Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name is Taibai, also known as "purple laity" and "fallen fairy", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "poetic fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish himself from two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai merged again.
According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Bai is the ninth grandson of Gui Li, the king of Liang, and he is a descendant of all kings. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Fu Zhi, and First Making Baidicheng.
There are biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.
2. Li Bai's life
Li Bai's life experience can be divided into four periods. In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent.
Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the following 10 years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents.
Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the following year1February, he was invited to Lilin, the shogunate of Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also convicted, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and soon exiled Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou).
On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li. ?
3. Li Bai's thoughts
On the one hand, it comes from family background, on the other hand, it comes from contact with many cultural classics since childhood. Li Bai's thought is complex, with elements of Confucianism, Taoism, ranger and strategist, and Confucianism and Taoism are dominant, even raising Zhuangzi above Qu Yuan. Li Bai's political ideal is to "enlarge the atlas area and clarify Hai Xian County" (in response to Meng Shaofu's command).
However, according to Li Bai's personality, he did not want to take part in the imperial examination, but lived in seclusion and made friends, hoping to take a "shortcut to the south" and make a name for himself in the capital until the court seized it. Li Bai worships Jiang Shang, Fan Li, Lu Zhonglian, Sean, Xie An and others. He worked as a teacher of the emperor, made outstanding achievements, and then retired. ?
As far as Li Bai's thought is concerned, it is a typical product of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In this regard, nearly a thousand years later, the poet Gong Zizhen said: "Zhuang and Qu's family can't be together, thinking of their hearts and confessing; Confucianism, immortals and chivalry are three things that cannot be combined into one. If they are angry, they will confess. " ?
However, just when it is about to make a difference, the prosperous time of Kaiyuan has passed, the court is increasingly corrupt, and a new crisis is brewing in society.
Desire is extremely extravagant, but the hope of realization is extremely slim, so his feeling of being hit by himself is doubly heavy. Whenever he encounters setbacks and injustice, he will burst into strong indignation, and his bold criticism and denial of the order at that time are often overwhelming.
But apart from indignation, I often want to use seclusion to seek immortality and binge drinking and debauchery to temporarily relieve my mental pain, which shows the profound influence of Taoist criticism of reality and seclusion thought. In this way, Li Bai spent an extraordinary life in the fierce ideological struggle between ideal and reality, birth and WTO entry. ?
Extended data
In the first year of Chang 'an (70 1), Li Bai's words were too white. Its birthplace is generally believed to be Qinglian Township in Changlong, Mianzhou (Brazil County) in the south of the Tang Dynasty. My ancestral home is Tianshui, Gansu.
His family background and family background are unknown. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Bai is the ninth grandson of Gui Li, the King of Liang. According to this statement, Li Bai is the same clan as the kings of Li Tang, and is the same generation brother as Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. It is also said that his ancestors were Li or Li Yuanji.
In November of the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian died. Li Bai is five years old. Confusion and learning begin with. "Shang' an County Peichang History Book" says: "At the age of five, recite Liujia. "Liu Jia, a primary school literacy textbook in the Tang Dynasty, has a long history and is a national official.
In the third year of Kaiyuan (7 15), Li Bai was fifteen years old. He published many poems, won praises and awards from some celebrities, and began to engage in social activities. Also began to accept the influence of Taoism, good at fencing, like Ren Xia. It's Cen Can's birthday.
In the sixth year of Kaiyuan (7 18), Li Bai was eighteen. He lives in seclusion in Daitian Kuangshan (Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) to study. Traveling to and from neighboring counties, I have been to Jiangyou, Jiange and Zizhou (the state is now in Sichuan Province), and I have gained a lot of experience and knowledge.
Baidu encyclopedia-Li Bai