The earliest and longest hollow single-hole circular arch stone bridge exists in the world. Located in Zhao County, Hebei Province, China, across the river. Formerly known as Anji Bridge, commonly known as Dashiqiao. It was built by craftsman Li Chun from the 15th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the first year of Daye (595 ~ 605). The net span is 37.02 meters, the rise is 7.23 meters and the bridge deck is 9 meters wide. The arch consists of 28 coupons (narrow arches) side by side. Two small arches (with clear distance of 2.85m and 3.8 1 m respectively) were built at both ends of the large stone arch to reduce the dead weight of the bridge and increase the flood discharge area. Because of the good location of the bridge and the proper stress on the foundation, the bridge body is basically intact despite thousands of years of floods and earthquakes. The bridge is a masterpiece in the history of bridges in the world with exquisite conception and steady shape. 196 1 has been designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit. China Li Chun built a bridge in Zhao Zhouqiao in the Sui Dynasty 1400 years ago. It has experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially the 1966 earthquake of magnitude 7.6 in Xingtai. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here, and there is also an earthquake of magnitude 4.0 here. Zhao Zhouqiao was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that no matter what the internal structure of the bridge is. 1963 The flood flooded the arch of the bridge. According to the local old man, standing on the bridge can feel the bridge body shaking greatly. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao has been restored eight times since its establishment.
Adding two small arch coupons at the upper end of the main arch coupon can save materials, reduce the dead weight of the bridge (reduce the dead weight 15%) and increase the discharge of river water under the bridge.
1979 in may, a joint investigation team composed of four units, including the natural history group of China academy of sciences, investigated the bridge foundation in Zhao Zhouqiao. The weight of Zhao Zhouqiao is 2,800 tons, and its foundation is only a abutment with a height of 1.55 meters made of five layers of stones, which is directly built on natural sand and gravel.
Such a shallow bridge foundation is unbelievable. When Mr. Liang Sicheng inspected 1933, he thought that it was only a diamond wall to prevent water erosion, but not the foundation to bear the full load of the bridge ticket. He wrote in the report:
"In order to measure the coupon base, we dug at the foot of the coupon in the north, but now about 70-80 cm below the riverbed, that is, we found the stone wall lying flat under the coupon. Stone * * * has five floors, and the height of * * * is1.58m. Each floor is slightly higher than the upper one, and there is no solid foundation below. Obviously, it is just a diamond wall used to prevent water erosion, not a foundation bearing the full load of bridge vouchers. Because water will be seen in another 30-40 cm, unless it is excavated on a large scale, it is impossible to reach the bridge foundation position that we speculate according to theory. "
1991September, Zhao Zhouqiao was selected as the 12 "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
And in the east side of the northern end of the bridge, there is a bronze medal monument of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument". A craftsman. Life is unknown. Zhao Zhouqiao was built from the 15th year of Emperor Yangdi's reign to the beginning of Daye (595-605) (see Zhao Zhouqiao).
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The Chanhe River under Zhao Zhouqiao is connected with the Tianhe River, so its banks are very wide and steep. Monsters in the river make waves, bridges are repeatedly damaged, ships are destroyed and people are killed, and the people nearby are miserable. One day, Lu Ban came here and built the bridge with the stone from Dongshan. There are 28 arches on the bridge, which are 28 stars in the sky to scare the river demon; There are water-absorbing animals and other patterns on the bridge to suppress the wind and waves. From then on, the river was calm and people's hearts were stable!
2. After the bridge is under heavy pressure:
From then on, Luban became famous, and many immortals came to see its wonders. The most famous are Zhang riding a donkey backwards and firewood pushing a unicycle backwards. The second fairy asked Lu Ban, "Can donkeys and carts cross this bridge?" Luban said: "There are countless vehicles and people coming and going in a day. What is the situation? " Subsequently, Lao Guo cast a spell to take "the sun, the moon and the stars" to the donkey; Chai Wang changed his mind and transported the "Three Mountains and Five Mountains" to the unicycle. When the donkey came to the bridge, it suddenly shook. Lu Ban jumped under the bridge, stepped on the river and raised his arm to hold the bridge. The donkey passed smoothly, and the second fairy was full of praise (Chai Wang's wheel print is still on the bridge deck)! After the load of Zhang Hechai, the foundation of the bridge was compacted and the bridge body was extremely strong.
3. Look at the square wood:
Later, when Lu Ban was depressed, he took a look and saw that the donkey was carrying the burden of "three mountains and five mountains" and "the sun, the moon and the stars", and the bridge was trembling. Lu Ban hated that he had no eyes, so he gouged out his left eye under the bridge. Therefore, carpenters after Luban always look at whether the wood is straight or not!
4, Yang Jian three eyes:
The next day, Erlang God Yang Jian walked from Tianhe to the Weihe Bridge and found Lu Ban's eyes. Who was it? Why don't I keep it and put it between my eyes, and then Erlang God will become three eyes, and three eyes will have infinite magic, which is the legacy of Lu Ban!