1, "Looking at the Moon in the Pavilion on the 15th of August" Tang Baijuyi was on the 15th night of August the year before last, beside the apricot garden by Qujiang Pool. On the night of August 15 this year, in front of Songpu Shatou Water Hall. Where is the hometown in the northwest and the full moon in the southeast. Yesterday, the wind blew and no one would meet. Tonight, the light is as clear as usual.
2, "Looking at the Moon and Thinking about a Distance" The bright moon in Jiuling, Zhang Tang, is now full of sea, and the horizon is * * * at this time. People who love hate long nights and sleepless nights and miss their loved ones. Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes. You can't have beautiful moonlight, just want to meet you in your dreams.
3, "There is a bosom under the autumn moon" Tang Meng Haoran) The autumn is crisp and the moon is hanging, and Guanghua is wet. The surprised magpie has not settled, and the flying fireflies are rolling in. The courtyard is sparsely shaded, and the sound of the neighboring night is urgent. What is the ceremony? Look at the sky and stand.
4. "Looking at the Moon at Fifteen Nights" Crows in Tang Atrium, Coody Leng's silent wet osmanthus. I don't know who Qiu Si will meet tonight.
Second, nursery rhymes about Mid-Autumn Festival.
Mid-Autumn Festival, under the moonlight, the family enjoys the moon together. The moon is round and bright, and the moon cakes are sweet and fragrant. Eat moon cakes, watch the moon, talk and laugh.
Third, the story about Mid-Autumn Festival.
1, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon
"the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" is the most fascinating mystery of the Moon Palace. There are different versions of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon's story. It was recorded in the early days that "Chang 'e took the elixir of the Western Queen Mother yesterday, and then rushed to the moon as the essence of the moon", which means that Hou Yi asked the Western Queen Mother for the elixir of life. Chang 'e stole this elixir and became a fairy, but she was punished as an ugly toad to pound the elixir of the Moon Palace. Later, the story gradually evolved into many beautiful and euphemistic new plots. For example, it is said that in ancient times, there were ten days in the sky at the same time, and all the crops died in the sun, which made people miserable. A hero named Hou Yi has infinite power. He sympathized with the suffering people, climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain and shot down nine suns in one breath, so that the people could live and work in peace and contentment. Unexpectedly, the nine suns shot down were all sons of the Emperor of Heaven, who angrily demoted Hou Yi and his wife Chang 'e to the mortal world. Xi sympathized with Hou Yi's experience and gave him the elixir of life. Later, Feng Meng took advantage of Houyi's opportunity to go hunting and forced Chang 'e to hand over the elixir of life. Chang 'e knew that she was no match and decided to swallow the medicine immediately. Later, Chang 'e flew lightly into the sky. Because Chang 'e was worried about her husband, she flew to the nearest moon and became a fairy. After returning home, Hou Yi missed his wife, so he set up a table of incense in Chang 'e's favorite back garden, put on her favorite honey and fresh fruit, and offered a remote sacrifice to his wife in the Moon Palace. After hearing the news that the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon became an immortal, people set up an incense table under the moon to pray for good luck and peace to the kind Chang 'e. It is said in some places that the Mid-Autumn Festival was formed like this.
2. WU GANG cut Guangxi.
There is also a legend about the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is said that the osmanthus trees in front of the Guanghan Palace on the moon are flourishing, reaching more than 500 feet. There is a man who often cuts down, but every time he finishes cutting, the cut place closes immediately. For thousands of years, this laurel tree can never be cut down. It is said that the person who cut down trees was WU GANG, a native of Xihe in Han Dynasty. He once practiced Buddhism with the immortal, and made a mistake in heaven. The immortal demoted him to the Moon Palace, and he did this futile work every day to show his punishment. He said that he didn't pay enough attention to learning immortals. In order to temper his mind, Emperor Tiandi punished him for cutting down osmanthus trees, and promised that if he cut down osmanthus trees, he would become immortal. So WU GANG cut it down in the Cold Moon Palace day after day and year after year.
3. Jade rabbit mashes medicine
"Jade rabbit tinkering with medicine" was originally one of Taoist anecdotes. According to legend, there is a rabbit on the moon, as white as jade, so it is called "Jade Rabbit". The white rabbit knelt on the ground with a jade pestle. Taking this pill can make him live forever. Over time, Jade Rabbit became synonymous with the moon. Ancient literati often used the jade rabbit as a symbol of the moon when writing poems and lyrics.
Fourth, the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival.
Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festival in China, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. The legend is in memory of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon.
The word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in Zhou Li. According to the ancient calendar of China, there are four seasons in a year, and each season has three months, which are called Meng Yue, Mid-month and Seasonal Month respectively. Therefore, the second month of autumn is called Mid-Autumn Festival, which is called "Mid-Autumn Festival" because it falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. In the early Tang Dynasty, the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, volume 15, Five Rites and Music, stated that "the Spring and Autumn Period was placed on Wenxuan Wang and Wu Cheng Wang", and in the 19th year of Kaiyuan, Taigong Fu Shang Temple was set up, with Liu Hou Sean. In the Mid-Spring and Mid-Autumn Festival, there are sacrifices, and the system of sacrificial music is like a text. " According to historical records, the festival that the ancient emperors sacrificed to the moon was the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, which happened to be half that of Sanqiu, hence the name "Mid-Autumn Festival". Because this festival is in August in autumn, it is also called Autumn Festival, August Festival, August Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. There are also beliefs and related custom activities that pray for reunion, so they are also called "Reunion Festival" and "Daughter's Day". Because the main activities of Mid-Autumn Festival are all around the moon, it is also commonly known as "Moon Festival", "Moon Festival" and "Moon Worship Festival". In the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was also called "correcting the moon".
The prevalence of Mid-Autumn Festival began in the Song Dynasty, and it became one of the major festivals in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There are many theories about the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival. The word Mid-Autumn Festival was first seen in Zhou Li. In The Book of Rites and the Moon Order, it said: "Mid-autumn moon nurtures aging and implements the Mid-Autumn porridge diet."
One theory originated from the sacrificial activities of ancient emperors. It is recorded in the Book of Rites that "the sun rises in spring and the moon sets in autumn", and the moon is a sacrifice to the moon, indicating that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, emperors began to offer sacrifices to the moon and Yue Bai. Later, aristocratic officials and scholars followed suit and gradually spread to the people.
Second, the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival is related to agricultural production. Autumn is the harvest season. The word "autumn" is interpreted as "autumn when crops are ripe" In the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, crops and various fruits are maturing one after another. In order to celebrate the harvest and express their joy, farmers regard the Mid-Autumn Festival as a festival. "Mid-Autumn Festival" means the middle of autumn. August in the lunar calendar is a month in autumn, and the 15th is a day in this month. Therefore, the Mid-Autumn Festival may be a custom passed down from the ancient Autumn Newspaper.
Some historians have also pointed out that the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival should be August 15th, 13th year of Tang Jun's great cause at the end of Sui Dynasty. Pei Ji and Tang Jun, with the idea of a full moon, successfully invented moon cakes and distributed them to the army as military salaries, which successfully solved the problem of military rations derived from absorbing a large number of anti-Sui rebels.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Mid-Autumn Festival custom
Around the Mid-Autumn Festival, a variety of festival activities have been formed since ancient times, including popular customs generally accepted in various places, as well as customs with regional characteristics and ethnic customs.
1, eat moon cakes
Eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional folk custom in China, just like eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival and glutinous rice balls on Lantern Festival. It is said that there was a custom of eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Tang Dynasty, but as a food name, moon cakes were associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song Dynasty. The royal family in the Northern Song Dynasty likes to eat a kind of "palace cake" in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is commonly known as "small cake" among the people. Su Dongpo said in a poem: "A small cake is like chewing the moon, and there is pulp in it." Zhou Mi, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, first mentioned the name "moon cake" in Old Wulin. According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, people also used moon cakes to convey anti-meta information, indicating that moon cakes had entered the homes of ordinary people at that time and became a necessary food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. For a long time, China people have accumulated rich experience in making moon cakes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, bakers printed fairy tales such as the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon on moon cakes as food art paintings. A scholar in the Qing dynasty described it as "peach-stuffed moon cakes, icing ice cream", which seems quite similar to the present moon cakes. In modern times, with workshops specializing in making moon cakes, moon cakes are made more finely, with exquisite fillings and beautiful appearance, and are also divided into flat, Soviet, Guangdong and desktop flavors. As a symbol of auspiciousness and reunion, moon cakes are entrusted with people's good wishes. The custom of eating and sending moon cakes has continued to this day.
Step 2 enjoy the moon
China has had the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon since ancient times. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night was held to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon. The custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival is very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and many poets have poems about the moon in their masterpieces. In the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was more popular. On this day, "your family decorates pavilions, and people compete for restaurants to play the moon." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yue Bai enjoyed more moon-watching activities. So far, there are many historical sites in China, such as the Yue Bai Altar, the Moon Pavilion and the Moon Tower. Literati have a soft spot for enjoying the moon. They went upstairs to admire the moon, or invited the moon by boating, drank wine and wrote poems, leaving many famous sentences. For example, Du Fu's "The Night of August 15th" uses the bright moon symbolizing reunion to set off his wandering worries in a foreign land; Su Shi, a literary giant in the Song Dynasty, was drunk in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and wrote "Water Tune Song Tou", which is a metaphor for people's separation due to the lack of the moon. To this day, it is still one of the essential activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival for the whole family to sit together and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the bright moon in the sky.
In addition to enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes, people in different regions also celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival according to their own regional traditions and social customs, forming different customs with strong local characteristics. For example, Mid-Autumn Festival is popular in many southern areas, and male prostitutes are popular in old Beijing. In addition, there are the Mid-Autumn Festival in Guangzhou, the burning tower in Anhui and the dragon dance in Hong Kong. Many ethnic minorities also have the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival, such as jumping on the moon and Yue Bai, which greatly enriches our traditional festival culture.