Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from self-biased: "building a house", building a house; "humanistic environment", where people gather; "The sound of horses and chariots" means the communication of the upper class, which generally refers to all kinds of miscellaneous dust in the world. The poet built his residence in an environment where people came and went, but he couldn't hear the noise of horses and chariots. The poet then asked, "How can I ask you?" ? How could you do that? Uh, not the last sentence; Then ask yourself and answer, "The heart is far from being biased." "Far" is the most commonly used concept in metaphysics. Its surface meaning is far from the secular, and its deep meaning refers to a indifferent state of mind full of secular interests. This sentence is the bone of the whole article; "Earth deviation": secluded place. This poem clearly expresses the poet's life ambition and attitude, and the elegant feelings of a hermit are vividly on the paper. It tells readers that the poet's mind is detached and purified, which makes the noisy environment of cars and horses quiet and quiet, and the poem contains profound philosophy. "The sound of horses and chariots" is not only a real thing, but also a symbol. It represents the whole bureaucratic society's struggle for power and profit, fame and fortune. These four sentences talk about the philosophy of life by taking advantage of the immediate things. See the deep meaning in simplicity and make waves in the ordinary. Its structural design is also very clever, the first sentence seems dull, and the second sentence suddenly turns, causing suspense, similar to "Hard to Save". The third sentence takes advantage of the situation to ask questions, and the fourth sentence gives answers. The four sentences are so integrated that Wang Anshi, who is famous for his strange words, praised: "There are no such four sentences since the poet."
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan: these two sentences describe what the poet saw. What the poet saw was "chrysanthemum", which was full of wind and frost, and there was an object standing proudly, which was an image caused by the poet's inner mood; What the poet did was to pick chrysanthemums at random in his own garden and bend down to look up at his noble feelings. Fan Chengda said: "There is no place of interest that doesn't love chrysanthemums, especially Yuanming." Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, not only because of their beauty, the so-called "autumn chrysanthemums are lewd", but also because "wine can relieve anxiety and chrysanthemums can solve aging". Picking chrysanthemums to accompany wine under the east fence can strengthen the body. Chrysanthemum is also a symbol of the poet's lofty ideal, just as orchids are to Qu Yuan and plum blossoms are to Lu You, which all have special opportunities. "leisurely seeing Nanshan" can be interpreted as "leisurely seeing Nanshan" or "leisurely seeing Nanshan" "Leisure" belongs not only to people, but also to mountains. People are leisurely and comfortable, and the mountains are quiet and lofty; "Look": A glance intentionally or unintentionally reflects the poet's carefree mood of escaping from the mysterious world and the party. Another version writes the word "look" as "look". Su Dongpo thinks that if it is the word "look", poetry will become dull, because "look" belongs to conscious gaze and lacks the feeling of "leisure". And "leisurely seeing Nanshan" seems to be in an unconscious state, and Nanshan crashed into his eyes. [2]
The air on the mountain is getting better every day, and the birds are coming back: the mist in the mountain forest rises in the sunset, and if there is something, it permeates between the peaks; Groups of birds flew back to their nests and hid in the mountains. What he wrote was "carefree" in the poet's eyes, which reflected the poet's quiet subjective state of mind. These four sentences not only describe the mode of forgetting things when the poet has no opinion, but also describe the mode of forgetting things when he meets something. But also describe a natural landscape and turn the subject's emotion into an objective scene. No wonder Amin scholar Xie Zhen said, "All scenery characters are sentimental characters".
This makes sense, but I forgot what I wanted to say: these two sentences are the summary of the whole poem. "Here", here and now, this situation; "True meaning" is really interesting, that is, the truth of life and natural interest, which is the essence of the whole article. Here we can understand the true meaning of life, but logical language can't reflect its exquisiteness and completeness. The poet realized the "true meaning" of "forgetting words" in the process of forgetting the isomorphism of things, which is nothing more than telling readers: Look, this secluded It's a Wonderful Life! Why do you want to be an official and bend over for "five buckets of rice"? These two sentences can not only see the traces of Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy, but also make people realize the significance of Zen in later generations. In the structure of the whole poem, these two sentences imply the deep meaning of the poetic image, which is the crowning touch of the whole poem.
This poem not only expresses the leisure and quiet joy of seclusion, but also contains the poet's yearning and longing for the transcendental realm of cosmic life. The greatest feature of this poem is the integration of reasoning, lyricism and scenery writing. For example, "building a house in human feelings" is to describe the scenery, and "no car or horse" is to express the feeling of being detached from the world, which is lyrical and explains the truth that "the heart is far from itself". In particular, the phrase "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" is not only a description of scenery, but also a lyric, which combines the poet's indifferent mood with the beautiful environment and has always been rated as "quiet" and "far", which is praised by future generations. "The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are coming back every day" is a scene, but what emerges from the scene is the poet's self-satisfaction after retiring, and his feelings are integrated into the scene. The last two sentences of the poem, "There is real meaning in it, but I forgot what I said when I wanted to distinguish it", are direct lyrical and contain rich philosophy of life. The whole poem is full of scenes, reasonable, lingering and long aftertaste. (Author Yin Donghui)