Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. According to Liang Lu's Dream, "When I was young, in your hometown, I set up a shop, painted peaches and spent the Spring Festival ..."; "Scholars, big or small, should sweep the floor, remove dust and filth, clean the family, change the door gods, hang Zhong Xu, nail peaches, stick spring cards and worship their ancestors." The "Tiechun Brand" in this article is the word "Fu" written on red paper.
[Edit this paragraph] Related legends
According to legend, the folk custom of posting "blessings" began when Jiang Taigong became a god. The fairies of all walks of life were properly distributed, and Jiang Taigong's ugly and vulgar wife also reached out for the throne. Helpless, she was given the name of "poor god", stipulating that anyone who posted the word "fu" could not go. As a result, ordinary people put up a "blessing" and set off firecrackers to drive away this unpopular "poor god".
The reason why the word "fu" is posted upside down is said to have originated from Gongwangfu in Qing Dynasty. On the eve of the Spring Festival that year, as usual, the big housekeeper wrote several big "blessings" and asked people to stick them on the door of the palace. An illiterate person pasted the word "Fu" upside down. Prince Gong Fujin was very angry and wanted to punish him with flogging. But this big housekeeper is an eloquent man, and quickly knelt down and declared, "I often hear that Prince Gong lives a long life, and now Dafu has really come." This is a sign of happiness. When Prince Gong heard this, he felt reasonable and thought, "No wonder passers-by say that Prince Gong is blessed (healthy). After speaking Kyrgyz for a thousand times, gold and silver increased. A slave without any knowledge really didn't expect such a move! So I gave the housekeeper and servant fifty taels of silver. "。 This is really a blessing in disguise!
There is also a legend that the word "fu" is posted upside down among the people. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, took the word "fu" as a secret memory and prepared to kill people. In order to eliminate this disaster, the good-hearted horse queen asked all families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is put on every door. If one family can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to the streets to check and found that every family had posted the word "Fu", and another family had posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. Seeing that something was wrong, Ma Huanghou quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "My family knew that you were visiting today and deliberately put the word' Fu' upside down. Isn't this the meaning of "blessed road"? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.
[Edit this paragraph] Fuzi style
As early as more than 3,000 years ago, the word "Fu" with different structures appeared on inscriptions on bronze in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Later, with the appearance of ancient calligraphy, seal script, official script, cursive script, regular script, running script and other fonts, the calligraphy of the word "Fu" became more and more artistic, and the collection of "Baifutu" and "Qianfutu" by later generations concentrated on various writing methods of the word "Fu", which made people beautiful. There are two forms of "hundred blessings": one is the special-shaped figure pattern based on seal script, that is, the round pattern of the word "Fu" which has been circulating among the people for a long time, and its font is steady, even and dignified, which is very interesting and lasting; One is a rectangular pattern composed of hundreds of different writing methods, such as truth, grass, official script and seal script. The word "Fu" is not only the object that people pray for peace and good luck, but also reflects the profoundness and ever-changing of China's calligraphy.
In addition, paper-cutting is also an artistic opinion. The works of the ancients have disappeared for a long time, but there are many modern masterpieces. One of the best examples is the image logo specially designed by Beijing paper-cut artist Liu Ren for the paper-cut house. This sign takes the pictographic word "Fu" as the main body, and next to the word "Shi" in the word "Fu" is a bird that falls on a tree, symbolizing good luck, and the tree symbolizes the root and eternity of life. The right side of the word "Fu" is designed as the traditional image of "A Fu" in China, which symbolizes the prayers and wishes for happiness and is very popular.
The picture of the word "Fu" cut by Yuan, a Sichuan folk paper-cut artist, is exquisite: the whole word "Fu" is hollow and round, with six butterflies flying around the middle word on the outer layer and six bats hanging upside down outside the butterfly. Butterflies and bats have a homonym "Fu", which makes people exclaim. In addition, the word "Fu" in folk window grilles is full of flowers, and sometimes it has new ideas, such as "Peony is blessed", "Goldfish is blessed" and "Phoenix is blessed". , are very artistic.
In addition to the word "fu" written on paper and cut between papers, some architectural words "fu" are often artistically treated by people who yearn for happiness. In the old days, when some wealthy families in the north carved a large blessing on the screen wall, they changed their radicals to dog heads and named them "dog head symbols" to take the homonym of dog hook, which means to hook the blessing to their homes. Private houses in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, especially in rural areas, used to be particularly fond of writing the word "Fu" on the corners of gables on both sides, with white walls and black tiles, which were particularly eye-catching from a distance. Others painted the whole gable black with bituminous coal mixed glue, leaving the white word "Fu" more prominent. This out-and-out folk custom is full of strong local flavor. The word "fu" written on the wall is often vivid and interesting.
Some draw two bats in the left and right corners of the word "Fu", which means "Blessed everywhere"; Some pattern the word "Fu" and combine it with auspicious patterns such as deer head, longevity head or peach, which is very interesting and artistic, and contains people's pursuit and yearning for Fu Lushou. On the ancient wall of a Azhong resident in Bailu Village, Bailu Township, Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province, there is a pattern of "Fu" left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The figure is a regular rectangle with a length of about 100 cm and a width of about 75 cm. Carved in the center of the front wall of the main hall. The whole picture is vigorous and smooth, showing a neatly written and flexible word "Fu". On the top left of the word is painted "Zhuan Lu", and there is a bat spreading its wings below.
According to the transliteration of Hakka dialect, this "deer" is Luye; Bats are a blessing to the people. It means "Fu Lu is connected, and wealth is long"; On the upper right of the word is a crane's head and neck and a flying auspicious cloud, followed by the word "Tian". The flying crane symbolizes longevity, while the word "Tian" represents multi-layered meanings such as farmland, land and farming, and its unchanging glyph shows people's yearning and dependence on land ownership. Looking at the overall situation, it is not difficult to remind people of the world's desire for a happy life of "happiness starts from the edge of the field, life starts from the ground, and you don't forget to plow when you have a noble salary."
Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on. In the past, there was a folk saying that "on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, every family wrote big characters". In the past, the word "Fu" was mostly handwritten, but now it is sold in markets and shops because it is a symbol of good luck.
[Edit this paragraph] Invert the blessing.
During the Spring Festival, every household has to put large and small "blessings" on doors, walls and lintels, but when putting them on, many people are confused about whether to put them upside down or upside down. Folklore experts say that the taste of the year is like the word "fu". Don't pay attention to the form, you can paste it in any way. As long as you feel happy, that is everyone's heart. Many people think that the word "Fu" should be reversed, which means "Fu Dao". In fact, this is a kind of "lip service" mistake. In traditional folk customs, there are only three situations in which the word "blessing" can be pasted upside down: first, someone encountered a major disaster last year and would paste it upside down in order to turn his luck around; Second, the word "fu" on the toilet, footbath, spittoon and trash can is pasted backwards, indicating that bad things are poured out; The third situation is just to please.
Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. According to Liang Lu's Dream, "When I was young, I would visit department stores, draw door gods and spend the Spring Festival ..."; "Scholars, big or small, must sweep the floor, clean the family, change the door gods, hang Zhong Xu, nail peaches, stick spring cards and worship their ancestors." The "spring card" in this article is the word "fu" written on red paper.
The word "fu" is now interpreted as "happiness", but in the past it meant "good luck" and "good luck". No matter now or in the past, the word "Fu" posted in the Spring Festival has pinned people's yearning for a happy life and wishes for a better future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, the people simply turn the word "blessing" upside down, indicating that "blessing has fallen" and "blessing has arrived" There is also a legend that the word "fu" is posted upside down among the people. Ming Taizu used the word "Fu" as a code word to prepare for murder. In order to eliminate this disaster, kind Ma Huanghou asked all the families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is posted on every door. If one of the families can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to the streets to check and found that every family had posted the word "Fu", and another family had posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. Seeing that something was wrong, Ma Huanghou quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "My family knew that you were visiting today and deliberately put the word' Fu' upside down. Isn't this the meaning of "blessed road"? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.
Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on. In the past, there was a folk saying that "on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, every family wrote big characters". The word "fu" used to be handwritten, but now it is sold in markets and shops.
[Edit this paragraph] Kangxi Imperial Pen
The Royal Calligraphy of Emperor Kangxi-the Best Wealth in the World
In A.D. 1673, Kangxi wrote "Ode to Blessed Life" for his grandmother sourdrang queen, which shocked the ancient and modern times. This blessing means "many children, many talents, many professions, long life and many blessings", and it is the only blessing of "Five Blessingg in one" and "longevity in one" in ancient and modern times. Xiaozhuang "invites blessings to gather blessings" and Kangxi "gives blessings to get blessings", so this blessing is called "the first efficacious blessing in the world". Among the blessings, there is a "treasure of Kangxi's imperial pen" with a seal on it, which means "lucky strike, the lucky star shines high" ...
Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. In order to fully reflect the yearning and wishes for a happy life and a bright future, the people simply turn the word "Fu" upside down to mean "Fu is here" and "Fu is here". The "Best Happiness in the World" of Kangxi Imperial Book that we are going to introduce today is another story. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty loved calligraphy all his life, but rarely wrote inscriptions, so Kangxi's imperial brush was the least circulated among the emperors' pen and ink, and there was the saying that "Kangxi is a thousand dollars". Legend has it that there are only three words left in Kangxi's life: "inaction" and "joy".
"Inaction" exists in the Forbidden City, and the protagonist of this article "The Best Happiness in the World" exists on the tablet of "Fu" in Beijing Gongwangfu. Legend has it that Emperor Kangxi lost his mother when he was young and was raised by sourdrang dowager. However, in the heyday of Kangxi, sourdrang dowager was seriously ill. Kangxi, eager to save his grandmother, wrote filial piety into words, creating a couplet that shocked ancient and modern times. Then he recruited skilled craftsmen from all over the world, carved on a big bluestone, and carried this "Fu" tablet to the Hall of Prayer for the New Year to worship the gods. In order to show filial piety, Emperor Kangxi knelt on the tablet of "Fu" and prayed for blessings. God lived, and sourdrang dowager miraculously recovered. Emperor Kangxi invited the "Fu" tablet to return to the palace to be dedicated to the Buddha Pavilion. After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he gave "the best blessing in the world" to his favorite, Xiao Shenyang, who ordered thousands of Taihu stones to be shipped and built a dragon in the back garden of his mansion. The location of this dragon happened to be in Long Mai, the capital of China. He hid the "Best Fortune in the World" in the dragon cave and sacrificed it carefully. Since the reform and opening up, National Cultural Heritage Administration has renovated the "Fu" monument and listed it as one of the "Three Wonders of China". Many overseas celebrities come here to seek happiness and honor their elders with rubbing axes. Foreign heads of state visiting China have also come here for "the best happiness in the world". The extension of the word "Fu" has also become one of the national gifts, and it has been given to distinguished guests at home and abroad, and the gospel of China has been spread since then. However, due to the use of herbs in rubbings, stone tablets will be weathered for a long time if they are not restricted. Therefore, the relevant state departments have sealed the stone tablet with a glass cover and prohibited rubbing. Look at this blessing written by Emperor Kangxi. It is vigorous and powerful. The strokes in the upper right corner are similar to the word "Duo", with "Tian" below and "Shou" on the right. Therefore, this word contains the profound meaning of "many children, many talents, many clothes, many fields, many blessings and many lives". What is more precious is that the seal of Kangxi Imperial Seal is directly engraved on the top of the monument, which is incomparable to other historical sites, so the word "Fu" cannot be posted backwards. According to legend, whoever can give this "the best blessing in the world" back to the old people will certainly add happiness and longevity to the old people. Please pay attention to the word "fu" when you come back. On New Year's Eve, you should worship incense with clean hands every day and touch the word "Fu" with your hands at night. From bottom to top, the higher you touch, the longer you live. On the fifteenth day of the first month, you must put it away and hide it in the depths. This is the so-called "touching blessings in the new year will increase your life." It can be hung again on Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve next year.