned. Here, the author expresses his condolences by imagining the pain of the deceased. This expression is a bit like Du Like's masterpiece Moonlit Night. Not how you are, but how the other person is, which makes poetry more meaningful. The last three sentences of Dongpo's ci are profound, painful and lingering, which makes people memorable. In particular, the phrase "moonlit night, short pine hill" is sad, lonely, sad and lost. The so-called "everlasting, everlasting; One day both will end, and this endless sorrow will last forever "(Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow). This infatuation is really earth-shattering.
This word uses many artistic expressions, such as frustration, combination of reality and fiction, narrative sketches, etc., to express the author's thoughts and feelings of missing his dead wife. While mourning his dead wife, he also expressed his feelings about his life experience, thus profoundly and sincerely expressing the feelings between husband and wife, which makes people sigh and sigh after reading it.
Translate the whole poem "The 20th Dream of the First Month of Jiang";
You and I have been dead for ten years, but we miss each other but are at a loss and can't meet each other. I don't want to miss myself, but it's unforgettable. Your lonely grave is thousands of miles away, and there is no place to tell your sadness. Even if I meet you, you won't recognize me, because I've been running around, and my hair is like frost.
At night, I suddenly returned to my hometown in my dream and saw you dressing up in front of the mirror in the small window. You and I look at each other silently, and I don't know where to start with a thousand words. Only silent tears fall thousands of lines. Imagine that little pine tree shining under the bright moon, which is where you miss me year after year and your heart aches.
Appreciation of the whole poem "Dream on the 20th Night of the First Month of Jiang";
Jiang remembers the dream he had on the 20th day of the first month.
Su Shi? Song dynasty
Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.
At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines are expected to break the heart, and the moon and night are short and loose. (heartbreak: heartbreak)
Comment on words and phrases:
Jiangchengzi: epigraph name, also known as "profound village meaning", "Jiangshenzi" and "crystal curtain". This word is 70 words with two tones, with five tones above and below.
(M A): The eighth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1075).
Ten years: refers to the death of his wife Wang Fu for ten years.
Li Ang: I miss you.
Qianli: Meishan, Sichuan where Wang Fu was buried, and Mizhou, Shandong where Su Shi was appointed are far apart, so it is called "Qianli". Lonely grave: the tomb of his wife Wang. "Qiao Bian Shi Wu" contains a poem given to her husband by Mrs. Zhang Kong: "If you want to know the heartbroken place, the moon shines on the lonely grave."
Even: even, even.
"dusty face" two sentences: describe the vicissitudes of life, gaunt face.
Dream: Dreams are vague, so clouds are dreamy.
Xiao Xuan window: refers to the window of a small room, Xiao Xuan, a small room with a windowsill.
C: Look.
Material: I look forward to it, I want to come. Heartbreak: A "heartbreaking place".
Dwarf Songshan: the place where Su Shi buried his wife, dwarf Songshan, dwarf Songshan.
About the author:
Su Shi (1037—110/) was a writer in the Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. When Jia You Jin wrote to argue the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's new law, he was later sent to the censorate and demoted to Huangzhou for satirizing the new law with poetry. Song Zhezong, a bachelor of Hanlin, is a native of Yingzhou, and is an official of the Ministry of Rites. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. Take multiple measures at the same time. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Knowledgeable, like to reward backwardness. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, he was called "Su San". His prose is arbitrary, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems have a wide range of themes, fresh and vigorous, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique style. He and Huang Tingjian are also called "Su Huang". Bold words, and Xin Qiji called "Su Xin". He is also engaged in painting and calligraphy. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Ci, Dongpo Yi Zhuan and Dongpo Yuefu handed down from ancient times.
Creative background:
This eulogy was written by Su Shi when he moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) in the eighth year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1075). When Su Dongpo was nineteen, he married Wang Fu, who was sixteen. Wang Fu is young, beautiful and very filial. They love each other deeply. Unfortunately, Wang Fu died at the age of 27. This is a great blow to Dongpo, and his inner and spiritual pain is self-evident. Su Shi said in the epitaph of his late wife Wang: "Ding Hai, the wife of Su Shi in Zhao County, died in the capital in May of the second year of Zhiping (1065). In Wu Jia in June, the funeral was held in Jingxi. At noon next June, he will be buried in the tomb of the first gentleman and first lady of Li Kelong, Anzhen Township, pengshan county, northeast of Yumei, eight steps northwest. " In a calm tone, it is extremely painful. The year "Mao Yi" in the inscription refers to the eighth year of Xining (1075). At that time, Su Dongpo was appointed as a well-known person in Mizhou. He was already forty years old. On the 20th day of the first month of this year, he dreamed of his beloved wife, Wang, so he wrote the poem "Voices in the Sky, Tears in Spring" and recited the eulogy through the ages.
Express the theme:
Jiang's Dream on the 20th of the First Month is a eulogy written by Su Shi, a writer in Song Dynasty, in memory of his original wife Wang Fu, expressing endless grief. This word is sentimental, and every word is bloody and tearful. The poet's deep yearning for his dead wife is realistic; Xia Kun described dreams and expressed the poet's lasting love for his dead wife. The combination of reality and fiction highlights the yearning for his dead wife and deepens the sad tone of the whole poem. The whole poem is plain and unpretentious, and the words are like its words, but the words are engraved from the heart, natural and profound. It has become a well-known masterpiece with its concise and euphemistic thinking and endless realm.
Famous comments:
Tang Guizhang's Brief Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci: This poem is a work of mourning for the public. The truth is that Apollo's words hurt, but his voice was harsh. As Houshan (Chen Shidao) said, "Sound should penetrate the sun and tears should penetrate the spring". Goodbye for a long time. The word "a thousand miles" is far apart. "Even if" two sentences, imagine meeting ignorant. The next movie, suddenly folded into a dream, porch dressing, or ten years ago. The sentence "caring for each other" describes the sadness of meeting, and corresponds to the sentence "life and death are endless" The word "expectation" means "heartbreak". "Bright Moon" and "Matsuoka" are also the places where "the lonely grave of a thousand miles" is located.
Ai Zhiping's Appreciation of Famous Sentences in Song Dynasty: From this poem, Su Shi seems to be pursuing a higher interest in life, a life confidant who can exchange views. Therefore, although he only writes about the sadness of his personal life, he is not sticky or greasy, pure and beautiful, which is a rare masterpiece in mourning poems.
Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties in Zhang Yanjin: Chao Wuxia once said that Su Shi's poems were "shorter than emotion". Judging from this song "Jiangchengzi", this statement is incorrect. Chen Houshan said: "The charm is like Dongpo, but it is not as good as love. Can it be?"
Appreciation of Wang Tang Song's poems: This word uses line drawing from beginning to end to tell his feelings and dreams and express his deep affection for his dead wife. I am sincere and sincere, with no traces of carving; The language is simple, but the meaning is profound.