What is the development process of stone arch bridge in China?

Chinese stone arch bridge occupies an important position in the history of bridges in the world. The famous ancient stone bridges are Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, Fujian, Zhao Zhouqiao in Hebei and Lugou Bridge in Beijing. Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, formerly known as "Wan 'an Bridge", is located on Luoyang River in the eastern suburb of Quanzhou, Fujian Province. It is the earliest existing cross-sea beam stone bridge in China. In the Song Dynasty, Cai Xiang, the magistrate of Quanzhou, presided over the bridge construction project, which lasted for seven years from 1053 to 1059, and cost silver1400,000, and this big stone bridge across the river and across the sea was built. This bridge is made of granite. When it was first built, the bridge was 360 feet long and 1.5 feet wide, with statues of soldiers separated on both sides. This bridge-building project is famous for its huge scale and superb technology.

There are many stone inscriptions in the past dynasties near Qiaozhongting, including cliff stone carvings in Song Dynasty, such as "An Lan through the ages". There are Zhao Hui Temple and Town Temple in the north of the bridge; There is Caixiang Temple in the south of the bridge, and the famous Song tablet of Caixiang Wan 'an Bridge stands in the temple, which is known as the "three wonders" of calligraphy, writing and sculpture. Luoyang Bridge is the beginning of the raft foundation of bridges in the world. Zhao Zhouqiao, Hebei Province, also known as "Anji Bridge", is located on the Weihe River five miles south of Zhao County, Hebei Province. Zhao county was called "Zhaozhou" in ancient times, hence its name. Zhao Zhouqiao was designed and built by Li Chun, a stonemason in Sui Dynasty, with a history of nearly 1400 years. It is the oldest and most magnificent stone arch bridge in the world. Zhao Zhouqiao only used a single-hole stone arch to cross the Weihe River. The stone arch bridge spans 37.7 meters, connecting the south and north bridges, with a total length of 50.82 meters. Taking such a huge span was an unprecedented initiative at that time. What's more, there are two small stone arches on the two shoulders of the large stone arch, which changed the traditional architectural form of filling large arch rings with sand and gravel in the past and created the world's first "split-shoulder arch" new bridge type. This is an amazing scientific invention, which is unique in the world for a long time. Beijing Lugou Bridge, located on Yongding River in the southwest suburb of Beijing, is a stone bridge. The bridge was completed in 1 189 and 1 192. It was repaired in Yuan and Ming Dynasties and rebuilt in Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty. The total length of the bridge is 212.2m, with 1 1 holes. The net span and lift of each hole are not equal, the side hole is small, and the middle hole is gradually enlarged. The whole bridge has 10 piers with widths ranging from 5.3m to 7.25m.. There are stone fences on both sides of the bridge deck, and the column height is1.40m.. There are 485 stone lions carved on each stigma, squatting, squatting, stroking or hugging. Stone railings are embedded between the stone pillars, with a height of 0.85 meters. At both ends of the bridge, there are China watches, imperial steles and inscriptions. There are square white marble pavilions at both ends of the bridge, and the dragon carving on each pavilion column is extremely fine. Lugou Bridge is famous for its exquisite stone carving art. Italian Kyle? Kyle of Poirot? The book "A Journey to Polo" has a detailed record of this bridge.