What is the writing background of Wang Anshi's "Mr. Yin's Wall in the Book Lake"?

During the Xining period in Song Shenzong, Wang Anshi was twice dismissed for presiding over the political reform. In his later years, he retired to Jiangning (now Nanjing), lived frugally, indulged in mountains and rivers, often visited monks and asked about Zen, and was diligent in reading and writing. Therefore, the works of this period are refined in art, ingenious in conception, unique in wording and natural in artistic conception, and highly praised by the world. Mr. Yin's wall in Shuhu Lake is one of them. Mr. Hu Yin, famous as Yang Ji, was a hermit who devoted himself to farming. He was Wang Anshi's neighbor and good friend when he lived in Jiangning in his later years. Wang Anshi has such a sentence in the poem "Yuan Feng Shi De Feng": "Mr. Hu Yin sits in the straw house to watch the ditch car and see the autumn fruit. ..... Mr. Wild is not poor, and he has dug the soil to the old Song Yuanfeng. " It shows that his friendship is deep. Wang Anshi wrote two poems on Mr. Hu Yin's wall, which is one of them. The first two sentences of the poem are "thatched eaves are long and clean without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by themselves." When writing poetry, there is only one word "quiet" in the master's yard, which expresses "purity" and leads to "quiet". Because the host has no moss for a long time, the visiting guests feel "quiet" because of his "cleanliness". The word "quiet without moss" accurately expresses the poet's pleasure and intoxication from visual senses to spiritual feelings. At this time, the poet turned his eyes to the lush flowers and trees in the garden. Because flowers and trees have become "beds", patchwork and elegant scenery is self-contained, which is refreshing. Flowers and trees are all "planted by themselves", which shows that the owner is diligent and elegant. What is depicted here is a quiet and vibrant small courtyard, which highlights a person who is far away from officialdom and full of interest in life.

When the poet turned his eyes to the green hills outside the courtyard, a more poetic feeling was activated: "One water protects the fields, and two mountains send green." A stream of money carries clear water to protect it; Two mountains, like running, send lush peaks into the hall. The charm of mountains and rivers is as elegant as a poet and as warm as ever. At this point, the poet fully appreciated the beauty of mountains and rivers and expressed his praise for friendship. Among them, "protecting farmland" and "releasing land" are all from Hanshu. There is a cloud in the preface to The Biography of the Western Regions of Han Dynasty: "From Dunhuang West to Yanze, there are permanent pavilions and terraces, while there are tens of thousands of field pawns in the canal plough of Luntai, and messengers are placed in front of them to take care of them." The biography of Han Fan Kuai said: "When Emperor Gao was ill, he hated people and was confined in the Forbidden City. Residents who petitioned were denied access to ministers, and those who blushed and poured water were afraid to enter. After more than ten days, the minister went straight in. " These two poems personify and describe nature, starting with "one" and "two", followed by "protecting farmland with water" and "arranging mountains", which are leisurely and imposing. "protect the field" uses it to write water; Those who "row" are also used to writing about mountains, and "surrounding green" sees the tenderness of water; "Send green" and see the hospitality of the mountain. With the word "Pailu", it is more obvious that his feelings are impatient.

The poet is also proud of these two sentences. "Huang Tingjian said,' I tasted Gong Jing in Jinling because I asked the Prime Minister what poems he had recently. Qi Huangong pointed to the two sentences engraved on the wall, which are also recent works:' One water will protect the field and two mountains will be green'. ""("Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua" Volume 33) Wang Anshi thinks (making things use allusions) "If you can surprise yourself, borrow things to invent each other and complete the modality, then many things are available, so why not" ("Cai Kuanfu's Poems"). Even if we don't know its origin, it still doesn't hinder our understanding of poetry, that is, the so-called "using things to make people unconscious, if we say it from the chest" ("Yan's Family Instructions"), which is the ideal standard for the ancients to use allusions.

On the other hand, in this poem, the poet reflects his pursuit and expresses his leisure by appreciating the life of his neighbors and eulogizing the pure friendship. Isn't it also "using things"?