Introduction of Shimen Tunnel?

Shimen Tunnel (Ancient Warring States Tunnel) is located at the north of Hanzhong City 17km, at the southern end of Baoxie Road, also known as "Xiaoshimen". Now submerged in Baohe Reservoir. Shimen was dug in the Warring States period to repair the inclined plank road, and it was not opened until it was repaired on behalf of others. The south entrance of Gubao inclined plank road coming out of Gubao Valley was blocked by Qipanshan (also known as Jitouguan), and the trip was hard to climb around. In the 4th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (6 1), Liu Zhuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wrote that a tunnel crossing the mountain should be dug at the place where the plank road under Qipanshan Mountain was impassable, and appointed the chief of Hanzhong as the contractor. The cave runs north-south, parallel to the Baogu River, with the same height at the bottom as the plank road, with a total length of15.75m, a width of 4.15m and a height of 3.6m. The doorway is13.6m, a width of 4.2m, a height of 3.45m at the south gate and a height of 3.75m at the north gate. At that time, there was no tunnel, called the plank road Shimen. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics said, "Zanshui crosses the southeast gate, and the gate crosses the ravine more than six feet." This is what Xiaoshimen refers to. It is the earliest artificial tunnel in China, and it is a precious material for studying the ancient traffic history of China.

Digging time

Shimen was dug in the process of repairing the inclined plank road in Han Yongping from six to nine years (AD 63-66). In the second year of Han Jian (148), Ode to Shimen recorded: "As for Yongping, for four years, the imperial edict tilted and Shimen cut it." In the fourth year of Yongping, Ming Di issued letters. After a year's preparation, the direct army of Hanzhong Prefecture organized more than 2,000 people to start construction in Yongping in six years and completed it in Yongping in nine years. In the second year of Yongping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (509), Wang Yuan wrote in Shimen Ming: "This gate was worn by Yongping." "Han Zhu Jun opened the cliff" contains: "In the sixth year of Yongping, Hanzhong County was opened by 2,690 people from Guanghan, Shu County and Ba County."

Shape and excavation

Shimen is an important relic of the ramp. As a great project completed more than 900 years ago, its excavation technology deserves attention. 1960 or so, the cultural relics department conducted a field survey, and recorded in the file Shimen Road and its Stone Carvings, which has been reported to the State Council for the record: "The length of the east wall of Shimen Tunnel is16.5m, and the length of the west wall is15m; Beidaokou is 3.75 meters high and 4. 1 m wide, and Nandaokou is 3.45 meters high and 4.2 meters wide. The height between north and south is different, and the height difference between north and south is 30 to 50 cm. " There are no traces left by tools such as axes, chisels and drills on the inner wall of the cross-cut, and the rock surface is trimmed smoothly. Luo Xiushu and others in Qing Dynasty recorded that Shimen was hit by fire, water or vinegar. There is a poem in Liang Qingkuan's book Jia Hanfu's Song of Repairing the Plank Road, which is contained in Bao Gu Bei Lue, explaining that Shimen broke the stone by fire and water quenching.

cultural relic

196 1 year, Baoxiedao Shimen and its cliff stone carvings were identified as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China.

Since Yongping opened the Shimen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, officials, businessmen and literati of all dynasties have recorded and recited things while enjoying the scenic spots, and written articles about their feelings, which have been engraved on the cliffs inside and outside the Shimen from generation to generation. In this way, a spectacular stone carving of Shimen Cliff was formed. According to 1960, there are 4 kinds of stone carvings in the former site of Shimen, including 34 kinds of stone carvings on the inner wall of Shimen, from Han and Wei Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties. A dazzling array of things, like a treasure house of stone carvings. Among the numerous stone carvings, 13 stone carvings from the Han Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty are outstanding and famous all over the world. Among them, exquisite stone carving is the highest artistic crystallization of calligraphy and sculpture since the Han Dynasty. As early as the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was famous all over the country and was highly praised by archaeologists and calligraphers in previous dynasties.

In the early 1970s, the country built Shimen Reservoir. In order to protect cultural relics from being submerged under the reservoir, three/kloc-0 of these stone carvings were chiseled down, and now they are displayed in the spacious and bright exhibition hall of Hanzhong Museum.

In the stele gallery of Guhantai, there is a black marble tablet embedded. The above eight running script characters "Shimen, Hanzhong, Teacher of Japan" were inscribed by the famous Japanese calligrapher Mr. Noguchi Yong. The inscription "Shimen in Hanzhong" refers to the excellent cliff stone carving displayed in Hanzhong Museum (Guhantai)-Shimen XIII. As you can imagine, the thirteen products of Shimen occupy an important position in calligraphy art.

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