A style of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Shaped in a square shape. Usually four-foot rice paper is cut into two pieces, two feet high and two feet wide. You can also cut the four-foot rice paper into eight pieces, which is called "xiaopin doufang" or "doufang Xiaopin".
Doufang is a square work written in vertical lines. The written content is generally four to six lines. Because there are many rows and columns, the layout of the chapter should place great emphasis on the size, opening and closing, echo and rhythm changes of the upper, lower, left and right sides. When creating, pay attention to the primary and secondary relationship between the main text and the inscription. The inscription is generally smaller than the main text and should be natural and vivid. The signature can be written below the last line of text, and there should be room for layout. The bottom of the paragraph is generally not flush with the main text to avoid rigidity in form. You can also occupy another line or two lines after the main text, and the top and bottom should not be flush with the main text. The seal should be smaller than the character and should be separated by more than one character.
⒉Three-opening
A style of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Rectangular in shape, varying sizes. If four feet of rice paper is cut into three parts, it is called four feet and three parts. If five feet of rice paper is used and cut into three parts, it is called five feet and three parts. By analogy, the same three-foot-long painting has different sizes. A four-foot three-foot painting is generally a three-foot screen (actually it is two feet seven inches, one-third of an eight-square-meter city square). Five feet three squares is one-third of twelve square feet, and the area of ??each square is four feet.
⒊Opposite frame
A style of mounting Chinese calligraphy and painting. Usually two paintings are hung in pairs. For example, calligraphy pairs are called "character pairs" or "couples". Ming and Qing paintings have "painting pairs", which are two screen strips of equal size hung in pairs. There are also hanging scroll paintings in the middle of the hall, with "pairs of characters" hanging on both sides, or hanging scrolls of calligraphy in the middle, and "pairs of paintings" hanging on both sides.
⒋Nave
The nave is a rectangular work with vertical writing. The size is generally a piece of rice paper (divided into four feet, five feet, six feet, eight feet, etc., of which the small nave is 68CM×45CM). Because the size is relatively large, it requires the creator to have sophisticated techniques and the ability to grasp the overall layout of the work. When creating, pay attention to the primary and secondary relationship between the text and the signature, so that they are differentiated and shine accordingly. Don't be too pretentious when signing your signature. The signature can be written below the last line of text, and there should be room for layout. The bottom of the paragraph is generally not flush with the main text to avoid rigidity in form. You can also occupy another line or several lines after the main text. The top and bottom should not be flush with the main text. The seal should be smaller than the inscription, and the seal should generally be placed at least one character away from the inscription, either below the inscription or to the left of the inscription.
⒌Banners
Banners are long works written in vertical lines. The size is generally one piece of rice paper cut into half. When arranging the composition, you should be able to carefully conceive according to the characteristics of the book style and have a new idea. When creating, pay attention to the primary and secondary relationship between the text and the signature. The signature should be well-proportioned, natural and vivid. The signature can be written below the last line of text, and there should be room for layout. The bottom of the paragraph is generally not flush with the main text to avoid rigidity in form. You can also occupy another line or two lines after the main text. The top and bottom should not be flush with the main text. The seal should be smaller than the inscription, and the seal usually needs to be placed at least one character away from the inscription. It can also be stamped to the left of the inscription.
⒍Couplets
Couplets, also known as couplets. It is divided into upper and lower couplets, the one on the right is the upper couplet and the one on the left is the lower couplet. The size of the upper and lower couplets can be the same as the banner, larger or smaller than the banner. The writing content of couplets is extremely strict. They can only be antithetical sentences (the upper and lower couplets have an equal number of words, are opposite each other, and ordinary words do not appear repeatedly), including couplets (commonly known as couplets) and the middle two couplets in rhymed poetry (jaw couplets and neck couplets). . Commonly used couplets include five or seven characters, and some may have as few as three characters per couplet, as many as several crosses, or as many as hundreds of characters per couplet. Rhymed poetry is divided into two types: five-character and seven-character. When arranging the composition of five-character and seven-character couplets, the upper and lower couplets should be written vertically in the center on a single line. Dual sentences with a cross or above should be written in two or more lines (pay attention to the order of writing, from right to left in the upper couplet and from left to right in the second couplet. Double paragraphs should be placed at the end of the upper and lower couplets respectively, and the paragraph characters should be slightly higher than bottom of text). The position of the upper and lower couplets should generally be basically parallel. Handle the changes in the size and expansion of the upper and lower characters within a couplet, as well as the echo between the upper and lower couplets, so that the upper and lower couplets become a whole.
The signature of couplets below the cross is divided into upper and lower styles and single style.
The upper paragraph is written on the right side of the upper line, and the lower paragraph is written on the left side of the second line. The first paragraph generally writes the author of the poem, the title of the poem, etc. For example, the lower paragraph of "Huang Tingjian's Poems on Deng Kuaige" writes the name and number of the author, as well as the place and time of writing. For example, if the work "Bingzi Xiantang Shu in Beijing" is a gift, the first couplet must state the recipient's name, title, Yazheng, Huicun, Qingshang, etc. For example, if "Ms. Wenying Huicun" is a work that someone asked you to write, write the name or number of the person who asked you to write it on the first couplet, plus the title plus "Instruction Letter" and other words. The single paragraph is usually written in the upper middle position on the left side of the second line. The content of the inscription includes the writing time and the author's name, or just the author's name or number. The seals should be placed below the inscriptions, generally on two sides, and there should be an appropriate distance between the seals.