Mr. Ma Yifu is a master of Chinese traditional culture in my country and a great master of his generation. He is talented and has a photographic memory, so he is called a "child prodigy". He is a native of Shaoxing and was born in a scholarly family. The following is a brief introduction of Ma Yifu, a master of traditional Chinese culture, that I collected and compiled. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Introduction to Ma Yifu, a master of Chinese studies
Mr. Ma Yifu (1883? 1967), a master of Chinese studies and a generation of Confucianism, has written extensively throughout his life and is known as the "Grand Master of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Philosophy"; Zhou Enlai once called him "China's contemporary master of Neo-Confucianism"; he was the first person in China to introduce Marx's "Das Kapital"; he was a poet and calligrapher.
Mr. Ma Yifu's first name is Fu, his childhood name is Futian, his courtesy name is Yifo, and his last name is Yifu. His nickname is Zhanweng, and his aliases include Juanweng, Juansou, and Mr. Juanxi. He is male, Han nationality, and a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. When he was young, he read and could recite, and he was called a child prodigy at that time. He took the Zhejiang Provincial Examination at an early age and ranked first. Later, together with Ma Junwu and Xie Wuliang, he founded the "Twentieth Century Translation World" in Shanghai to spread Western culture, and his articles were sometimes praised as "world-wide".
In 1899, he went to Shanghai to study English, French and Latin. In June 1903, he went to the United States to host the Chinese Office of Supervision of Overseas Students, and later went to Germany and Spain to study foreign languages. In 1904, he traveled east to Japan to study Japanese; in 1911, he returned to China and agreed with the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen. He often wrote articles to promote Western progressive ideas. After the Revolution of 1911, he devoted himself to academic research. He had profound attainments in ancient philosophy, literature, and Buddhism. He was also proficient in calligraphy. He combined Zhangcao and Hanli into one, and became a school of his own. Cai Yuanpei once invited him to teach at Peking University, and Chiang Kai-shek offered him an official position, but he refused. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he was invited by Zhu Kezhen to serve as a professor at Zhejiang University and went to Jiangxi and Guangxi to give lectures. In the summer of 1939, during the Anti-Japanese War, he founded the "Fuxing Academy" in Leshan, Sichuan, and served as president and lecturer.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the director of the Zhejiang Literature and History Research Institute in 1953 and the deputy director of the Central Literature and History Research Institute in 1964; he was a special invitee of the second and third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. represent.
Mr. Ma Yifu is good at calligraphy. He has all kinds of calligraphy, including inscriptions and calligraphy. He is especially good at running cursive and official script. His cursive writing is sharp and sharp, and his composition is clear and elegant. Most of the horizontal strokes are in an upward direction, which seems to be a simple and rigid method. Clumsy is full of cleverness, and his style is ancient. The official script takes the essence and uses it to form a grand style. The writing style is characterized by its gentleness and elegant structure. He is also good at sealing, simple, lush and full of charm.
Mr. Ma Yifu is an expert in poetry and loves to sing. He has profound knowledge in philology, classical literature and philosophy, and can speak six foreign languages: French, English, German, Japanese, Russian and Spanish. He has written many works, mainly including Taihe Huiyu, Yishan Huiyu, Fuxing Shuzi Lectures, Eryatai Answers and Questions, Eryatai Answers and Questions, Continuation of Eryatai Answers and Questions, Commentary on Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and Ma Yifu Seal Engraving. "Jianxizhai Buddhist Treatise", "Jianxizhai Poems Chronicle", "Avoiding Bandits", "Zhu Xi's Reading Method", etc. were compiled by later generations into "Ma Yifu Collection".
There is a memorial hall for Ma Yifu built in the Jiang Family Villa in West Lake, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province?
The experience of Ma Yifu, a master of Chinese studies
In 1887, he learned to read Tang poetry from Mr. He Xuzhou .
In 1888, he returned to his native place of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province with his parents, and lived in Houzhuang Village, Changtang, Dongguan, Shaoxing (now Shangyu County).
In 1892, his father hired Zheng Motian to teach his son. Zheng gave Ma Yifu his scientific name, Futian. In 1898, he ranked first in the county examination.
In 1899, the Zhejiang social sage Tang Shouqian (who served as the governor of Zhejiang during the Republic of China) saw his article and praised it greatly. He praised his daughter Tang Xiao as a pity for his wife. In the same year, he went to Shanghai to study English, French and Latin.
In 1901, he co-organized "Translation World" with Ma Junwu and Xie Wuliang.
In 1902, his wife died of illness and he determined not to marry for the rest of his life.
In 1903, he studied in North America and studied Western European literature. He pre-edited "Four Histories of European Literature" and other works.
Returning to China in 1911, he agreed with the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen and often wrote articles to promote Western progressive ideas.
In 1928, he wrote "Preface to the Collection of Nursing Paintings" for Feng Zikai.
In 1938, at the invitation of Zhu Kezhen, the president of Zhejiang University, he went to Zhejiang University in Taihe, Jiangxi, to give a "special lecture" in the name of the master. The lecture notes were later compiled into "Taihe Huiyu". Composed the school song for Zhejiang University. In the same year, he followed Zhejiang University to Guilin and then to Yishan, where he continued to lecture at Zhejiang University. The lecture notes were compiled into "Yishan Huiyu".
In 1939, he prepared to establish Fuxing Academy in Sichuan and served as the dean and lecturer.
In 1943, he compiled and edited his own poems over the years, including "The Preface Collection of Juexizhai Poems", "Chronological Collection of Juixizhai Poems", "Fang Du Ci Nu", etc.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1946, he returned to Hangzhou and continued to engage in book engraving in the name of the academy’s lecturer and editor-in-chief. In 1953, he served as director of Zhejiang Museum of Literature and History. In 1964, he served as deputy director of the Central Museum of Literature and History.
He suffered from massive stomach bleeding in 1967, and later developed various diseases. He died in Hangzhou on June 2.
Evaluation by Ma Yifu, a master of Chinese studies
The study of modern Confucianism and its representatives is very popular in academic circles at home and abroad. Among them, the so-called New Confucianism, which constructs its own system and integrates Western learning, is very popular. Representative figures of ?, such as Liang Shuming, Xiong Shili, Feng Youlan, He Lin, Tang Junyi, Mou Zongsan, etc., have published a large number of research papers and monographs and are widely known. However, Ma Yifu, whom Zhou Enlai called "China's contemporary master of Neo-Confucianism"①, is rarely mentioned. The reason may be related to the fact that Ma Yifu never pioneered new things, let alone constructed his own system, but always silently studied Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties, practiced the spirit of traditional Chinese culture, lived in the back alleys, and did not seek to be educated. . From the perspective of today's scholars who are focusing on "new" theory, Ma Yifu seems to be partial to "remaining consistent" and has not made many new inventions about traditional Confucianism, so he has not paid attention to and studied it.
In fact, Ma Yifu was as famous a Confucian scholar as Liang Shuming, Xiong Shili and others in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. His profound research and experience on traditional Confucian culture, especially Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties, was recognized by people at the time. As we all know, Xiong Shili rarely praises others, but he praised Ma Yifu and said: "Mr. Ma is wise and far-sighted" (Volume 2 of "Shi Li Yu Yao" "With He Changqun"). He Lin commented: "Mr. Ma possesses the three qualities of poetry, etiquette, teachings, and philosophy that should be possessed by orthodox Chinese Confucians. He can be said to be the only remaining fruit that represents traditional Chinese culture." ? He also said: ? He is especially capable of great insight, insight into righteousness, harmony and understanding, and no obstacles. ? (Chapter 1 of "Contemporary Chinese Philosophy," "Adjustment and Development of Chinese Philosophy") Therefore, studying and analyzing Ma Yifu's ideological direction is also very meaningful for grasping the overall development of modern Confucianism.
Ma Yifu, whose single name is Fu, is his given name, and his nickname is Zhanweng. He is also signed by Juexi Laoren, Juansou, etc. He is a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. Born in the ninth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1883)① died in 1967. He had read poetry and books since childhood. In 1898, when he was sixteen years old, he took the county examination and ranked first in Kuaiji County. ② When he was young, he traveled with his fellow villagers Ma Junwu and Ma Xulun. They were in their prime, each shouldering the responsibility of taking care of the world. However, soon after, Ma Yibu hid himself in a back alley and spent his days hanging out with the ancients, disdainful of worldly affairs. (Quoted from Ma Xulun: "The Remaining Stone House", Chapter Ma Junwu) From about 1912 or 1913 until the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, he had been living alone in Hangzhou, living in a back alley, concentrating on the study of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism and other traditional Chinese cultures. In his essay "Bad Alley", the famous painter Feng Zikai called Ma Yifu "the Yan Zi (Yuan) of this world" and described his feelings when he visited Ma Yifu's residence for the third time in 1933 (the first time was in February 2016). Ten years ago) said: Mr. ? is still living alone in the old house in the shady alley, his eyes are still tracing the strong and strong lines and shining brightly, and he is still talking and laughing happily. ? (Quoted from "Collection of Essays of Yuanyuantang", Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House, 1983 edition) This emotionally charged text vividly depicts Ma Yifu's spirit of never tired of preaching in the past twenty years.