"Eight-array diagram": a kind of array diagram about array method and force deployment in ancient art of war. There are sixty-four piles of stones on the beach of the Yangtze River, which are composed of eight formations: heaven, earth, wind, cloud, dragon, tiger, bird and snake. The floods in summer kept these stone piles still. "Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang" contains: "Deduct the Art of War and make an eight-array map." There are several legends about the site of Zhuge Liang's Eight Arrays, all of which refer to the Eight Arrays on the beach of the Yangtze River south of Yong 'an Palace in fengjie county. Regarding Zhuge Liang's Eight Arrays, Su Shi's Dongpo Zhi Lin said: "Zhuge Liang's Eight Arrays ... eight rows of stones, two feet apart. Looking down from the mountain for more than 100 feet, every eight rows gather into a sixty-four perfect circle, without any unevenness, such as the shadow between Japan and China, which is difficult to distinguish. What a strange thing. "
This poem praises Zhuge Liang's great achievements in the three-point dispute, criticizes Shu's failure to annex Wu, and expresses the poet's regret and feeling for Zhuge Liang's unpaid ambition.
Analysis]
This is a poem dedicated to Zhuge Liang by the poet when he was in Kuizhou. Written in the first year of Dali (766). During his roaming in the southwest, the poet wrote many poems about historical sites, but he had a special liking for Zhuge Liang. Wuhou Temple, Shu Xiang, Zhuge Temple, Gu Baixing, Kuizhou Song, Five-character Poems and Eight Arrays were all written by poets when they were in Sichuan. This poem embodies the poet's admiration and regret for Zhuge Liang.
"The three divided countries are bound by his greatness, and the Bamianbao is built on his reputation." These two sentences fully affirmed Zhuge Liang's important achievements in establishing Shu Han in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and dividing the world into three parts. Generally speaking, Zhuge Liang made the most outstanding contribution in the process of establishing the situation that Wei Shuwu is divided into three parts. "Gai" in the sentence is better than or exceeds; "Three Kingdoms" refers to Wei, Shu and Wu, so it is called because Wei Jubei, Shu Ju and Wu Judong are in a confrontation situation. The poet used the word "beggar gang" in this sentence, which shows that Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to build the foundation of Shu from scratch, and his contribution was the most prominent among the ministers of the Three Kingdoms, and no one can compare with it. The poet's highly generalized praise of Zhuge Liang objectively reflected the historical truth of the Three Kingdoms period. The next sentence focuses on writing from a military perspective, saying that Zhuge Liang created the Eight Arrays to make himself more famous. In the poet's view, Zhuge Liang's creation of Eight Arrays is the most commendable achievement, which is also where Zhuge Liang became famous. It can be said that this is the poet's unique opinion. The inscription on the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu reads: "There is no reward for unifying the economy, and there are sincere plans and small plans"; The poem "The great river goes into battle, the picture scroll is beautiful, and the industry in Sichuan is bright" can be said to be the best footnote of this poem. These two poems are written in antithesis, and the "Three Divided Countries" and "Eight Arrays" are exquisite, neat and natural because of Zhuge Liang's overall contribution to the military.
"Next to this ever-changing river, there stands a stone, which is his sadness that he failed to conquer the State of Wu." These two sentences are the poet's feelings about the ruins of "Eight Arrays". The last sentence writes out the magic of the remains of the eight-array map very concisely. According to Liu Yuxi's "Jingzhou Painting Vice" and "Jia", the eight arrays here are all made of fine stones, five feet high and sixty yards around, arranged in sixty-four piles, which remain unchanged. Even if it is flooded in summer, everything will be lost in winter, but the eight stone piles will remain unchanged for 600 years. "Stones don't turn", use the poem "My heart is full of stones, so I can't turn" in The Book of Songs White Boat. It's a pun, which means that Zhuge Liang's eight-array map is very strong and won't move if it is washed away by the river rapids; He also praised Zhuge Liang for his unswerving loyalty to the Shu-Han regime and the great cause of reunification. At the same time, the existence of eight stone piles, which have been scattered and recovered for many years, seems to symbolize Zhuge Liang's regret that he died before the great cause of reunification was completed. Liu Bei was eager to avenge Guan Yu and sent troops to attack Wu, which destroyed Zhuge Liang's fundamental strategy of resisting Cao with Wu, and made the great cause of reunification die halfway, which became an eternal regret. The "resentment" in the sentence, the regret and regret left behind; "Loss of swallowing Wu", blunder, blunder; Swallow Wu, merge Wu and destroy Wu. According to historical records, in 2 19 AD, Sun Quan ordered Monroe to attack Jingzhou, capture and kill Guan Yu alive. Four years later, Liu Bei took revenge for Guan Yu as an excuse and attacked Wu on a large scale as a soldier of Shu. As a result, it was defeated in the battle of Yiling, and Shu declined from then on. Zhuge Liang has always advocated uniting Wu against Cao, thus unifying the whole country and restoring the Han Dynasty. Undoubtedly, Liu Bei's attack on Wu violated Zhuge Liang's fundamental strategy and made the great cause of reunification fall by the wayside. How Zhuge Liang understands this!
The fourth sentence of the poem is different in interpretation because of the ambiguity of Chinese characters. There are roughly four explanations. First, I think I hate Wu because I can't destroy him. Second, it is believed that the first Lord cut Wu for hate; Third, I think I can't let the Lord hate me; Fourth, I think the former Lord can't hate Wu with his array. In fact, Liu Bei's attack on Wu did violate Zhuge Liang's strategy of uniting Wu against Cao, which was the beginning of the political decline of Shu. Although there are eight arrays, it doesn't help. "Dongpo Zhi Lin" records that Su Shi once dreamed that Du Fu said to him: "People often misunderstand my poem" Eight Arrays ",thinking that the late Lord Wu Hou wanted revenge, so it is wrong to hate Wu. I mean, Wu and Shu are places of lips and teeth, so it is not appropriate to take pictures. Take Shu, Shu has swallowed Wu. I hate this. " Du Fu thinks about Zhuge Liang's fame and grudges with an eight-array diagram, and Su Shi interprets the mystery in Du Fu's thinking with a dream, which is to the point.
This poem is both nostalgic and vivid, with the characteristics of integrating discussion into the poem, but this discussion is not empty and abstract, but expressed in vivid language; The poet combines nostalgia with narration, giving people a feeling of endless hatred and meaning, and setting a new example in quatrains. This poem is not so much about Zhuge Liang's "legacy" as it is about the poet's sorry for Zhuge Liang, which permeates the poet's depressed mood of frustration and nothing.