In autumn, the sky is high and cool, and it's better to climb the mountain and enjoy the chrysanthemum than the Double Ninth Festival. In this issue, let's enjoy on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong by Wang Wei.
Appreciation of on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong by Wang Wei
? In the picture, Rusheng characters are represented by a little red dot, and this little red dot is hidden in the lower right corner of each Rusheng character. You can practice your skills as a detective and see if you can find it soon. After finding all the tone-entering words, you can play the game of "marking tone": draw a horizontal line (or draw a hollow circle) on all the tone-entering words, that is, the first tone and the second tone. This symbol means flat, but it must be noted that some words with one or two tones are actually tone-entering words, so you should mark them as tone-entering words! Then draw a vertical line (or a solid circle) on all the tones, that is, the three tones, the four tones and the entering tone. This symbol represents the tone. If you can't mark it yourself, it doesn't matter. You can find every symbol that represents the level tone according to the pictures I shared, and mark it on your poem according to it. However, I highly recommend that you challenge yourself and then compare it with the photos.
Recitation, chanting and chanting are all good ways to experience the rhythm and rhythm of poetry in lamentation and singing! In chanting, you can unconsciously imprint the poems you read in your mind, and at the same time feel the beauty of the poems.
on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong
The National Day holiday has passed, and we are back to our busy life. I hope everyone had a good holiday. Although many of my classmates went on a "three-day tour of learning and thinking" during the National Day, I went to visit northern Shaanxi. There, I really felt the deep autumn. When I get up in the morning to watch the sunrise, I can feel that the wind in northern Shaanxi is very hard, as the locals and the team leader said. Although the sun is shining at noon, I can still feel the chill when I get off the bus. The leaves on the roadside are also beginning to change color, and even need to wear a thin cotton-padded jacket sooner or later. I think this may be why cold dew is called cold dew, which is really different from the cool feeling of white dew!
? Cold dew is the seventeenth solar term in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar, and it belongs to the fifth solar term in autumn, and the time is from October 7 to 9 of the Gregorian calendar every year. "twenty-four solar term" said: "In September, the dew is cold and will condense." Cold dew means that the temperature is lower than when it is white dew, and the dew on the ground is colder, which is about to condense into frost. The solar term of Mid-Autumn White Dew is "dew condensation and white", and it is already "dew gas is cold and will condense into frost" by the time of cold dew in season and autumn. Therefore, cold dew is traditionally regarded as a sign of the weather changing from cold to cold in China. In fact, although the three solar terms of the Millennium, the Cold Dew and the first frost all take the condensation of water vapor as the main feature, we can clearly feel that each solar term is colder than the other, and the breath of late autumn is getting stronger and stronger, and winter seems to be coming soon. During the cold dew season, Nanling and the vast areas north of China have entered autumn, the northeast has entered late autumn, and the northwest has entered or is about to enter winter. The first frost can be seen in most years in Beijing, the capital. In addition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which snows all year round, snowfall has generally begun in the northeast and northern Xinjiang.
? Judging from the three phenology of the cold dew solar terms, it seems that we can vaguely hear the footsteps in winter. Wait for the guests from Hong Mei. The swan goose is probably the most frequent phenology in 24 solar terms. The ancients in China placed many feelings on the wild goose. For example, in remembering my brothers on a moonlight night, which I shared with you during the solar term of the Millennium, "In a wanderer hears drums portending battle, a wild goose sounds in autumn". There are also Wang Wei's "Levy a tent to fill the Han River, and return wild geese to the Hu-day", Gao Shi's "A thousand miles of Huang Yun is in the daytime, and the north wind blows wild geese and snow in succession", and Zhang Ruoxu's "The swan geese fly too long, and the fish Long Qian jumps into the water to write", etc., all of which are enough to show that the ancients attach importance to wild geese. Geese mainly migrate to the south in mid-autumn, and migrants after mid-autumn are called guests. During the cold dew season, it was precisely the last batch of geese that moved south in a big way, and the geese came to the south as guests. The ancients paid close attention and were ready to do their best as guests. When a sparrow enters the water, it becomes a clam [gé]. Sparrow, bird, here refers to the yellowbird. The flood refers to the sea. Clams are clams. "Mandarin" says: "A sparrow into the sea is a clam. The cold wind is serious and more into the sea. Change it into a clam, and this flying substance becomes a latent thing. " Just like I mentioned in the poem "The Story of Ezhou South Building", the ancients thought that fireflies were made of rotten grass, which is the same as the ancients thought that birds turned into clams, which is a misunderstanding of the ancients. In the cold of late autumn, all the birds disappeared. The ancients saw a lot of clams suddenly appearing on the seashore, and the stripes and colors of shells were very similar to those of birds, so they thought it was birds. Of course, it is nonsense for a bird to become a clam, but it implies the ancient people's understanding of heaven and earth. They think that at this time, the yin of heaven and earth is heavy, and the animals flying in the sky should naturally become potential underwater animals. If the bird is still very active, it means that the yang is heavy when the yin is heavy, which is abnormal, indicating that the season is out of order and there will be disaster. Three waiting chrysanthemums began to bloom, which means that chrysanthemums have been widely opened at this time. Other flowers generally bloom when the sun is shining, but chrysanthemums only bloom when the yin is shining, so twenty-four solar term said, "The flowers of peaches and peaches are all silent, while those who speak only chrysanthemums have their colors/just right/when the season is autumn/the soil is flourishing." That is to say, peach blossoms and tung flowers will not talk about their colors when they are mentioned in twenty-four solar term, but only chrysanthemums will tell their colors when they talk about this phenology. This is because its yellow color corresponds to the season when the "earth" in the five elements is flourishing. Famous poems about chrysanthemums, such as Yuan Zhen's "Chrysanthemum is not preferred among flowers, and this flower is even more barren", Huang Chao's "Stay in Qiu Lai on September 8, and I will kill all the flowers after it blooms", and Zheng Sixiao's "Flowers are not full of flowers, but independent hedges are interesting", etc., all reflect this characteristic.
? Although the weather is getting colder, there are also many beautiful scenery unique to autumn. Especially in the north, the scene of late autumn has appeared in the cold dew season, with blue sky and white clouds and autumn colors of trees. The leaves of the trees with different colors seem to be the most beautiful paintings painted by the brightest painter with the richest colors, layer by layer, some green, some yellow, some red and some brown. These colors are more dazzling in the light and shadow. Therefore, in this season, people naturally especially like to go to the suburbs to watch the beautiful autumn scenery. Therefore, people have the custom of climbing mountains in cold dew since ancient times. Therefore, naturally, one of the most important customs of the 99 Double Ninth Festival, an important traditional festival in the cold dew season, is to climb high and look far. Jingshan Park, Badachu and Xiangshan in Beijing are all good places to climb.
? The Double Ninth Festival is called the Double Ninth Festival, of course, because it falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month every year. Why is it also called "Double Ninth Festival"? This statement comes from the Book of Changes. "Double Ninth Festival" is also called "Double Ninth Festival". In the Book of Changes, "Nine" is defined as the yang number. On September 9, the two ninth parties are heavy, so it is called "Double Ninth Festival". The ancients thought that Double Ninth Festival was an auspicious day to celebrate. This is the same as the Dragon Boat Festival that I shared with you before, and it is a phenomenon of digital worship. In ancient times, the people listed the "seven-fold" of the first month, the third day of March, the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5, the seventh day of July, and the Double Ninth Festival on September 9, plus the multiples of February 2 and June 6, which predicted a pair, as auspicious days. The ancients often regarded Chongyang and Shangsi or cold food, September 9 and March 3 as the corresponding Spring and Autumn Festival. Han Liu [xì]'s Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing said: "Go to the fourth in March, and double ninth in September, and play the maid's game, and then climb the mountain." If Shangsi and cold food are spring festivals for people to swim in the suburbs after a long winter, then Chongyang is a ceremonial autumn outing when the cold is approaching and people will spend a long winter indoors, so the folk custom has been "walking" and Chongyang "resigning". The custom of the Double Ninth Festival revolves around this feeling.
? But like every traditional festival, the custom of the Double Ninth Festival has a legend to explain them. Wu Jun in the Liang Dynasty recorded in "The Harmony of Continuation": "You spent many years traveling with Fei Changfang in Huanjing, and the Changfang said," On September 9th, there should be a disaster in your home. It is advisable to go in a hurry, so that the family can make their own crimson bags, hold cornus, tie their arms, and climb high to drink chrysanthemum wine. This disaster can be eliminated. " As the scenery goes, the family climbs the mountain. Evening also, see chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep suddenly died. The long room heard it: "This can be replaced." People in this world climb mountains to drink on the 9th, and women take cornus's bag, so the cover begins here. ". This legend explains the custom of climbing mountains, admiring cornus and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival. But after all, this is just a legend. In fact, as early as the Warring States period, there was already a double ninth festival, and there was a corresponding record in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. It can be seen that during the Warring States period, Chongyang was paid attention to by people, but it was only an activity in the Imperial Palace. In the Han Dynasty, the custom of celebrating the Double Ninth Festival gradually became popular. According to legend, Lady Qi, the concubine of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, was murdered by Lv Hou, and one of her maids, Jia Shi, was expelled from the palace and married the poor. Jia brought the Chongyang activities in the court to the people, and these activities already included cornus, eating tent bait, drinking chrysanthemum wine and so on, all in order to pray for a long life. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the atmosphere of the Double Ninth Festival became more and more intense, and it was sung by literati. Tao Yuanming said in the poem/preface of "Nine Days of Idleness": "I am idle and love the name of Nine. Autumn chrysanthemum is full of gardens, but it is because of the [láo] and the [mí], and it is empty to serve Jiuhua and send it to words. " Chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned here at the same time, so it can be seen that the custom of enjoying chrysanthemum and drinking alcohol has existed since the Double Ninth Festival in Wei and Jin Dynasties. In fact, the name Double Ninth Festival didn't appear until Wei and Jin Dynasties. Cao Pi's "Nine Days and Zhong You [yáo] Book" records: "The year is coming to the month, and then it suddenly comes back to September 9. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon are in harmony. It is well-known and thinks that it is suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. " It is said that people like the Double Ninth Festival because it represents long life and longevity. However, in the Tang Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was designated as an official festival. From then on, the court and the people celebrated the Double Ninth Festival together and carried out various activities during the festival.
? From the poems of people in Tang and Song Dynasties, we can see that the most important customs of the Double Ninth Festival are climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine and admiring cornus. For example, Lu Zhaolin's "Looking at the Xuanwu Mountain on September 9th" said: "Looking at the mountains and rivers on September 9th, I return to my heart and hope to accumulate wind and smoke. In a foreign land, * * * drinking golden flower wine, Wan Li shares the same sorrow with Hongyan. " , Li Bai's "September 1th": "Climb the mountain yesterday, even more today. Chrysanthemum is too bitter, and it is the double ninth festival. "It is written about the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival and drinking chrysanthemum wine. In such a beautiful season, climbing high and looking far can achieve the purpose of relaxing, fitness and getting rid of [qū] disease. Drinking chrysanthemum wine is because chrysanthemums are in full bloom at this time, and the ancients thought that drinking chrysanthemum wine can eliminate disasters and pray. Of course, in addition to drinking chrysanthemum wine, beautiful chrysanthemums are also people's favorite flowers to watch on the Double Ninth Festival. Meng Haoran's on Climbing Orchid Mountain in the Autumn to Zhang: "I hope that you will come and meet me, bringing a basket of wine, Drunk Double Ninth Festival", Du Mu's "Climbing the Mountain on Nine Days": The topic "It's hard to smile in the world, and chrysanthemums must be inserted in their heads" talks about the custom of climbing the mountain in Chongyang, but the poem also talks about the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine. Du Fu's "Nine Days Lantian Drinking": "Who will know who will be healthy next year? Look at cornus carefully when drunk "and Su Shi's Xijiang Moon Double Ninth:" You don't have to look at cornus at the wine stop, but look at the present and the present "all talk about the custom of Pei cornus. Another important custom of the Double Ninth Festival is to insert dogwood. Because cornus has a strong fragrance, it can repel insects, damp and wind evil, so people like to wear cornus to ward off evil spirits and seek good luck on the Double Ninth Festival. Therefore, cornus is also known as "the evil spirits". However, the most well-known poem about the Double Ninth Festival is probably Wang Wei's on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong, and I'm going to share it with you today.
? Let's look at the title of this poem, on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong. This topic is very easy to understand, but it should be noted that Shandong here is not today's Shandong province, but refers to the area east of Lushan Mountain. As the name of a geographical region, "Shandong" first began in the Warring States period, and was used by Qin people to refer to the area east of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan. For example, among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, except Qin, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi and Six countries are all located to the east of Songhan, so they are called "Six Countries of Shandong". In ancient poetry, "Shandong" is generally used in this meaning. This poem has an original note: "I was seventeen years old." Wang Wei lives in Puzhou, east of Huashan Mountain, so the title is "Recalling Shandong Brothers". He was probably seeking fame in Chang 'an when he wrote this poem.
? Wang Wei, with the word Mo Cha, is also as famous as Li Bai and Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty. However, Wang Wei is different from Li Bai and Du Fu. Wang Wei is an all-round poet. He is not only good at writing poems, but also proficient in temperament, painting and Buddhism. He was very famous in the Tang Dynasty and was an idol in everyone's mind. Especially among princes and nobles, it is particularly popular.
? But unlike Li Bai and Du Fu, Wang Wei was the top student in high school. It is not surprising that such a well-read figure won the top prize. However, it is said that when Wang Wei took part in the imperial examination, he did not take the usual road, but used the relationship between Qiwang and Princess Yuzhen. In today's words, he took the back door. The story goes like this: it is said that Wang Wei was arrogant when he was young, and once boasted that if he took the imperial examination, he would win the first place, otherwise he would not take it. It should be said that Wang Wei does have this strength. But at that time, the number one scholar was almost determined by people with connections. Therefore, with Wang Wei's talent, it is not a problem to be a scholar, but it is very difficult to be a champion.
? In the year when Wang Wei took the imperial examination, he heard that another candidate, Zhang Jiugao, had gone through the path of Princess Yuzhen, and was named the first. Wang Wei was very unwilling, so he asked Li Fan, the king of Qi who especially appreciated him, for help. King Qi told Wang Wei that Princess Yuzhen was very powerful and could not fight hard. Princess Yuzhen is a lover of literature and art, so King Qi disguised Wang Wei as an actor, and let Wang Wei, who is good at pipa, play a song "Yu Lunpao" at the princess's banquet, which won a full house applause. In addition, Wang Wei is young, handsome and graceful, which naturally attracted the attention of the princess. Taking this opportunity, Qi Wang strongly recommended Wang Wei to the princess. Princess Yuzhen made an on-the-spot investigation, and after listening to several poems by Wang Wei, she greatly appreciated them. Guided by the topic of Qi Wang, Princess Yuzhen asked Wang Wei why he didn't take the imperial examination. Qi Wang said: "He swore that if he didn't win the first place, he wouldn't take the exam. However, I heard that the princess has recommended Zhang Jiugao. " The princess said, "I'm not familiar with Zhang Jiugao either. I was entrusted with this." Then he said to Wang Wei, "You have to take the exam, and I can help." Wang Wei quickly thanked him. So the princess said hello to the examiner in those days. In this way, Wang Wei really won the top prize in high school.
This story is very attractive and widely circulated, but it is not true. Because from the historical records, when Wang Wei took the imperial examination, there was no princess who was more powerful than Qi Wang. Moreover, Wang Wei did write a poem about Princess Yuzhen, but it can be seen from that poem that their concern is relatively distant. In addition, Zhang Jiugao in the story is the younger brother of Zhang Jiuling, a famous prime minister in the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. According to historical records, before Wang Weizhong won the top prize, he had already learned the classics, so it was impossible for him to take this Jinshi exam. Although this story is not true, there is no doubt that Wang Weiyou is talented.
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