▲ Xu Zhenqing
It is the best in the south of the Yangtze River and is famous all over the world.
Jiangnan, from ancient times to the present, is a poetic place. In this place, there is no shortage of talented people and beautiful women. How many literati can it be called? Jiangnan gifted scholar? Name only? Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing? These four people are gone. Tang Yin, the word Bohu, is also called "Six", such as a layman and a monk. Tang Bohu is the most charming and eclectic of the four gifted scholars. Tang Bohu was gifted since childhood, and he was familiar with the four books and five classics, especially fond of painting. When I was a child, I took the county exam, the government exam, and the township exam. High school was the champion. At that time, I became famous and a man of the hour. But God bless the accident, in the most important exam in his life, he was demoted to Zhejiang as an official on suspicion of accepting bribes. Tang Bohu was ashamed of this, and after returning to China, he indulged in drinking, indulged in extravagance and created a large number of famous paintings.
Zhu Zhishan is also very young and famous. He has been smart and studious since he was a child. At the age of nine, he was able to recite poems. At the age of ten, he read widely. A prodigy? At the age of seven, he was already a scholar. After finishing the exam, he briefly worked as a magistrate and a judge. Later, due to his wandering nature and dissatisfaction with the corrupt atmosphere in officialdom, he returned to Suzhou under the pretext of resigning. In Suzhou, he made many friends, invited guests to drink heavily, burned wine to relieve his worries, and painted wildly to vent his anger. Zhu Zhishan is the most versatile of the four gifted scholars. He is not only good at painting and calligraphy, but also good at poetry.
▲ Four Great Talents in Jiangnan
Wen Zhiming, it's very good. Why? Wu pai? Although he is one of the four great talents in Jiangnan, his founder was not outstanding when he was a child, and he was a late bloomer. It was not until he was 54 years old that he was given a letter from imperial academy. Wen Zhiming is good at landscapes, flowers and figures, and his description is from extensive to mature. Although he became famous at the latest, he was also the oldest.
Xu Zhenqing is undoubtedly the most unique of the four gifted scholars. His paintings and calligraphy are not the best, but poetry is the best. A word? Wen Jiangyan said Yangzhou Hua? Being praised for many years, poetic talent is a must.
Poetry moves in the sea and is famous for its academic achievements.
Four great talents? In China, three other people, represented by Tang Bohu, are famous for their good at calligraphy and painting, but Xu Zhenqing is famous for his poems, which Xu Zhenqing once wrote? Wen Jiangyan said Yangzhou Hua? Such quatrains are praised by people. At that time, he was famous for his poems in the Ming Dynasty. He is not only one of the four gifted scholars in Wuzhong, but also one of the top seven poets in Ming Dynasty.
In fact, at that time, Xu Zhenqing's fame and talent were not inferior to those of Tang Bohu and others, but the infinite exaggeration of this romantic talent in film and television dramas eclipsed the talented people around him.
This is not to belittle Tang Bohu and elevate Xu Zhenqing's position, but the fact that the posterity's affirmation of Xu Zhenqing is unchangeable. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a scholar named Shen Deqian who compiled a collection of poems of the Ming Dynasty, which included masterpieces of great poets of the Ming Dynasty. Among the four great talents in Ming Dynasty, only Xu Zhenqing and Wen Zhiming were selected, among which Wen Zhiming had only two poems, while Xu Zhenqing had as many as 23 poems. This shows their literary attainments. Although Xu Zhenqing's poems are unknown to later generations, if he really loves poetry, he must have heard of him.
▲ Four Great Talents in Jiangnan in the movie "Tang Bohu Dianchouxiang"
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, novels were the main literary field. During this period, there were not many famous poets, but Xu Zhenqing was unique in the literary world in the middle of Ming dynasty? Treasure of forest air? Although his achievements in poetry did not reach the level of Tang and Song literati, they guided the charm of Wuzhong's poetry in this era.
If we read his poems carefully, we will find that his poems mainly describe the unique experience of society and life, and at the same time have a distinct regional color of Wuzhong, which conveys his strong emotional color and inner world to the world through poems. Poetry based on emotion, while forming its own school, also formed Xu Zhenqing's own Wuzhong style. This style, even compared with the first seven sons, is unique.
"Ming history" volume 286 praised Xu Zhenqing as? The crown of Wuzhong poets? Being recognized by the official history is definitely not a hollow reputation. Xu Zhenqing once wrote A Record of Talking about Art, which is a very valuable work in the history of ancient poetry in China. Not only was it respected in the dynasty at that time, but later scholars paid more attention to this book, including Qian Zhongshu, a great writer in the late Ming Dynasty, and even modern scholar Qian Zhongshu used the name of this book as the name of his works. Therefore, Xu Zhenqing's name as a gifted scholar is well deserved.
▲ Xu Zhenqing's words
Forgotten by later generations, fictional characters were replaced.
It's just such a scholar, who is not good at arts and sciences and has a bumpy career. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, he was admitted to Jinshi, but he was defeated because of his ugly appearance. There are records in Ming history:? Ju Hongzhi was a scholar in the eighteenth year. Xiaozong sent messengers to ask the names of Zhenqing and Huating Shen Lu. They won the choice of the museum, but Zhenqing was not in harmony with her appearance. ? Therefore, it turns out that the ancients paid special attention to the face value when choosing officials, and at the same time they can learn a message that Xu Zhenqing is not only plain-looking, but even extremely ugly.
The appearance defect not only made him lose his official position, but even when later generations talked about the four great talents, a very beautiful zhou wenbin replaced Xu Zhenqing, which led him to fade out of people's memory. So is there zhou wenbin in the history books? Looking through many historical books, we will find that there is no clear record about this man, but in some plays, he has always appeared among the four great talents in Jiangnan.
The zhou wenbin we are familiar with is actually a fiction of later generations, one is to make up for Xu Zhenqing's ugly appearance, and the other is to meet people's demand for beauty. Therefore, in today's society, most people will think that zhou wenbin is the four great talents in the south of the Yangtze River, not Xu Zhenqing.
▲ Tang Bohu's paintings
Personality is very different, and the same talent is different.
In the novels and operas handed down in the Ming dynasty, these four gifted scholars have distinct personalities. Tang Bohu, a simple and lovely Wen Zhiming, some clever and cunning Zhu Zhishan and handsome zhou wenbin, represented by romantic style, constitute the four great gifted scholars in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming dynasty? Men's day group? , has been passed down to this day. The first three people are not much different from the history books, but the last one deviates from the historical facts. Arguably, Xu Zhenqing's talent and achievements are absolutely in line with the characteristics of the four gifted scholars, but he was expelled from the list of gifted scholars because of his ugly appearance.
Jinshi can't be reused in the exam, but can only be a scholar who is well-behaved in the court. Without an affair, people's attention to him will naturally decrease. Besides, Xu Zhenqing is very different from the other three gifted scholars. The other three have no experience in the imperial court. Only Xu Zhenqing, though a modest official, chose to stay in Beijing, so his literary concept changed from the other three. He began to move closer to the mainstream literati at that time, and the other three were more or less rebellious from Wuzhong literati. It is not impossible for him to part ways with the other three. The difference in philosophy of life is probably one of the important reasons why he was not selected as a talented person.
▲ Wen Zhiming's words
There is not much controversy about Xu Zhenqing's success and talent. But if we spread out the artistic achievements and life experiences of these four gifted scholars, we will find that Tang Bohu and others are not only literati who can write poems, but also have made great achievements in painting and calligraphy, even leading in their respective fields. For the three of them, poetry and prose are not the main jobs to make a living and become famous in the world, but have become some unnecessary talents, so the achievements of the first three are mainly in the art field. On the other hand, Xu Zhenqing is actually more like a pure writer. He loves poetry and is proficient in it. Compared with the other three, his personality is not so brilliant, and his ugly appearance is somewhat bleak. So when future generations shaped it? Zhou wenbin? When such a man dressed as a woman was particularly brilliant, the unknown Xu Zhenqing was abandoned by later generations.