"Will Enter the Wine"
If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River will come up from the sky and rush to the sea never to return.
Don’t you see, the bright mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and it looks like blue silk in the morning and turns to snow in the evening.
If you are proud of life, you must have all the fun, and don’t let the golden bottle stand empty against the moon.
I am born with talents that will be useful, and I will come back after all my money has been spent.
It is fun to cook sheep and slaughter cattle, and you will have to drink three hundred cups at a time.
Young Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, is about to drink, but don’t stop.
A song with you, please listen to me.
The bells, drums, delicacies and jade are not expensive, but I hope I will stay drunk and not wake up.
Since ancient times, all the sages and sages were lonely, but only the drinkers left their names.
In the old days, King Chen used to have banquets, fights and banquets.
What does the master mean when you have less money? It is up to you to sell it.
The five-flowered horse and the golden fur will be exchanged for fine wine.
I will sell the eternal sorrow with you.
Notes:
1. General: Please.
2. Hui Xu: It should be right.
3. Master Cen: Cen Xun. Danqiu Sheng, Yuan Danqiu. Li Jiji mentioned Yuan Danqiu in many places. He is also a person who studies Taoism and talks about mysteries. Li Bai calls him "Yi Ren", and has "My general (and) Master Yuan, whose different surname is Tianlun" ("Farewell to Yuan Danqiu in Huaiyang from Yingyang") and "old friend". The words "affectionate and affectionate" ("Inscribed on Songshan Yiren's Yuan Danqiu Mountain Residence?") show the friendship between Li Bai and him.
4. Bells, drums, food and jade: generally refers to the luxurious life of wealthy aristocrats. Bells and drums: musical instruments used by wealthy people during banquets. Food: Liang Daisong's "Jingluo Travel": "Spend money to invite guests to sit down, and wait for the bell to ring with food." Food: Eat and drink.
5. King Chen: Cao Zhi of Wei in the Three Kingdoms was once named King Chen.
6. Pingle: optimistic.
Rhyme translation:
Didn’t you see it? The water of the Yellow River comes from the sky. The waves roll towards the East China Sea and never look back. Didn't you see? The sad thing is that the white hair is seen in the bright mirror in the high hall. It is as black as blue silk in the morning and as white as snow in the evening. When you are happy in life, you should have fun and enjoy yourself to the fullest. Don't let the golden cup and jade dew shine in front of the bright moon in the sky. The talents created by heaven and earth must have their uses. Even if all the money is spent, it will come back again. Cooking sheep and slaughtering cows, just for the sake of immediate pleasure, you should drink three hundred cups of it in one go. Mr. Cen Xun, Mr. Dan Qiu, come into the bar quickly and don’t stop drinking! Let me sing a song for you, please listen carefully: With the sound of bells and drums, food and drink are as precious as jade, how can it be so precious? I just want to stay drunk and enjoy myself, not wake up and suffer! The saints and sages of ancient times may have lived lonely lives. There are only drunkards in the world, but their names will last forever. In ancient times, Cao Zhi, the king of Chen, once had a banquet and had fun in Pingtang. He drank a hundred thousand glasses of wine and enjoyed himself as much as he wanted. Master, why do you say I have less money? Just buy the fine wine and let's get drunk together. Let the children exchange this precious five-flowered horse and this fur worth a thousand gold for a beautiful bar. I'll get drunk with you and spend eternity together. Long sorrow.
Analysis of Fu Shi Zhe Cun.
p>Run to the sea and never return.
Don't you see the sad white hair in the bright mirror in the high hall, (Rhyme 2)
The morning is like blue silk and the evening is snow.
If you are happy in life, you must have all the fun.
Don’t let the golden bottle stand empty against the moon.
I am born with talents that will be useful.
I will come back even if all my gold is gone. (Rhyme 3)
It is fun to cook sheep and slaughter cattle.
You have to drink three hundred cups at a time.
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, (rhyme 4)
Don’t stop drinking when you are about to drink.
A song with Jung,
Please listen to me:
"Zhong, tripods, jade and silk are not expensive enough,
But I wish I could stay drunk and never wake up.
In ancient times, all the sages were lonely.
Only the drinkers left their names.
In the old days, King Chen had a banquet. 5)
A lot of fun and banter.
What does the master say about having little money?
Five-flowered horse, thousand gold fur, (rhyme six)
Hu'er will be exchanged for fine wine,
I will sell the eternal sorrow with you.
Now let’s talk about Li Bai’s ancient Yuefu poem “Jinjinjiu”, which is also one of the short flute and cymbal songs of the Han Dynasty. The original text of the Yuefu hymns of the Han Dynasty was written in a mixed manner, so its meaning cannot be understood. Only the first sentence is "about to drink wine". Later generations of literati drafted it, and they all chanted about drinking. This poem by Li Bai also follows the old tradition and uses drinking as the theme.
This poem is composed of three-character, five-character, and seven-character syntax. It is written in one breath and the syllables are extremely rapid, expressing the author's resentment and indignation. The text is simple and clear, with no obscure sentences. This is Li Bai's most natural and fluent work.
The whole poem switches between six rhymes. The first and second rhymes are combined into one paragraph. From then on, each rhyme becomes a thought paragraph of its own.
The first four sentences use two "You don't see" to draw your attention to two phenomena: "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns." It is a metaphor that time will not come back after it passes. "The mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like "Green hair turns into snow at dusk" means that life will soon grow old. Youth will not come back, but it is easy to enter old age immediately. Therefore, when you are proud of life, you should try to drink and have fun, and do not let the glass be empty to the bright moon. This is the content of the first paragraph. Like "The Road to Shu is Difficult", it starts from the front of the title. "Don't you see" is an expression method that has appeared in Yuefu in the Han Dynasty. It means "Don't you see?" It is the same as the use of "look" and "look" in our new poems now to strengthen the tone of the following. "You don't see me" is often used in Li Bai's poems. These three words are not the main text of the poem, so you should read it quickly. If we delete both "you don't see", it doesn't matter, the poetry is not incomplete. And after deleting it, this paragraph is a neat six-seven-character sentence, and it can be seen that the two "Jun Bu Jian" are additional elements. In the seven-character song line, we borrow a term from the Northern and Southern Songs to call these additional elements "line words" because they only serve as foils, not the main text of the song, and they do not occupy the beat when sung. However, if the three words "Jun Bu Jian" are not outside the seven-character sentence, it cannot be regarded as a foil. Another poem by Li Bai goes: "If you don't see the moon rising over the pond of King Liang, it used to shine in King Liang's wine bottle." ("Bringing prostitutes to Meng's peach garden in Qixia Mountain, King of Liang") This is another usage. If "You don't see me" is also used as a line, the first sentence has only five words, but the whole poem has seven words. If "You don't see me" is regarded as the main text of the poem, this sentence has eight words. In this case, we can only say: the whole sentence is still seven words, and the extra word is the lining word. "You don't see me" is only worth two words. It should be read quickly so that they only occupy two syllables. There are many such lining words in Northern and Southern Qu and Tanci, hence the term. Although this term did not exist in the Tang Dynasty, additional elements such as "I don't see you" were actually the germ of using lining words in music. In addition, Li Bai also wrote a poem "Reply to the King Drinking Alone on Twelve Cold Nights and Feeling in His Mind", which includes:
I don’t see you, Li Beihai,
Where is the heroic spirit now?
I don’t see you, Pei Shangshu,
I live in an earthen tomb three feet tall with wormwood.
This constitutes two three-character sentences, and it cannot be said to be a foil.
The second paragraph, four sentences, basically says: Since God has given me this talent, it will definitely be useful. Don’t worry about being left behind even if you use up a lot of money, there will always be more. You might as well cook the sheep and slaughter the cow for now and have some fun. You should drink in moderation, up to three hundred glasses in one drink. This poem is very bold on the surface, but actually reflects the author's complaints and grief. The implication is that people like me are not reused, so they become poor and wander in the world.
In the third paragraph, he vents his complaints to two drinking buddies. Master Cen is Cen Xun, and he is older, so he is called Master Cen. Dan Qiusheng was Yuan Danqiu, a Taoist priest who specialized in alchemy. Li Bai learned Taoism from him and sought immortality, and wrote many poems for him. Here, the poet advises them to drink as much as they want without stopping to drink. Let me sing a drinking song for you two: Bells, drums, jade, and silk. I think this kind of wealth and ostentation is not worth paying attention to. I just want to be drunk forever. Since ancient times, all saints and sages have become lonely and unknown, and no one knows them. Only people who drink, like Liu Ling and Tao Yuanming, have left their names throughout the ages. Once upon a time, Cao Zhi, the king of Chen Si, had two poems: "When he came back, he had a banquet in Ping Le, and the fine wine was worth ten thousand dollars." ("Famous Capitals") means that when he came back from hunting, he entertained his friends and ministers in Ping Le Hall, and drank ten thousand pieces of wine. Everyone was chatting and laughing as much as they could. Now why does our master say he has no money and is reluctant to drink? He should go get the wine immediately and treat everyone to a good drink. This section of four rhymes and eight lines is a song that "please listen to me", which is the song in the poem. "Zhong Ding" is a shorthand for "Zhong Ming Ding Shi", and "Jade Silk" refers to the clothing worn by wealthy people. These four words represent the luxurious enjoyment of wealthy people from generation to generation. The poet said that these are not valuable, as long as there is wine. "Master" is satirizing himself, it can also be said to be self-deprecating. As mentioned above, "A thousand pieces of gold will come back again after they are gone", which shows that now is the time for "little money". It doesn't matter if you have little money, you still have to drink wine, which leads to the last three sentences: Well, although I don't have any money now, I still have a five-flowered horse at home and a fox fur worth a thousand gold. I will ask my son to take it out immediately. Go and exchange for fine wine, have a good drink with you, and let go of the eternal sorrow together.
Li Bai’s poems mostly feature drinking, visiting immortals, and beautiful women. Later generations of literary critics often regard this as Li Bai’s shortcomings. For example, Wang Anshi said: "Li Bai's poems are quick and unobtrusive, but his consciousness is dirty. Nine out of ten sentences are about women and wine." The so-called dirty consciousness means that his worldview is vulgar. Although some people defend Li Bai from this kind of criticism, Li Bai's noble and profound worldview is indeed not expressed in his poems. He is just an extremely talented poet who can break away from tradition and create fluent and unrestrained poems. As for his attitude towards life, he was not much different from the average literati at that time. In his early life, he drank wine, wrote poems, and traveled around. Later, I ran to Chang'an and met He Zhizhang. He Zhizhang admired his poems very much and recommended him to Xuanzong. So Xuanzong kept him in the palace as an imperial minister. "Hanlin enshrinement" is the so-called "literary attendant". When Emperor Ming and Concubine Yang were admiring flowers, drinking and having fun, they asked him to write some new poems and compose them into songs. This is the position enshrined by Hanlin.
It is not an official. However, Li Bai was very proud of being enshrined in Hanlin. He has many poems describing his proud situation at that time: "Returning to Xianyang, chatting and laughing with all the princes." ("Dongwu Yin") also said: "Princes and princes borrowed colors, gold medals and purple ribbons to meet each other." ("Driving to the Hot Spring") Later, he gave it to the people of Yangshan") This means that the princes and prime ministers came to make friends with him. "In the past, when I was drunk with flowers and willows in Chang'an, the five princes and seven nobles shared a glass of wine." ("Liu Yelang Presents to Judge Xin") means that the people who had a banquet with him at that time were all princes and nobles. "Those who laughed at me for being humble at that time came to invite me to have sex with me." ("Two Poems Presented to My Concubine, Nanping Prefecture") means that people who looked down on me in the past have now come to curry favor with me. In addition, he also has many poems boasting about his proud moments. It was probably this arrogant attitude that offended many people. Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and others around Xuanzong could not tolerate him. After a few words of instigation in front of Xuanzong, he was expelled from the palace. He himself said that at that time, he was "riding a tiger and not daring to get off. He climbed up the dragon and suddenly fell into the sky." It can be seen that he himself had long realized that he was already riding a tiger and was unable to escape. When the dragon's tail fell off, he fell from the sky. . After that, he resumed his romantic life of drinking, pretending to be an elegant man with an air of immortality, and satirized politics in his poems from time to time, as if the court would lose the opportunity to govern the world if he was not reused by the court. There is a passage in "Salt and Iron Theory" where a doctor ridiculed literature: "Literature wears clothes and belts, stealing the clothes of the Duke of Zhou; bowing and squatting, stealing the appearance of Zhongni; discussing and reciting, stealing the words given by merchants; criticizing and ridiculing, passing the rules." Guan Yan's talent, his heart is humble, his ambition is small, and his administration is chaotic and unruly." These words are all about the shortcomings of scholars. They usually talk loudly, are arrogant, and "have a humble heart". Everyone thinks they are Yi, Lu, Guan, and Yan. Even if he is given an official position, he may not be able to fulfill his duties. When Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty first entered their official career, they often started as county captains. However, there were no outstanding county captains among the poets, and they often complained in their poems that they thought the position was low and the officials were inferior, which humiliated talents like him. This arrogant mood of self-admiration has long formed a tradition in Chinese literature since Qu Yuan, and Li Bai's performance particularly promoted this tradition. I think that when we study classical literature, we don’t need to pay attention to the excessive expressions of the worldview of writers in the past, let alone rely on their self-praise to affirm that they are really suppressed talents. Li Bai's poems are the first-class romantic works. His situation in the poetry world during the Tang Dynasty was just like Hugo in France and Byron in England. Traveling with immortals, drinking wine, and beauties are his forms of romanticism; Qi Qi, Li Luo, arrogance, and arrogance are his romantic spirit. However, his understanding of political society still has more negative factors than positive factors. Therefore, I think Li Bai's poetry cannot be said to be a kind of positive romanticism. Taking drinking as an example, Li Bai's drinking and Tao Yuanming's drinking are obviously different. Tao Yuanming's drinking habit was as a farmer. After working, he would drink a few glasses of wine to nourish his mind and body. His attitude towards drinking is: "I forget my worries, and I leave behind my worldly feelings." ("Drinking" Part 8) Li Bai's attitude is: "To be happy in life, you must have all the fun." Tao Yuanming said that people "will not drink if they have wine." "It's because "I don't care about the name in the world" (Part 4 of "Drinking"), but Li Bai said: "Only the drinker leaves his name." Tao Yuanming hid in wine to escape his reputation, while Li Bai "drank three drinks in one drink" in order to compete for his reputation. One hundred cups”. It can be seen from this that Tao Yuanming's drinking seems to have a negative impact on human society, but his personality is positive. Li Bai, on the other hand, seems to be positive about human society, but his personality is negative. I feel that Li Bai's drinking poems can only be compared with those of the ancient Persian poets Oma Hayemo and Hafez②, but not with Tao Yuanming.
"All the sages in ancient times were lonely, and only those who drank left their names." These two lines of poems have aroused criticism from some feudal defenders, who thought that Li Bai was too arrogant. Could it be that even the sages such as Confucius and Mencius , are all unknown, is it only the drunkard who has left his name in later generations? Yao Xuan, who compiled "Tang Wencui", changed "sage" to "xian" and corrected the gaffe on Li Bai's behalf. This kind of criticism is actually superfluous. You cannot read literary and artistic works so seriously and honestly. These two lines of poetry are only artistic exaggerations and do not need to be regarded as the truth of thoughts. People in the Song Dynasty paid attention to various methods of refining poems, and called poems in this format "Zunti Ge". In a comparison, in order to emphasize Party A and greatly depress Party B, this is called the syntax of "strengthening this and weakly opposing the other". That is the meaning of "reverence". In order to exaggerate the drinker, Li Bai belittled the reputation of the sages and later generations. Bai Juyi's "Pipa Play" says: "Without folk songs and village flutes, it's hard to listen to the hoarse and jeering music. Tonight, hearing your pipa language is like listening to fairy music, and my ears are temporarily bright." In order to exaggerate the beauty of the business woman playing the pipa, she said There is no popular music in Jiangzhou, only unpleasant folk songs and village flutes. Han Yu's "Song of the Stone Drum" says: "The humble Confucians have no income from compiling poems, and the elegant people are forced to make no mistakes." In order to exaggerate the elegance of the Shigu poems, they even blamed Confucius for not including this poem in the "Book of Songs". He also said that the poems in both the elegant and Xiaoya parts of the Book of Songs are very "forced" and have no twists and turns. He even said that Confucius was a "bad Confucian". In order to exaggerate the calligraphy of Shiguwen, it belittles Wang Xizhi's calligraphy as vulgar: "Xi Zhi's vulgar calligraphy is so charming that he can win white geese by counting the sheets of paper." The above two examples are also the technique of honoring the title, which is common in Tang poetry. .
August 2, 1978
① Li Bai himself said: "The Li Luo of Puyinqi is ridiculous." See his "Historical Book of Li Chang of Shang'an Prefecture".
②The Rubaiyat of Oma Hayamo has a translation by Guo Moruo. Hafez was also an ancient Persian (Iranian) poet.