Yang charm, whose word is Wen Qing and whose character is Bo Qiang, is the thirteenth generation grandson of Yang Duan, the originator of Yang who entered Bozhou in the third year of Tang Xizong Ganfu (AD 876). Charming is the son of Yang Shi, and he was adopted by his uncle Yang Ke as an heir in his childhood. Being eager to learn and believing in Confucian classics, a teenager is ambitious. In the early years of Jiatai in Song Ningzong (AD 121), he attacked the ambassador of Bozhou and was in charge of broadcasting for more than 3 years. He was a very successful ZTE figure in the history of Bozhou.
In the second year of Song Kaixi (AD 126), Jin Bing invaded and captured Tongguan, and after entering Shaanxi, Sichuan Xuanfu made Wu Xi rebel, committing treason and investing in gold. In the first month of the following year, he became the "King of Shu" and became the son emperor of Jin people. With a strong patriotic enthusiasm, Yang charm condemned Wu Xi's capitulation and secession, decided to lead a crusade, and the army was about to start. Wu Xi was executed in Xingyuan Pseudo Palace. In order to support the Anti-Japanese War, Yang charm paid the imperial court 3 war horses and tens of thousands of taels of yellow, white, gold and silver, "to help the country use", and at the same time suggested that the imperial court should take advantage of the victory and "make a massive northern expedition, and be ashamed of the snow first". In the twelfth year of Jiading (AD 1219), in order to continue to support the war against gold, it was said that "three hundred horses were lost to Shu Shuai, and Shu Shuai heard about it, and it was better for him". Mu Yongzhong, the "Nanping Yi", took advantage of the autumn of state turmoil to invade a large number of "public fields" and raised troops to crusade, "cutting Yongzhong and returning to his fields". Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yang family in Bozhou has been in civil strife for power and land. Yang Huan, the younger brother of the family, lived in the land of "Xiayang", tore up the agreement of "abandoning war" and "violated the alliance and plundered the world", and the people were in trouble. "Sending troops to punish" returned all the land and rent plundered by Yang Huan to Zhenzhou, and unified the land of Xiayang by force, ending the chaotic situation of long-term division of Bozhou. Later, "Nanping Min chieftain Wei Gui killed his father to stand on his own feet", and he sent troops to suppress it. "He was defeated by Dianchi Lake (now Huili, Sichuan Province), beheaded thousands of times, opened up 7 miles of land, and won thousands of armored battles from cattle and sheep." In many foreign wars, under the banner of "defending morality", Yang Xie plundered a large number of wealth and serfs and expanded the territory of Bozhou with the help of martial arts. Therefore, historians of later generations commented that Bozhou spread to Zhen, and "the frontier was sealed from the beginning".
Yang charm is famous for his "civil and military talents" in governing Bozhou. Historical records say that he is "filial and frugal in nature, generous and simple in governing politics, and convenient for the people". Due to the implementation of a more liberal domestic policy, it is not demanding, and the society in Bozhou is stable, production is developing, and wealth is increasing. He inherited the traditions of Yang Xuan, his ancestor, and Yang Shi, his father, to "cultivate scholars in build house" and "pay attention to art and literature", advocating Confucianism, building scholars and building temples, and "repairing Confucianism, Lin Palace, Brahma Monastery and Bridge Road in Zhaoxiu County". Many scholars, monks and Taoist priests spread their studies and religions in Bozhou, and each got his place. "Wen Yang Tombstone" praised Yang charm: "Scholars' feathers are all called that they like Confucianism and are good at etiquette, and they are good at virtue." The civil administration advocated by him accelerated the process of civilization in Bozhou, a barren land in the south. "Children and grandchildren are good at following the rope, respecting the knowledge of Elo; Take care of words and deeds, just like the customs of Zou Lu ",Bozhou" local customs have changed greatly ",and there has been a good situation of" just like the Chinese cultural relics ". Yang charm is a heroic figure who initiated the "prosperous time of broadcasting state". While developing culture, he vigorously revitalized the military and ruled the army, implemented the farming policy, and organized and trained a local armed force that "incorporated soldiers into agriculture". Implementing the policy of "farming and fighting, and getting rich in Qiang Bing". This well-trained, well-organized team is very brave in several internal and external campaigns, and it has greatly strengthened and consolidated its dominant position by attacking Bike and Junwei Town. His descendants inherited and carried forward this set of effective military management skills. When Yang Jia and Yang Wenzhi broadcast, in order to fight against the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and defend the country, the heroic army of Bozhou galloped on the southwest battlefield, and was independent in many expeditionary operations and repeatedly made outstanding achievements, which was praised as "the screen of the country" by the court.
In his later years, Yang charm took Confucian moral thoughts as the criterion, summed up his life-long ruling experience, wrote Ten Family Instructions, and carved stones to show his descendants. Wen Ri: "Do my duty, honor filial piety, guard the Qiu, protect the territory, be frugal, distinguish the virtuous, be fair and forgiving, be public and like, be extravagant, and be careful with punishment." These 1 family precepts have been rated as "teaching with fame and wealth, benefiting future generations" by later generations. Yang charm died in the period of Song Shaoding, and became a doctor of Wuyi. Because the descendants served the battlefield in the Anti-Japanese War, the Song Dynasty repeatedly sealed and conferred posthumous titles on Yang charm, giving titles such as Right Wu Dafu, Jizhou Secretariat, General Zuo Wei, and Zhongzhou Defense Envoy, and "giving the temple loyalty and loyalty, and sealing Wei Yi Hou".
He Tengjiao
He Tengjiao (1592-1649), a native of Liping Prefecture, Guizhou Province, was born with a scholarly family. Grandfather He Zhiqing, a Ming Jiajing gongsheng, was the main book of Kaixian County in Kuizhou Prefecture, Sichuan Province. His father, He Dongfeng, was a tribute student in Wanli of Ming Dynasty, and was a former Xinzhou Xuezheng in Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Legend has it that when Teng Jiao was born, the villagers "suddenly saw the golden double carp fly into He Zhai and disappear in an instant, and everyone took Teng Jiao as a magical fish in the well". Legend has it that the villagers respect Teng Jiao.
when Teng jiao is a little longer, he studies with his father. Father's training class is very strict. One day, when he asked the book, his father was angry. He raised an inkstone and hit Teng Jiao on the head, and scolded him, "I have no regrets if I am not taught." Therefore, Teng Jiao made unremitting efforts, passed the examination of a scholar, and "tried to be the best at the age of 2". However, after taking the provincial township examination, he failed. In the examination, he was placed in the fourth class because his article stabbed the current politics. My father was furious when he heard this, and his mother, Mrs. Liao, secretly informed people not to go home. Teng jiao then hid in the home of Mr. Li Jingxi, who sold books, and studied in tears. Later, I went to Neijiang to go to my cousin Qijiao and wanted to find a job for my brother. Since Jiao knew his purpose and wanted to stimulate him to make progress, he ordered the gatekeeper not to let him in and gave him a copy of Hundred Classics and a copper coin. Feeling ashamed, Teng Jiao went back to his hometown and stayed in Tianxiang Pavilion, the south spring mountain outside the county, studying hard and working tirelessly day and night to hone his ambition.
Tomorrow, in the first year (AD 1621), after the provincial examination in Guizhou, due to the death of his father, his family was poor, and Teng Jiao hesitated for a long time. Thanks to the help of Mr. Li Jingxi, a bookstore, he set off for the provincial capital to try and get a juror. He first served as an Oracle in Yuci County, Shanxi Province, and later served as a county magistrate in Jiexiu, Fenyang, Nanyang, Henan Province and Daxing, Shaanxi Province. Teng Jiao ruled Nanyang, and the "bandits" made an insurrection. He adopted the policy of "suppressing and comforting" to help the people, and once rode alone to appease and surrender the enemy, making the four sides safe, so he was famous.
in the 11th year of worshiping the frame (AD 1638), the imperial court promoted him to be the head of the Ministry of War and Yuan Wailang. In December, Shanxi Koubei garrison road was transferred. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Chongqi, he was ordered to serve as the garrison road in Yunyang, Hubei Province. After being "worried by his mother", he resigned and returned to Li. In addition to the filial piety, Huai Xu was appointed as a soldier. During his term of office, all of them are known for their "talent and sensitivity", honesty, diligence and love for the people.
In March of the 16th year of Chongqi (A.D. 1643), Shi Kefa, the governor-general, strongly recommended him to be appointed as the right capital's suggestion and governor of Huguang on behalf of Wang Jukui. Zuo Shi refers to Zuo Liangyu, the company commander stationed in Huguang, who is heavily armed. At that time, Hubei was occupied by the peasant rebel army, and there was only one county in Wuchang. Zuo Liangyu's army was undisciplined and arrogant. Someone advised Teng Jiao not to go, and Teng Jiao said, "The country raised officials and set up officials, which was originally to save the crisis and should be immortal for thousands of years; "Today, I live in fear of death. Is it the responsibility of people and ministers?" So he generously went to his post. After he arrived, he did all the side work all day, without asking questions. And Zuo Liangyu also took Teng Jiao's prestige, accepted it wholeheartedly, and was able to live in peace. In the spring of the following year, Hui Dengxiang was sent, Mao Xianwen restored De 'an House and Suizhou, and Wuchang was stabilized.
After the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan and made Beijing its capital, it adopted a brutal policy of ethnic oppression. On the one hand, it wooed the Han bureaucrats and landlords, and * * * suppressed the peasant rebels; On the one hand, it forced the Han residents in Beijing to move out of Beijing, and promulgated the order of enclosure, the order of shaving hair, and the escape law, in an attempt to rule China by violence, thus further intensifying ethnic conflicts.
In May of the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), some bureaucratic landlords of the Ming Dynasty established Fu Wang in Nanjing to establish the Hong Guang regime, and called for "returning to their homeland to honor their ancestors" to resist the Qing army's southward movement. Officers and men from all over the country responded one after another, and people everywhere pinned their hopes on this regime to restore the rivers and mountains of the motherland and save the people. However, Hong Guang's imperial court was corrupt, Fu Wang only knew pleasure, and there was serious party struggle among feudal rulers, so the political power was extremely unstable. In June of the same year, Fu Wang sent letters to Chu. At that time, Zuo Liangyu was stationed in Hanyang Mansion, with 7, or 8, troops. His subordinates had objections and refused to open the letters, so they deliberately intervened in the state affairs. Teng Jiao said: "The safety of the country depends on this. If I don't serve the imperial edict, I should die for it. " Go to Liangyu's residence with a sword. At that time, Lu Ding, the official in charge of discipline in Zuo Liangyu, also argued for the country's fortunes, and showed Zuo Liangyu a sense of honor before opening the imperial edicts as a ceremony, thus temporarily settling down the political situation. In August of the same year, Fu Wang ordered Jiateng Jiao's Ministry of War to wait for Lang and caress Hunan. In winter and November, Teng Jiao was ordered to serve as the former governor of Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. Soon, in the name of "Qingjun side", Zuo Liangyu planned to send troops to the East to punish Ma Shiying, a university student in Dongge, and Ruan Da-yue, a minister of the Ministry of War, to start a civil war and destroy themselves. Teng Jiao tried to dissuade him in order to take care of the overall situation. Liangyu didn't listen, but plundered and killed the people in the city, and threatened Teng Jiao's peers. When the boat reached Hanyangmen, Teng Jiao jumped into the river and drifted for more than ten miles, and was rescued by fishing boats. People near and far believe that Teng Jiao will not die after entering the water for three days and nights, so the people are more convinced of him. After Tengjiao bypassed Liuyang and arrived in Changsha, Hunan Province, he called his subordinates to discuss the strategy of resisting the Qing Dynasty and defending the war. To block Yin-xi as governor of Hubei, Fu Shangrui as governor of Hunan, and Zhang Kuang as governor's army supervisor ... The soldiers led by Huang Chaoxuan, Zhang Xianbi and Liu Chengyin were transferred and gathered in Changsha successively, which was a slight boost. At this time, Zuo Liangyu had died of illness on the way to Jiujiang, and his son Zuo Menggeng was later cleared.
In May of the second year of Shunzhi (AD 1645), the Qing army occupied Nanjing, Fu Wang was captured, and the Hong Guang regime was destroyed. Then the towns to which Susong belonged in the south of the Yangtze River were successively occupied by the Qing army. In April of the same year, Zhu Yujian, the king of the Tang Dynasty, was located in Fuzhou, with the name Longwu. When Tang Wang lived in Nanyang, he was known as Teng Jiao Xian, and entrusted him with an important task, adding the official title of Teng Jiao Dushi.
in April this year, Li Zicheng was killed, and the remnants of the peasant army were led by Hao Yaoqi, Liu Tiren, Yuan Zongdi, Li Jin and Yigong Gao respectively. * * * About 4.5 million people, heading for Jingxiang. The rebel army is disciplined and supported by the local people. They suddenly lost their coach and realized that the enemy was at present, so they should unite with the Ming Dynasty loyalists to fight against the Qing soldiers. The peasant army moved southward from Yuezhou to Xiangyin, hundreds of miles away from Changsha. It did not compete with the Ming army, and informed the Ming army that it was willing to submit to the commander-in-chief of He Tengjiao, expressing its hope to unite with each other and resist the strong enemy. He Tengjiao sent Wan Dapeng to lead several riders to Hao Yaoqi camp to discuss cooperation conditions. Waving flags and so on, he led 5 thousand peasant troops to Changsha. Teng Jiao was frank and comforting, feasted and enjoyed himself, and rewarded the official cattle wine. Waving the flag, Yuan Zongdi, Lin Zicheng, Niu Youyong and others were summoned to lead the rebels to return. Tengjiao's troops suddenly increased by more than 1 thousand, which was a great shock.
Soon, Li Jin and Yigong Gao rallied hundreds of thousands of people to force Changde, and Teng Jiao ordered Du Yinxi to accept them and settle them in Jingzhou. Since then, Li Jin has followed Teng Jiao wholeheartedly, and hundreds of thousands of peasants have returned to Teng Jiao for restraint. Later, Ming generals Lu Ding, Ma Jinzhong and Wang Yuncheng also took orders from Teng Jiao. The armies gathered together, claiming to be millions. Tang Wangli worshipped Teng Jiao as a university student in Dongge and a minister of the Ministry of War, and was appointed as Xing Bo, the governor of military affairs in Henan, Chu, Qin, Shu and Guangdong, and still supervised the division. And ordered to recover Jiangxi first, and then recover the south. He Tengjiao commanded more than 1, peasant troops, stationed in various parts of Hunan, and shouldered the heavy responsibility of resisting the attack of the Qing army. In the north of Huguang, Li Jin and Yigong Gao led 18 battalions with more than 3, people, which were renamed Loyalty Camp and were under the jurisdiction of Duyin Tin. He Tengjiao slightly adapted these peasant armies, and they were still under the command of the original peasant army generals, and were stationed in the area of Huguang Jingxiang, with a total number of thirteen towns, that is, the thirteen armies of Jingxiang that people praised. Soon, they were in close contact with the peasant armies in eastern Sichuan, and developed into thirteen armies in eastern Kuidong, which contained a considerable number of Qing troops in the war of resistance.
after the thirteen armies of Jingxiang joined forces with the Ming army, the momentum of the Ming army suddenly became strong. In the spring of 1646, the Qing government sent troops to attack Huguang. He Tengjiao led an army from Changsha and defeated the Qing army in Yuezhou. Soon, he won several battles in Tengxi, Xiangyin and other places, so that the Qing army could not invade south for a while, and the Longwu regime was able to establish a country calmly in Fuzhou.
He Tengjiao has been guarding Changsha for three years, and the military discipline is strict, so the soldiers dare not disobey. At that time, when the plague was prevalent, he "hanged the orphan" and "gave advice", and the people were temporarily revived. And he eats coarse grains, wild vegetables and wears patched clothes. At that time, the salary was insufficient, so he appointed Zhang Kuang to establish the salary, increase the land rent, pre-levy the commissary for two years, confiscate the property of rich households, set up a casting bureau to cast money, and levy salt tax to finance the salary. What is commendable is to build a literary field in the midst of the war and chaos, and to open a branch to take scholars, so that the two lakes will not waste string songs and the political situation will be temporarily stable.
in August p>1646, Emperor Long and his empress were unfortunately captured by the Qing army in Tingzhou and died in Fuzhou. When the news came, Teng Jiao was greatly saddened, and he made great efforts to protect the environment as usual.
When the news of Emperor Long's martyrdom reached Wuzhou, the governor of Guangxi, Qu Shizhen, and others immediately returned to Zhaoqing to establish Wang Gui Zhu Youlang as the throne, changing the title of the year to Yongli, making Bai Tengjiao a university student in Wuyingdian and adding Prince Taibao. At that time, Wang Jincai kept Yiyang, and Wen Qingjun gradually forced him to withdraw from Yiyang and keep Changsha. At this time, Teng Jiao was in a very difficult situation.
in February p>1647, the Qing army forced Guangdong, and Wang Gui fled from Zhaoqing to Wuzhou. The Qing army quickly captured Wuzhou, and Gui Wang ran to Guilin. At this time, Guilin was preserved only when Qu Shizhen, a university student, stuck to it and resisted tenaciously. At that time, in Huxiang area, the tenacious fighting between the thirteen armies of Jingxiang led by Governor He Tengjiao and the Qing army played an avant-garde role.
At this time, Liu Chengyin, the ambitious general commander of Wugang, took Wang Gui from Guilin to Quanzhou, went to Wugang in March, and Qu Shizhen stayed in Guilin. At that time, the traitor Kong Youde led the Qing army to attack Changsha on a large scale, and Ma Jinzhong and Wang Jincai fled in succession. He Tengjiao was lonely and rode away from Hengzhou alone. Changsha and Xiangyin were lost. In May, Tengjiao went to Yongzhou, and soon, he retired to Baiya City (now Andong County, Hunan Province).
on August 13th, the Qing army broke Wugang, and Liu Chengyin surrendered to the city. Wang Gui took the officer to Jingzhou as soon as possible and returned to Guilin in September. However, there was only one army in the city, Jiao Lian, and Teng Jiao was lonely, so he led Zhao Yinxuan and Hu Yiqing into the city to help. When it was critical, Hou Hao of Nan 'an waved his flag and suddenly gathered more than ten thousand people, shaking up and down. Waving the flag and fighting with Jiao Lian's department coincided with Lu Ding's troops. Teng Jiao mediated from it, which made Guilin stable. So Teng Jiao sent Jiao Lian, Hao Yaoqi, Lu Ding, Zhao Yinxuan and Hu Yiqing to guard Xing 'an, Lingchuan and Yining counties respectively, and the situation was slightly improved.
in November, the Qing army forced the whole state, and Teng Jiao, the governor of the five generals, went to Yingrongjiangkou personally to defend the enemy. In February of the following year, the Qing army swept down from Hunan and occupied Quanzhou and Xing 'an. Hao waved the flag and defeated Guilin, while Wang Gui went to Liuzhou and ran to Nanning. In March, Teng Jiao heard the news in Yongning and returned to Guilin. On the sixth day of April, Teng Jiao overseers Jiao Lian and Hu Yiqing refused to keep three divisions, while Teng Jiao overseers the armies and took command in the center. Hu Yiqing led his soldiers, waved his halberd and took the lead, shaking the mountains, and the Qing army was repelled. Teng Jiao followed Yan Guan and took the lead in the battle against Sanli Bridge in Xing 'an. The Qing army set up a camp in the pond, spread all over the valley, and invaded with four strands. Teng Jiao ordered Zhao Yin to lead the troops of the fifth division bravely, with many gains. Until the moment, Hu Yiqing still led his troops to continue fighting. By Sanli Bridge, all the generals were enthusiastic, and the Qing army retreated to Xing 'an. On the eighth day of the eighth day, Teng Jiao supervised the generals to go to Phoenix Ping, three miles away, and made a war with the Qing army in the pine forest. The ambush guns of the Qing army rumbled. Teng Jiao ordered the four roads to attack, and ordered Zhao Yinxuan and Hu Yiqing to lead the various towns to fight and kill, fighting for a long time, looking like they were in the rush of thunder. Zhou Jintang and Xiong Chaozuo of Biaozhen were ordered to strike horizontally from the left mountain of Fenghuang Ping, and the Qing army was defeated, and the dead mountain accumulated, so the water of Luanqiao did not flow. On the 16th, the Qing army retreated.
On May 15th, Teng Jiao commanded three armies to attack Quanzhou City, from Chenchen to Youyou.