Source: People's Education Press "Junior Middle School Chinese Ancient Poems" (Volume 4)
Farewell
(Anonymous in Sui Dynasty)
Yang Liuqing The green trees are hanging down from the ground, and the flowers are flying in the sky.
When all the wicker branches are broken and the flowers fly away, I would like to ask passers-by whether they are returning home.
Willow is not only people's mascot, but also a poetic and picturesque material for the Chinese nation to chant their hearts and express their aspirations. It reflects the accumulation of traditional Chinese culture.
The word "Liu" for "Willow" is homophonic to the word "Liu". Mentioning "Liu" will naturally create an artistic conception in people's minds of retaining guests and relatives. As early as the Han Dynasty, there was a tradition of breaking willows to say goodbye, implying solicitude to persuade people to stay. It became more prosperous in the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties. A poem "Farewell" written by an unknown person in the Sui Dynasty: "The willows are hanging green on the ground, and the poplar flowers are flying in the sky. The willow branches are broken and the flowers are flying. May I ask the pedestrians if they are returning?" There was a Ba Bridge on the Ba River in the east of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty. It is the only way to Luoyang from the east. People from the capital see off their guests here, and there is a strong trend of breaking willows and leaving behind. Therefore, willows are planted on both sides of the Ba River. The talented Jiang Lang in the Southern Dynasties once said, "Those who are in ecstasy can only say goodbye." Later generations renamed Baqiao Bridge of Ecstasy. Pei of the Tang Dynasty said in the poem "Willow": "The whisk is high and the dust is low on the dangerous building. How often the Ba Bridge is climbed and folded. But thinking is a heartless tree. It doesn't know how to welcome people but only sends them away." I blame the willow tree for being heartless, but I actually blame the people who leave for being heartless. In the poem "Recalling Qin'e" that was mistakenly attributed to Li Bai, the word "Qin Lou Yue, willow color every year, Baling sad farewell" refers to this Ecstasy Bridge. I can't help but shed tears when I say farewell by breaking willows on this bridge. The line "Farewell" by Li Shutong, a contemporary who is often heard in the music world: "The evening wind blows the willow flute, the sound of the willow flute fades, and the setting sun is outside the mountains." It also uses the willow silk in the evening wind flute to express the idea of ??a good friend breaking up after "a close friend is half gone" Sad!
The ancients also lamented and complained about the wicker broken by those who saw off guests. "Wang Jiangnan" in the Tang Dynasty Dunhuang song: "Don't climb on me, climbing on me is too biased. I am a willow near the pond in the Qujiang River. One person breaks it and the other throws it away. Love lasts for a while." The poet borrowed the words from the bank of the Yangtze River in Yangtze River where people can climb and break it. The willow branches cry out for the tragic fate of the singer. This person goes away, that person throws it away casually, the love is only for a moment, how snobbish it is, it can be described as lifelike. The above excerpts all reveal a sad and miserable mood. It is also the poem "Ruan Lang Gui" written by Ouyang Zuiweng in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Green plums are like beans and willows are like eyebrows, and butterflies fly as the day goes by". The joyful mood of the girl bathing in the spring light and admiring the spring is very attractive and appears to be joyful. His "Shengchazi·Yuanxi" "The moon is on the willow branches, and the people make an appointment after dusk" also reveals the lovers' expectations. In fact, our Wenzhou people who "go out and plant willows in the wind" are the most proud of the spring breeze and are confident that their careers will succeed. Being at peace with the land is more promising and full of sunshine than clinging to the homeland.
Speaking of attachment to the homeland, it’s no wonder that the Chinese are sentimental. Because the Chinese have lived a farming life for thousands of years, they have a particularly strong sense of being rooted in agricultural production, loving their homeland, and feeling homesick. As early as 2,500 years ago, in the last chapter of "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Caiwei" written in the Zhou Dynasty, there was the sentence "I have passed away in the past, and the willows are still there". This veteran who had participated in the war for a long time recalled that when he first went out to war, the graceful willow branches in front of the door seemed to be holding hands with him and holding clothes, and could not bear to let go. The object of relying on the wicker has become an image of farewell, and has even been sublimated into an artistic conception of attachment to the homeland, which is truly moving. Wang Zhihuan of the Tang Dynasty wrote the sentence "Why does the Qiang flute complain about the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through the Yumen Pass." The willow cries for mercy. It is not that it does not know spring and does not sprout. It is just because the Yumen Pass is in a place where the spring breeze does not pass through! It also reflects the difficult environment of recruiting people in the frontier fortress.
Love is the eternal theme of mankind, and it is more meaningful to use willows to write about the farewell of lovers. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You visited Shen Garden again in his twilight years. The traces of his old place aroused the memory of his deceased lover Tang Wan. There is a chant of "the dream has faded for forty years, and the willows in Shen Garden will not bloom anymore". The old willows in Shen Yuan and the old man in Jianhu looked at each other and wept, causing people to burst into tears. In "The Romance of the West Chamber: Farewell at the Pavilion" by Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty, there is a line in the poem "The willow silk is so long that it is difficult to tie the jade horse". Although the willow silk was entrusted by lovesickness, it could not tie Zhang Sheng's horse. The lovers who finally got married after tortuous pursuits were separated again. No wonder Yingying "looked at the ten-mile long pavilion in the distance and suddenly lost weight."
Polar and willow are plants of the same family but different genera. my country has always called poplar and willow together. Not only are her drooping and swaying branches very tender and affectionate, but the catkins and poplars also arouse people's infinite emotions. "Shishuo Xinyu" compiled by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasty records: "Xie Taifu gathered in the snow day to talk about the meaning of thesis with his children, and suddenly it snowed suddenly. Gong Xinran said: 'What does the white snow look like?' Brother Hu'er said: 'Sprinkle salt in the sky The difference can be imagined. 'My brother and I said: 'It's like catkins blowing in the wind. , with both form and spirit, extremely magical, and has become a legend through the ages. Xie Daoyun has since gained a reputation as a talented woman. After that, people wrote poems about poplar catkins and poplar catkins in large numbers. Among them, "Shui Long Yin·Ci Yun Zhang Zhi Fu Yang Hua Ci" by Su Tui Dongpo is the most famous. The first sentence of this poem is "like a flower, but not like a flower." The poem says, "The lingering hurts the soft intestines, and the sleepy eyes are open and closed. The dream travels thousands of miles with the wind, looking for the man's place, and is still called by the warbler." The conclusion is: "Spring beauty is divided into three parts, two parts are dust, and one part is running water. Looking closely, it is not poplar flowers, but the dots are tears of separation."
Xueshi Su uses poplar flowers to compare people, which is very appropriate. Compared with his colleague Zhang The word "Zi Fu" is superior. Before Su Ci, the name of Yanghua was not very pleasant. It was compared to a woman who was turbulent and was called a "watery Yanghua". Dongpo rehabilitated her, rectified her name, and restored her true nature as a pure, righteous, resentful and passionate daughter.
Yangliu will definitely thank him!