Mythical narration plays an important role in almost all Greek literature. However, these stacks are the only manuscripts of Greek mythology paintings preserved from ancient Greece. This book contains a lot of original materials about Greek mythology (such as the genealogy of the gods), mainly heroic mythology, and is an important document for modern scholars to study ancient Greek mythology. Because Apollo dolores, who lived from 180 BC to 120 BC, completed many related works, he is now used to calling the author of this book "pseudo-Apollo dolores".
The earliest references are two of Homer's epics: Iliad and Odyssey. Other epics in this field are classified as epic integration, but these works are basically untestable so far. Although the original name of this collection is Homer's Hymns, it has nothing to do with Homer. They are actually hymns handed down from the early days, called lyrics. Hesiod, a poet in Homer's basic period, recorded the early Greek myths about the formation of the world, the origin of gods, Titan and giant, as well as the myths about detailed genealogy, folklore and the history of human diseases in his work "Divine Spectrum". Hesiod's work Time systematically recorded the knowledge of agricultural production at that time, and showed a peaceful and beautiful rural life scene. It includes descriptions of Prometheus, Pandora and five eras. These poems give advice and a complete picture of the best way to live in that dangerous period.
Lyrics are often based on myths, but their descriptions often deviate from the facts and add to the fantasies of many authors. Famous lyric poets in ancient Greece include Pindar, Baike Riddles, Simonides Of Ceos, and pastoral poets Toth and Pion. Their works all contain a lot of mythological elements. In addition, myth is also the central theme of classical Athenian drama. The tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides are mostly based on the heroes in the mythical era and the Trojan War. Many famous tragic stories (such as Agamemnon and his children, Oedipus, Jason and Medea, etc. ) is used as the theme of classical tragedy. Aristophanes's works Birds and Frogs also take myths as their themes.
Historians Herodotus and Dior Dorus, as well as geographers Pausanias and Strappo have all traveled to Greece. They all recorded the stories they heard along the way. Their records confirm the myths and legends in different regions, and there are a large number of unknown versions. Herodotus, in particular, studied many traditions and discovered many historical or mythical roots of Greece and the East. He also tried to reconcile these origins and integrate different cultural concepts.
Lahua civilization and ancient Roman poetry are more literary. Nevertheless, it still contains many important details that are not found in other works. These tasks mainly include:
The works and annotations of Roman poets Ovid (Metamorphosis), Statius, gaius, seneca, Virgil and Servius;
Modern Greek poets: the works of Nunus, Antoninus Leiber laris and Shen Yulun Smyrnaus;
Poets in Hellenistic Period: the works of Apollonius, Calimarcos, Pseudo-Eratosthenes and Badiini;
The works of ancient Greek and Roman novelists Epilias, Petronius, Lorianus and Heliodorus.
Roman writers, such as the pseudo Hyacinus, think that fiction and astronomy are the two most important outlines of myth. The imagination of old Philo Stratos and young Philo Stratos and the description of Caliste Rastos are the other two sources of myth.
Finally, Arnobius and some Byzantine Greek writers perfected the details of the myth according to the early Greek works that can't be verified now. The preserved books of these myths include Hesychius's Suda dictionary and the monographs of John Taize and Osta Hughes. Christianity teaches by quoting Greek mythology:? ν παντ? μ? θ? κα? τ? Δαιδ? λου μ? σο? σ ο/en panti muth not i kai to dai alou musos ("every myth has the filth of Daedalus"). Sourdis, who is knowledgeable, thinks that the image of Daedalus accords with Pacifi's "evil interest" in Poseidon's Call the Bull: "Because the origins and faults of these demons are all blamed on Daedalus, and he is hated by them, he becomes the protagonist of the proverb."
Most ancient Greek myths or legends come from ancient Greek literature, including the Iliad and Odyssey in Homer's epic, hesiod's Time and Divine Spectrum, Ovid's Metamorphosis and other classic works, as well as Aeschylus and Sophocles (σ ο ο
Greek mythology originated from the ancient Aegean civilization, which is slightly similar to the Shang and Zhou civilizations in China. They are the ancestors of western civilization, with excellent nature and extraordinary imagination. In that primitive era, they felt mysterious and difficult to understand natural phenomena and human life and death, so they constantly fantasized and meditated. In their imagination, everything in the universe has life. However, after the Dorians invaded the Aegean civilization, they had to explore the living space because of the overpopulation of the Greek peninsula. At this time, they worshipped heroes and produced many national hero stories intertwined with people and gods. The stories of people, gods and things created by these people have been collectively called "Greek mythology" by historians after being tempered by time, and the twelfth century BC to the seventh and eighth centuries BC are called "mythological times". Fairy tales were originally passed down from mouth to mouth, and it was not until the seventh century BC that the great poet Homer recorded them in the form of epic poems.
In Greek mythology, God and man are similar. Some people are physically beautiful, others are secular, know the joys and sorrows, and participate in people's activities. The only difference between God and man is that the former lives forever and has no period of death; The latter's life is limited, birth and death. The gods in Greek mythology have distinct personalities, no asceticism and little mysticism. The beauty of Greek mythology is that God still has a destiny, or he will be trapped by love and do bad things for his own benefit. Therefore, Greek mythology is not only the soil of Greek literature, but also has a far-reaching influence on later European literature.
Folding new spectrum
All the gods in the new spectrum live on Mount Olympus. Zeus overthrew his father's rule and established a new ruling order. Twelve gods: (generally corresponding to it in Roman mythology, its name and temperament have changed, and the planets in the solar system are named after it. )
Zeus (δ? ο? /Ζε? Zeus): (God king, thunder and lightning) The head of the main god of Olympus, the Lord of the gods, the god of the sky, thunder and lightning and dark clouds.
Hera (? ρ α, Hera): Tianhou, the patron saint of women, is in charge of marriage and childbirth. The Romans also called her Juno Monada, the third daughter of Cronus and Rhea, the sister and wife of Zeus.
Poseidon (π ο σ ε ι δ? ν, Poseidon): (Ocean, Freedom, Desire) The repair card of Poseidon and the earth (Zeus' second brother)
Hades (? ιδη? Hades: (Hades, wealth, human death) Hades, who is in charge of the soul of the underworld and all the treasures underground. Another version says that he is the strongest of the three gods (namely, ghost, sea and heaven). (also the brother of Zeus and Poseidon), who was removed from the post of the Twelve Gods because of a conflict with Zeus, only came to Olympus during the winter solstice meeting. )
Athena (? θ? ν η, Athena): (wisdom, victory, justice) Goddess of wisdom, goddess of war, peace, law, order, science and technology, one of the three virgins (Ares stands for violent and bloody war, Athena stands for just war).
Apollo (? π? λ λ ω ν, Apollo): (light, medicine, prophecy, music) god of light, the god of prophecy, the god of youth, medicine, animal husbandry, music, etc. The driver of the sun chariot. The son of Zeus and Leto, the twin brother or elder brother of Al themis. Confused with Helius in the 5th century BC)
Artemis (? ρτεμι? Themis: (Moon, hunting, virgin) The goddess of women, hunting, and the moon (daughter of Zeus and Leto). One of the three virgins is the embodiment of female purity. Confused with Selene in the 5th century BC. )
Aphrodite (? φροδ? τ η, Aphrodite): (Beauty and love, desire) The goddess of love and beauty is called "Venus" (After Cronus chopped Uranus into pieces with a magic axe, the essence of her body was scattered in the Aegean Sea, and Aphrodite was born. )
Hermes (? ρμ? Hermes): (the originator of commerce, signaling, fraud and thieves) God of commerce, markets, tourism, transportation, theft and extradition in the underworld (son of Zeus and Maya, messenger of the gods. )
Ares (? ρη? Ares): (War, violence) God of war, god of strength and courage (son of Zeus and Hera. )
Hephaestus (? φαιστο? Hephaestus): (flame, casting, handicraft) Vulcan, god of forging and craft, patron saint of blacksmiths (son of Zeus and Hera, husband of Aphrodite). However, the beautiful Aphrodite did not appreciate hephaestus's skillful hands and looks, but often deceived other gods. )
Dionysus (Δ ι? νυσο? Dionysus): (Wine, Joy) Dionysus, the God of Drama (Hestia, Kitchen God) gave way. He is the only one of the twelve gods with mortal blood. )
Hestia (? στ? α, Hestia): (stove, home) Goddess of fire, goddess of home (she was once twelve gods, and later gave way to Dionysus Dionysus.
Dmitry (δ? μ η ρ ρ α, Demeter): (agriculture, life, land, plants) goddess of agricultural high yield. She is the second daughter of Cronus and Rhea, the second sister and the fourth wife of Zeus. She and Zeus gave birth to Persephone (goddess of spring).
Folding the golden age
The gods of the golden age can be understood as the creator gods or the first generation gods, and the birth order is as follows:
In Greek mythology, everything begins with chaos. ...
Chaos: the God of Chaos.
At the beginning of the universe, there was only chaos. Who was the boundless empty space? Then came Gaia, the mother of the earth, Taras, Erebus, Nyx, the goddess of the night, and eros, the god of love, and the world began.
Gaia: Mother of the earth, daughter of chaos. The ontology of the earth gave birth to Uranus in the sky, Bendus in the ocean and Ourea in the mountains.
Then she and her two sons gave birth to many gods. Uranus gave birth to Titan, which represents the first of all things in the world (day, month, day, time, righteousness, memory and so on). ) and Puntos gave birth to five children, representing different seas. She is the mother of the gods (the ancestor of Olympus).
Tal talos Talas: God of the abyss of hell, son of Coase. One of the five creator gods, can be said to be the creator of the underworld, the ontology of the abyss.
He was born after Gaia and under Gaia, and later Tifeng the monster gave birth to Gaia's youngest son. He is an invisible abyss, at the bottom of the world. Then there is the place where monsters and some gods are held. Zeus imprisoned some Titan gods in Tartalas.
Erebus: the god of darkness, son of Keos. One of the five creation gods, Tartars was born above Tartars (underground/under Gaia). The incarnation and noumenon of darkness lies between the earth (Gaia) and the earth. He and her sister Nyx gave birth to three ancient gods: the god of space, the god of day, Hemera, and the god of crossing the Styx, Ka Rong.
Nyx: Goddess of the night, daughter of chaos. One of the five creation gods, Ripas, was born on the earth (Gaia) after his birth. The incarnation and noumenon of night, she is an ancient and powerful god. She not only gave birth to three children with her brother, but also gave birth to a large number of gods alone.
Eros: Or Elos. Cupid, son of Carlos. One of the five creation gods, born after darkness and darkness. The embodiment of love, fertility and sexual desire. It is he who promotes the fertility and love of the gods, and he is the embodiment of all love desires (including the same sex and the opposite sex).
Uranus: the god of heaven. Gaia's eldest son and husband, the first god king. Overthrown by his son Cronus.
Bendus: Poseidon, son and lover of Gaia, the earliest Poseidon.
Ourea: Mountain God, son of Gaia.
Folding the silver age
The deities of the Silver Age can be understood as Titan or the second generation deities. The English names are in the following order:
twelve titan
Kush: κ ο? ο? Coase: Intelligence. Fobo's husband.
Capa Rowe? ο? Chris: Growing up.
Kronos: kaparo? νο? Cronus: The youngest of the twelve titans. God of heaven and earth, he overthrew the father and became the second king of God, and was later considered to be in charge of time because of his mixing with kronos.
Hyperion: υ π ε ρ? ων? Hyperion: Sun God. Father of the sun, moon and dawn.
Partos: ι α π ε τ? I Partos: Soul. Father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menotius.
Mnemosyne: μ νη μ ο σ? Memory: memory, the mother of the muse. Zeus' fifth wife.
Oceanus: ω κ ε α ν? Oceanus: The oldest of the twelve titans. The river god of Dayang River gave birth to all the rivers on the earth and 3000 sea gods.
Fauber: φ ο？ βη? Phoebe: There is no clear division. Traditionally, it has something to do with the moon. Leto, goddess of the moon, mother of Astia.
Rhea: ρ？ α? Rhea: Goddess of Time. Cronus's wife, the second queen. Later, because she was mixed with Cybele, she was regarded as a great goddess.
Tethys: τ η θ? Tethys: The grandmother of all the sea gods, the goddess of the sea. Oceanus's wife.
Theia: θ ε? α? Theia: Brett, the mother of the sun goddess, the moon goddess and the dawn goddess. Hyperion's wife.
Themis: θ？ μι? Simis: Land was later regarded as the director of law and justice, because it was combined with the god of Olympus. The second wife of Zeus and the mother of three goddesses.
The second generation titan
Helius: Sun God, son of Hyperion and Teia, brother of Selene and eos.
Eos (EOS): the goddess of dawn, the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and the sister of Helius and Selene.
Astray Oss: God of the stars, son of Kroos and Eurybia.
Leto (Leto): The goddess of the night, the daughter of Zeus and Phobos, the sixth wife and cousin of Zeus, and the mother of Al themis and Apollo.
Poerxiusi: The son of Cross and Eurybia.
Atlas: Prometheus' brother. One of the highest and strongest gods. He was punished for failing to resist Zeus.
Prometheus: The son of Partos. One of the most wise gods is called a prophet. Creator and protector of mankind. Angry Zeus was shut up on the Caucasus Mountain. An eagle pecked his liver every day, and then it grew better again and again. After being rescued by Hercules.
Epimetheus: The brother of Prometheus. One of the stupidest gods is called "the last to know". As a result of accepting the gift of Zeus-Pandora as his wife, diseases, evils and other disasters flew out of Pandora's Box.
Selene: The goddess of the moon, the daughter of Hyperion and Teia, and the sister of the sun gods Helius and Leona eos.
Astoria: The daughter of Cross and Fobo.
Pallas:
Menotius: The brother of Prometheus, the god of violence and anger, was struck by Zeus with lightning.
Mehlert: One of the Titan gods, one of the Titan's twelve sisters, one of the goddess of poetry, and the goddess of deep thought.
Ode: One of the Titan gods, one of the Titan's twelve sisters, one of the goddess of poetry, and the goddess of singing.
Eitner: One of the Titan gods, the twelve sisters of Titan, the Sicilian volcano goddess.
Dione: Ice Goddess [Another popular saying is that she is the daughter of Oak Anoos and Tessie.
Adanos: One of the Titan gods, one of the twelve Titan gods, and the god of judgment.
OsTassos: One of the Titan gods, the Twelve Titan gods, the substitute god.
Andes: One of the 12 Titan gods, the God of the Andes.
Olympus: One of the twelve titans, the God of the Holy Mountain (the incarnation of the Holy Mountain of Olympus).
Metis: goddess of wisdom, daughter of Anoos, first wife of Zeus and mother of Athena.
Eurynome: goddess of the sea, daughter of Anoos, third wife of Zeus and mother of three goddesses.
There are also three cyclops (brave chef Nobbs' eye-catching person', giving Zeus lightning):
Broontes (β ρ？ ντη? , meaning lightning)
Stroppes (σ tau ε rho？ πη? Argos (? ργη? , meaning flash)
And three Li Manny:
Briarez (β rho ι? ρε? , meaning strong)
Cotos (κ？ ττο? (hostility, jealousy)
Guggers (γ? η? , meaning a piece of land)
Powerful beyond description. They are defiant, with one hundred invincible arms on their shoulders and fifty heads on their shoulders and limbs, which is the most terrible of all Son of God. From the beginning, I was disgusted with Uranus. I was hidden in a secret place (abyss) where the earth could not see the sun.
Puntos gave birth to nereus (the friendship of the ocean), Thomas (the miracle of the ocean), Forcus (the fury of the ocean), Ceto (the danger of the ocean) and Eurybia (the power of the ocean).