This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
Interpretation results of texts circulating on the Internet.
Precautions:
F: Visiting. An old friend's farm: an old friend's farm. Zhuang, grange.
Equipment: preparation, purchase. Chicken and millet: refers to the rich meal hosted by farmers (literally refers to chicken and yellow rice).
Millet (shǔ): Yellow rice was considered as the first-class grain in ancient times.
Invitation: invitation. To: to.
Close: surround.
Guo: Ancient city walls have two sides: the inner city and the outer Guo. This refers to the outer wall of the village.
Xié: inclined. There is also an old sound, xiá.
Open: open, open. Xuan: Windows. Face: face.
Nursery: fields, threshing floors and paddy fields; Garden, vegetable garden.
Holding a set of wine, such as drinking. Pick it up. Pick up ...
Sang Ma: Talking about farming.
Sang Ma: Sang Ma. This refers to ordinary crops.
Double Ninth Festival: refers to the ninth day of September in the summer calendar. The ancients had the custom of climbing mountains and drinking chrysanthemum wine on this day.
Come back.
Chrysanthemum: refers to drinking chrysanthemum wine, but also refers to enjoying chrysanthemum. Just, get close to, do something on purpose.
translate
My old friend prepared a sumptuous dinner and invited me to visit him in Tian She.
Green Woods surround the village, and a green hill leans vaguely outside the city wall.
Pushing open the window to face the threshing floor and vegetable garden, drinking wine and chatting about farming.
The Double Ninth Festival is coming, and I will come here to see chrysanthemums.
Discussion:
1. However, is it "passing by" or "visiting"? Why?
"Shuo Wen Jie Zi" is "too much, too much." Passing by is passing by. In Modern Chinese Dictionary, "Guo" has multiple verb meanings, such as "pass", "cause to pass", "exceed" and "visit". "Guo" is interpreted as "passing through", "passing through the old village" is interpreted as "visiting" and "passing through the old village" is interpreted as "visiting the old village". There is nothing wrong with the meaning of these two sentences. Why is the popular explanation "visiting" rather than "passing by"?
It is not the sentence itself that determines the exact meaning of "Guo", but the text of the poem. What is the specific verse or lines?
To accurately and profoundly explain "Guo", we must first explain the word "Ju".
Check note "on page 104," home, * * * set also. "Duan Yucai believes that * * * should be for words." * * * is for ancient and modern characters, which should belong to the human resources department. "The offering is the offering, that is, putting the offering in your hand and offering sacrifices to the gods. Judging from the glyph structure, the upper part of "ju" is "Bei", omitting the left and right points at the bottom. Simply put, it is the appearance of the offering, such as a piece of meat. The lower part is "Bi", which means holding it with two hands. The whole word is a combined pictograph, which means holding a offering with two hands. Combining the two, it is not difficult to see that "living" means "buying", but it is much more solemn and grand than "buying", which contains the meaning of courtesy and respect. The original intention is to hold the offering respectfully with both hands, and it is extended to take things out respectfully according to etiquette. The words "use money", "use wine" and "use food" written on the ceremony list all mean this, as do "name" and "present". Therefore, from the perspective of the situational significance and cultural connotation of "prepare my chicken rice, old friend", it is obvious that "prepare" and "buy" are "evasive and light". The meaning of the scene should be "courtesy". It is conceivable that the family of an old friend served the table with "chicken" and "millet" in both hands.
The meaning of "home" can also be seen from chicken and millet. Chicken in the countryside is very precious. It is a precious property, not a close relative, not a distinguished guest. Who will kill a chicken to entertain guests? Similarly, "millet" is also a refined grain in the north, with golden color, soft taste and low yield. If the distinguished guests come, their families are reluctant to eat.
The word "ju" embodies the kindness of "Tian Guo family". "Chicken" and "millet" further highlight the unusual meaning of "country".
The meaning of "invitation" to "country" is even more obvious. An invitation is a kind invitation. This proves that "crossing the old people's village" is not a random walk, not to mention an accidental passing, but an invitation to visit, which is a formal invitation to visit.
The couplet "prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm" puts "prepare chicken rice for me, old friend" in front, which shows the earnest meaning of "crossing" Bring the best dishes to the table first, and then invite you to be a guest. If you don't go, it will waste the sincere feelings of the host. If you don't go, you can't.
3. Look up the explanation of "harmony" in Modern Chinese Dictionary. The verb meanings are: near, near; Get together; Conform; Conversion. None of the senses means "around". How did the meaning of "around" come from? Note: "He" is a knowing word, with a "blessing" on it, that is, a three-sided shape, and a "mouth" on the bottom, which means "open mouths close together". Because of the meaning of "qi" and the shape of the mouth, "he" means "around" However, the poem clearly points out that "we look at the green trees around your village" is not a "village entrance", let alone a "quadrangle", which clearly tells us that the situational significance of "combination" does not involve all sides of the village, but only one side. Judging from the poetic situation, since I went to the old people's village, I certainly saw the entrance to the village. The general scene of "We look at the green trees around your village" should be that when you look near the village, you can only see lush trees. Because the forest blocks the view, the author can't see the scenery around the village, so it is not appropriate to interpret "we look at your village with green trees" as "green trees around the village". So "together" here is more appropriate to be interpreted as "off" or "together". Figuratively speaking, the green trees at the edge of the village are shady, forming a closed trend at the entrance of the village. In other words, the green trees on both sides of the village entrance gather in the middle, which seems to "devour" all the roads into the village, leaving people unable to see the village, only green trees.
4. The explanation of the word "oblique" is rather troublesome. "Oblique" means "incorrect" and "crooked". The "Xie" in Blue of the Remote Mountain should be interpreted as a verb opposite to "He", so the annotation given is interpreted as "Xie", which translates as "faint and oblique". The general idea is clear, but not very thorough. Note: Page 7 18, "Oblique and vivid." "Hey, hey." Express, which means scoop, scoop wine from a jar. "Dou" is the shape side of "oblique" and "Yu" is the sound side. Etymologically, "Xie" was originally a verb, meaning to scoop wine in a bucket. "Dou" is a spoon for scooping wine, which is shaped like the Big Dipper. In "Light Blue in Remote Mountainous Areas", "oblique" refers to the zigzag arrangement of green hills like spoons or the Big Dipper. "Oblique" and "combined" are opposites, forming duality. "Together", densely packed into a pile; "Oblique", loosely arranged in the shape of a spoon.
5. By the way, explain the word "country". "Guo" is not difficult to explain. Guo, on the left is Guo's original character, and the traditional characters are "Gao" and "Zi". Xiao Zhuan is the middle "Hui", which is a square double fence with the upper part of the word "Pavilion" above and below, which are two pavilions outside the city wall, beside the sound; On the right is "Yi", which means small town. The shape next to it is Guo on the battlements. In Mencius, there is "a city of three miles, a country of seven miles". Guo, a broader, more peripheral and simpler peripheral arched town than the city, also refers to the city wall built outside the city. In "Light Blue in Remote Mountainous Areas", the word "Guo" is used figuratively, which refers to the peripheral area of Qingshan Xiangcun. The annotation given "This refers to the external wall of the village" is wrong. Because the outer wall of the village stretches beside the green hills, how long and how far the fence is, and how big the yard is.
6.
Finally, let's look at the word "chrysanthemum time I come again". Is it "Huan" or "Hai"? Different pronunciations represent different meanings. The meaning of the former is a verb, which includes coming back, returning, rotating and so on. The latter is an adverb, which means extra meaning, such as still, increasing the degree and getting by. As far as grammar and vocabulary are concerned, both are acceptable. "chrysanthemum when you come back" and "chrysanthemum when you come back" all make sense. Judging from the situational meaning, as an adverb, it means still or increasing in degree, which not only means "coming back", but also highlights the fact that the wine is not exhausted. However, in the interpretation of ancient poetry, "Huan" is rarely read as "Huan" and interpreted as an adverb, because adverbs mean after the verb is empty, but later. There is no such pronunciation and meaning in ancient and medieval sounds, and ancient Chinese dictionaries do not accept it.
seven
Next, we will discuss the interpretation of two sentences.
"Open the window to the garden, talk about Sang Ma with a cup in hand", translated into "Open the window to the grain garden, and talk about farming with wine", which can't be wrong. But just like squeezing sweet and juicy oranges dry, oranges are still oranges. In fact, the shape and taste are far from each other.
This couplet is about two old friends drinking: pushing open the window to drink in front of the grain field and vegetable garden, holding a glass and slowly sipping wine, and chatting cheerfully about mulberry and hemp. "We open your window over the garden" should be in the scene of drinking, that is, drinking in front of grain fields and vegetable gardens with the window open, which is fresh and cool, and can give a panoramic view of Zhuangzi's busy farming and thriving crops. How comfortable it is to drink wine, talk about farming and watch the real scene. This situation is far from being conveyed by simple translation.
The interpretation of this poem is not difficult. "Wine" means "just having soup" or "just drinking peanuts", which means "taking advantage" or "accompanying". Later, there was a scene in the former couplet that "we open your window every other garden and field and talk about Sang Ma with a cup in hand", that is, drinking in busy farming season, continuing drinking when chrysanthemums are in full bloom on the Double Ninth Festival, or drinking with chrysanthemums.
Thinking questions after class: In this lesson, we made a deep interpretation of Passing the Village of the Old People through three links: simple reading, comparative annotation reflection and critical interpretation. Please reflect on the process and results of three interpretations and summarize the basic principles of text interpretation.