12 emperors of Qing dynasty

1. Nurhachi

Ai Xinjue Luo Nurhachi, whose name is Shu Lebelle, was born in the thirty-eighth year of Ming Jiajing (1559) in Hetuala City (Xinbin County, Liaoning Province), the left-back department of Sukesu in Jianzhou. In the 11th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1583), Nurhachi rose unyieldingly, and took up the army with thirteen pairs of his father and ancestors, and became the king from the middle. He led the children of the Eight Banners to fight between Baishan and Heishui. He was undaunted by the big enemy and suffered heavy losses. He bravely defended his prestige and won the support of all the ministries. It lasted for more than 3 years, unified the ministries of Jurchen, and promoted the development of Jurchen society and the formation of Manchu. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), in Hetuala, Jianyuan was called Khan, and the title was Dajin (known as Houjin in history). Nurhachi soldiers became stronger and more powerful. In the fourth year of Wanli (1618), they sacrificed to heaven with the "seven great hatreds", swore an oath for the Ming Dynasty, and began to work hard for the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. In the history books of the Chinese nation, his wisdom and achievements will last forever. In the battle with the Ming general Yuan Chonghuan in Ningyuan, he was defeated and injured. He died in August of the eleventh year of Destiny (1626) at the age of 68.

Zodiac: Sheep

posthumous title: the first Emperor of Wu, changed to Emperor Gao

Temple number: Taizu

Mausoleum: Fuling (Shenyang Dongling)

Father: Tucker

Mother: Xitala, and later respected as Xuanhuang

First marriage. 8 female

most proud: winning the battle of Salhu

most frustrated: defeated Ningyuan

most unfortunate: father and ancestor were killed

most sad: killing the eldest son Chu Ying

best at: strategy

2. Huang Taiji

huang taiji was the eighth son of Nurhachi, the pioneer of Qing Dynasty. Huang taiji was born on October 25, 1592, the twentieth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. Nurhachi Ningyuan was defeated and died, and he was in the post-Jin Khan position. He reigned for 17 years and died in Chongde, Qing Dynasty for eight years (1643), at the age of 52.

less than 1 years after his accession to the throne, Huang taiji unified the whole northeast, and went south to Korea and westward to Mongolia, repeatedly defeating Daming officers and soldiers. In April of the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), it was renamed Emperor, and the Qing Empire unified by Kanto was established, and the family name was renamed "Manchuria". Both capital city was shocked by his ambitious move to the west. After two decisive battles between Song and Jin, the elite of the Ming army was wiped out. Outside Shanhaiguan, there was only an isolated city in Ningyuan, and Daming Mountain was in jeopardy.

Huang taiji has a well-read history, great bearing, military courage and resourcefulness, and pioneering spirit in politics. He not only has a strong national consciousness, but also yearns for the Han culture, promotes the advantages and eliminates the disadvantages, and treats the Han officials well. He can be called the king of entrepreneurship, "inheriting Mao's founding career and enlightening the grand plan of reunification in the Qing Dynasty". He died on the eve of the Qing army's entry into the customs, and failed to realize his long-cherished wish to seize the national political power.

Zodiac: Dragon

posthumous title: Emperor Wen

TempleNo.: Taizong

Mausoleum: Zhaoling (Shenyang Beiling)

Father: Nurhachi

Mother: Ye Hena Lahu, later revered as the filial piety queen

First marriage: married at the age of 22, spouse Borzigit. 14 female

most proud: Song Jin won the battle

most frustrated: defeated Ning Jin

most unfortunate: birth mother died early

most sad: Ai Fei died early

best at: strategizing

3. Shunzhi Emperor Fu Lin was the first emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty. He was the ninth son of Huang Taiji and was born in Chongde for three years (1638). Chongde acceded to the throne in Shenyang on August 2, 8, and changed to Shunzhi for 18 years. He died in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661) at the age of 24.

after Shunzhi ascended the throne, his uncle Dourgen assisted in the administration. In the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dourgen went out to hunt and died outside the Great Wall. 14-year-old Fu Lin took office early. Emperor Shunzhi was gifted and diligent in reading. He absorbed advanced Chinese culture, assessed the situation, and was more open to the system of becoming a legal ancestor, regardless of the opposition of Manchu pro-expensive ministers, and relied heavily on Han officials. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the emerging ruling foundation, he took the rise and fall of Ming Dynasty as a reference, was wary of eunuchs and cronies as a disaster, attached importance to put in order's official management, paid attention to rest with the people, and learned from it with restraint. However, he was youthful, headstrong and irritable. When his beloved Dong Fei died, he turned to be negative and world-weary, and finally hurried through a short life course and died young. He is the only emperor in history of qing dynasty who openly turned to Zen Buddhism.

Zodiac: Tiger

posthumous title: Emperor Zhang

TempleNo.: Shizu

Mausoleum: Xiaoling Mausoleum (Qing Dongling Mausoleum)

Father: Huang Taiji

Mother: Empress Xiao Zhuang

First marriage: 14-year-old, spouse: 17 people. 6 female

most proud: punishing the prince of Rui after his death

most frustrated: wanting to become a monk

most unfortunate: my father died early

most sad: my beloved princess Dong Eshi died early

Best at: Buddhism

4, Kangxi

Emperor Xuanye of Kangxi was the third son of Shunzhi, born in Shunzhi. He is the longest reigning emperor in the history of China, who reigned for 61 years.

Kangxi was diligent and studious since childhood, and he was proficient in everything. In a series of military actions, such as eliminating worship, removing San Francisco, reunifying Taiwan Province, and quelling the rebellion in Jungar, he either made a personal expedition or won a thousand miles, which fully demonstrated his military talents. Carefully selecting talents, commending honest officials, repairing rivers, and netting Han intellectuals also reflected that Kangxi was an excellent politician and a wise monarch. Compared with Xuanye's political life, his family life is not happy, and the struggle between the princes for storage has made him haggard. He died on March 18th in the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654) at the age of 68.

Zodiac: Ma

posthumous title: Emperor Ren

TempleNo.: Holy Father

Father: Shunzhi

Mother: Tong Jiashi, later revered as the Empress Xiao Kangzhang

First marriage: 12 years old

Spouse: 16 people. 16 female

most proud: 14-year-old assistant minister Ao Bai

most frustrated: three mourning queens

most unfortunate: the loss of father and mother in childhood

most sad: two positions and two wastes

best at learning

5, Yongzheng

Yong Zhengdi Yinzhen was born in the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678 In 61 years of Kangxi, Yin Zhen, 45, inherited the throne, reigned for 13 years, and died in Yuanmingyuan at the age of 58.

Yin Zhen came to the stage of history in the form of social stagnation in the early period of the prosperous period of Kanggan-the last year of Kangxi. The complicated social contradictions provide Yin Zhen with opportunities to display his ambitions and talents. He carried out a number of major reforms step by step, with far-sightedness and unremitting efforts. In the past 13 years, he achieved fruitful results, laid a solid foundation for future generations, and reached the peak in the Qianlong period. His historical position is not inferior to that of Nai Fu Kang Xi and Nai Zi Gan Long. Although he is suspicious, mean and ungrateful, and his rule is harsh, it is secondary to his performance.

Zodiac: Ma

posthumous title: Emperor Xian

Temple number: Sejong

Mausoleum: Tailing Mausoleum (Qing Xiling Mausoleum)

Father: Kangxi

Mother: Wu Yashi, later revered as Empress Xiao Gongren

First marriage: 19 years old, spouse Tong Jiashi

Spouse: 8 female

most proud: most frustrated when winning the throne

most miserable when taking Dan medicine

most unfortunate when being criticized by later generations

most distressed: imprisoned brother

best at: Machiavellian

6. Qianlong

Emperor Hongli was born in the fiftieth year of Kangxi (1711). He was the fourth son of Yongzheng, who reigned for 6 years. After abdicating, he became the emperor's father for three years, at the age of 89, and actually took power for 64 years.

at the beginning of his accession to the throne, Ganlong practiced the policy of mutual aid between leniency and fierceness, was pragmatic enough to serve the country, paid attention to farming and mulberry, stopped donating money, put down rebellion and other activities, which fully reflected his martial arts of literary treatment. Emperor Qianlong admired elegance, was good at riding and shooting, and left his pen and ink in the north and south of the river. He was also a famous cultural relic collector. Most of the paintings and calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty were collected by him. During his reign, Sikuquanshu compiled by him received 3,53 kinds of books, 79,337 volumes and 36,34 volumes, three times as many as Yongle Dadian, which became the confluence of ancient Chinese ideological and cultural heritage.

However, Qianlong was extravagant. In his later years, the treasury was exhausted and corrupt officials and gentry were heavily used. As a result, peasant uprisings emerged one after another in his later years, which marked the decline of the Qing Dynasty from prosperity.

Zodiac: Rabbit

posthumous title: Pure Emperor

TempleNo.: Gaozong

Mausoleum: Yuling (Qing Dongling)

Father: Yongzheng

Mother: Niuzhilu, later revered as the Empress of Filial Piety

First marriage: married at the age of 16, with a rich spouse. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (176), he was made Prince Jia in the 54th year, ascended the throne in the 6th year of Qianlong, and reigned in Jiaqing for 25 years. He died in the 25th year of Jiaqing (182) at the age of 61.

Emperor Jiaqing was a diligent and prudent monarch. A series of policies he adopted after taking office played a certain role in changing all kinds of malpractices in the late Qianlong period. However, it did not and could not fundamentally reverse the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Personally speaking, Emperor Jiaqing has never been able to prescribe a cure for the increasingly serious corruption and laziness, and he can only warn and intimidate a large number of bureaucrats who "protect their posts", and in the end he is helpless. He has a certain understanding of the invasion of western colonialists, but for an ancient feudal country that is weakening day by day, it is impossible to really deal with foreign invaders effectively, and then he can only slide down the road of decline.

Zodiac: Dragon

posthumous title: Emperor Rui

TempleNo.: Injong

Mausoleum: Changling (Qing Xiling)

Father: Qianlong

Mother: Wei Jiashi, and later revered as the Queen of Xiaoyi

First marriage: 15 years old, Spouse Xitala

Spouse: 15

Empress: Xitala is the official Fujin

Children: 5 sons and 9 daughters

Most proud: punishment

Most frustrated: Ouchi was assassinated

Most unfortunate: sudden and sudden death

Most sad: Catholics broke into the Forbidden City

Best at: After 3 years in office, he was 69 years old.

Daoguang emperors with mediocre intelligence are famous for their frugality. He is at the critical moment of the historical turning point, "keeping what is often and not knowing what is changing." The opium poisoning from the southeast sea and the British invasion made him restless. He wanted to ban smoking severely and made up his mind to fight the invaders, but he didn't know where Britain came from or what colonialism was. Usually, I didn't know who I was, and I didn't have any contingency plans when I was in danger, so I was at a loss to defend my war and had no plan. I could only sigh in self-hatred and self-shame. As a result, I accepted Britain's alliance at the gates and signed the first unequal treaty in modern history-the Sino-British Jiangning Treaty.

Emperor Daoguang has been in power for 3 years. Chaogang is arbitrary and hands-on, but internal affairs, such as bureaucracy, river engineering, grain transportation and smoking ban, have not improved. It is the tragedy of his life that he works hard and does little.

Zodiac: Tiger

posthumous title: Emperor Cheng

TempleNo.: Xuanzong

Mausoleum: Muling (Qing Xiling)

Father: Jiaqing

Mother: Xitala, Empress Xiao Shurui

First marriage: 13-year-old, and spouse Niu Kailu. 1 female

most proud: Lin Qing fired a gun to kill the enemy

most frustrated: the defeat of the Opium War

most unfortunate: the mother died early

most sad: signing treaty of nanking

best at: frugality

9, Xianfeng Emperor Yining, Daoguang eleven years (11 years. Xianfeng died in the eleventh year (August 22, 1861). He was in office for 11 years and died at the age of 31.

When Xianfeng ascended the throne, the Taiping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan broke out in Jintian Village in front of Zijingshan, Guangxi. Then came the battle of British and French allied forces, forcing Xianfeng to flee to Chengde, Jehol. Xianfeng was in office for 11 years, and people's grievances were boiling, and he did not fight. "The overall situation was eroded and out of control." He often lost his mind in the middle of the night, so he indulged in debauchery and indulged himself. Two days before his death, he also sent an edict that "the flowers in Yizhou sang as usual."

Emperor Xianfeng, who was too ambitious to learn, was trapped in the frame of his ancestors, but finally failed to cross a threshold and took endless worries to the world without worries.

Zodiac: Rabbit

posthumous title: Emperor Xian

TempleNo.: Wenzong

Mausoleum: Dingling (Qing Dongling)

Father: Daoguang

Mother: Niuzhilu, Empress Xiao Quancheng

First marriage: married at the age of 16, spouse Sadako. 1 female

most proud: using wisdom and ingenuity to ascend to the throne

most frustrated: British and French allied forces invaded Beijing

most unfortunate: signing the Beijing Treaty

most sad: Yuanmingyuan was burned and looted

best at: go to the opera

1, Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun was the only son of Xianfeng and Yehenala. Born in Xianfeng six years (1856). Twelve years of tongzhi. Died the following year, aged 19. Temple name "Mu Zong".

Emperor Tongzhi was in power for 14 years. During this period, the Qing government relied on Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang and other important officials to suppress a series of peasant uprisings such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising. Some so-called "new westernization policies" have also been set up. But none of this has much to do with the Tongzhi emperor. The ruler at that time was actually Cixi. Zai Chun was a juvenile urchin when he was young. As a young emperor, he really failed to live up to the ardent expectations of the ruling and opposition parties. After two years in charge, he died of smallpox.

Zodiac: Dragon

posthumous title: Emperor Yi

TempleNo.: Mu Zong

Mausoleum: Huiling (Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty)

Father: Xianfeng

Mother: Ye Hena La, later revered as Empress Xiaoqinxian

First marriage: 16 years old, Spouse Arute

Spouse: 5

Queen: Arute is the queen

Children: none

Most proud: most frustrated: father died early

Most unfortunate: the queen behind her committed suicide

Most sad: childless

Best at: playing

. He reigned for 34 years, died in Guangxu thirteen years, aged 38, and was buried in chongling, Yixian County, Hebei Province.

Emperor Guangxu was in charge at the age of 19. He was rich.